雅思7分逻辑关联词

PART 1 逻辑连接词****************************

###1.1 让步###

1. although（更书面）=though(更口语)=even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子注：不能与but连用。

Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.倒装

2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+ever

No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.

注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句

Whoever（≠ no matter who）comes will be welcome.

3. …,as long as…只要，如果；既然，由于

As long as I deliver the goods, my boss is very happy.

只要我做好本职工作，我的老板就很高兴。

Anyone can be an astrologer as long as they are mathematically minded.

任何善于运算的人都可以成为占星家。

As long as the verticals align, the design will look regular.

只要所有垂直面在一条线上，图案看起来就会很整齐。

I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。

You may stay here as long as you like.你高兴在这儿待多久就待多久。

4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，表“纵使”

Object as/though you may, I’ll go。

Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。

Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.

5. Whether…or…正反两方面，表“不论...与否”

Whether you believe it or not, ...

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.

6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）

不论(一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步)

Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another.

7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of 尽管. （不能加句子）

Her words were so satirical that I lost my temper in spite of myself.

Despite the fact that + 句子

Despite myself, … 情不自禁地…

Despite myself, Harry's remarks had caused me to stop and reflect.

哈里的话让我不由自主地停下来细想。

Despite myself , I still felt an interest in this young man.

我不由自主地关心起这个年轻人来了.

Despite myself , I rose from my seat. 我身不由己地也离开了我的座位.

8. Notwithstanding +sth尽管

But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge.

9. Albeit 虽然,即使

You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication.

###1.2 原因###

Since As

As a result of sth. =As a consequence of sth由于sth, sth是原因。

Be due to 、Owing to sth

Owing to lack of support ,the scheme fizzled out . 由于没人支持, 这一计划终成泡影.

Thanks to...后面原因一般是积极性的

By virtue of sth、On account of

Owe to sth 欠…（某物）；应该感谢，把…归功于；

Account for=result in 表示导致

Systematic economic forces account for the disastrous loses.

Attribute…to…把...归因于...

He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.

For this reason，... The reason why+结果/ that+原因

Greed is the reason why they do not deserve the money.

###1.3 结果###

Accordingly=Consequently

Result in

This outcome will result in children starting bullying younger ones.

Thus /Hence/Therefore

Excessive greed is therefore a vice that a good society should discourage if it can.

As such As a result 最终，因此，结果

As a consequence/In consequence,...

###1.4 目的###

So that

Should law be neutral towards competing conceptions of virtue, so that people can be free to choose for themselves the best way to live?

In order that

Regular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained.

To do sth,…

To answer it, we have to explore the meaning of justice.

For the sake of sth=For sth’s sake为了sth的目的

I hope you’re not doing this just for the sake of the money.

For clarity’s sake, I’d like t o reword my statement.

###1.5 转折###

Yet 轻微转折

And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.

Whereas、Conversely、Nevertheless、Otherwise、On the contrary

Instead,Instead of sth 表示对上述方式的完全反转

Instead, a just society respects each peopl e’s freedom to choose his or her own conception of the good life.

As opposed to 表示与前述对象的反转对比

The cost of these planes is ￡3 million, as opposed to the ￡2 million charged by their competitors.

While 引导从句，表明前后情况不同，做个对比

Rather than. 并不是并没有, 前后的词性一样

This polic y might lead them to stay in harm’s way rather than flee to safety.

Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.

###1.6对比###

While 既可以对比相反的东西，也可以对比稍有不同的

Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom.

Likewise、On the other hand,

By/In comparison/contrast.对比之下

Their lives were exciting and glamorous; ours seemed dull by comparison.

The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state should discourage. Alternatively,提供另一种思路或方法建议

In/By comparison with sth Compared with/to

This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of imprisonment in comparison with job training.

By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.

###1.7 类比###

just as/like、Similarly、As …、The same as

They have sacrificed as surely, and as honorably, as those who have lost a limb.

Tourists find this park just the same as the one they visited previously.

###1.8 递进###

Furthermore、In addition to sth,、Besides,

In addition,、Wha t’s more、Apart from…、Moreover

In addition to outlining the causes of this problem, this essay will also propose solutions.

###1.9 举例###

The likes of 就像

Their purchases of necessities like safe lodging are forced.

…is a case in point.正在点儿上，指例子可以很好地阐述这个观点

Here is a case where…指出例子

Here is a case where the economy as a whole seemed to outweigh considerations of fairness.

In some instances. 在某些情况中For instances,

For one reason or another,由于某种原因（不具体指明）

His travel articles are always, for one reason or another, fascinating.

For one thing, 在众多原因中指出其中一个

A lot of people don’t take the time to read contracts. For one thing, they’re often in very tiny print.

On this/that account，由于这个、那个原因

She was divorced, and on that account alone my mother disliked her.

###1.10 假设###

Given/provided/providing+名词/that 从句，考虑到、假如

You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.

It’s a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providing you do it well.

Only if,唯有，唯一的条件是

The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released.

###1.12 解释，转述###

In other words、mean that、Namely、That is to say,

Prosperity matters, in other words, because it contributes to our welfare.

Some groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.

###1.13 并列###

As well as关于，至于。

In terms of/ regarding/concerning/ talking about/speaking of/when it comes to sth/as for/for

###1.14 说明观点###

*Argue that.有“争论到”之意，用于对陈述相反观点

Some economists argued that the law was misconceived.

*Believe that

*Acknowledge that.承认，一般表示某人承认，之后会转折

I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage of high efficiency.

*Maintain that

Defenders of this law maintain that, under certain conditions, the free market is not truly free.

*Hold that

Many people hold that government should be neutral on matters of virtue and vice.

*Insist that

*Claim that声称

The veteran’s group claimed that doing so would “debase” the honor.

*Point out

As he points out, buyers under duress have no freedom.

*Consider…(to be).认为。。。如何

Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to be murder.

Whereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admission on their merits.

*Be of the opinion that

I am of the opinion that car ownership should be discouraged.

*From a personal point of view,..

From a personal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.

*Sb’s point is that…某人的意思是

Plato’s point is that to grasp the meaning of justice and the nature of the good life, we must rise ab ove from the prejudices and routines of everyday life.

*Support *Favor sth/doing sth

The captain favors including mental injuries.

*Defend sth捍卫，支持

Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as a way of righting past wrongs.

*Advocates/defenders/proponents 反对者、支持者

*Conviction坚信

My firm conviction is that punishment does not has much of a role to play in this.

*Argue against. 反对

Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.

*Reject反对某种观点/行为

Jim rejected t he notion that these “unconscionable” prices reflected a truly free exchange.

A civilized country should reject the torture of terror suspects.

*The argument for or against sth. 对某话题的支持/反对观点

We should also consider one further argument for this law.

*Oppose sth/sb/doing

A veteran’s group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.

*Disagree with

Therefore I have to disagree almost entirely with the given statement.

*Opponents 反对者

Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.

*It is true that…but…用于承认一方后，强调另一方

*advantages and disadvantages

Its advantages overweight its disadvantages.

*pros and cons、strengths and weaknesses、merits and demerits

sth do more good than harm、benefits and problems

Even if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, this benefit has to be weighed against the burden such prices impose on those least to afford them.

*On the plus/positive/negative side、On the downside

###结论

Conclude that.

So we can conclude that ….

In brief/in summary/conclusion

To summarize

###根据

According to/Based on

According to the textbook context, this question divides ancient and modern political thought.

###引出话题

It is said that…据说It seems that

The focus of … is on sth.

The focus of this essay is on the causes of and solutions to this problem.

PART 2 重要句式结构

原则：主谓宾是骨头，逻辑连接词是骨头间的韧带，其他修饰词则是肌肉。

名词从句=名词

What I am proficient in is ancient Chinese literature.

Those+adj/ving/ved/to v/介词，代表一类人或物

All those eligible will receive a cash handout.

The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money.

Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea.

I'm going to sort these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away.

Have some consideration for those without a job.

Those+从句who(人)/which（物）/whose（表归属）/in which（表位置），Those相当于一个名词Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.

We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily.

This disease is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.

The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed to be those in which he found his true voice.

He who can be a best servant can be a best leader.

在句子中，任何名词随时都可以用ved/ving/介词/形容词来修饰，可以使得单句也有复杂结构，却比定语从句简单

疑问词+to+v

I am considering how to manage this assignment But who is to judge what is virtue and what is vice?

动词分词做定语（ving, ved）,可以替代定语从句

His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.

句子，especially+名词或者从句. 这样可以对句子进行更加精确的描述。

Members of a competitive team can always keep them motivated, especially when confronted with tough situation and fierce competition.

…, if any. (表示如果有…的话)

State your hypothesis or theory, if any.

What, if anything, should the law do about it？

Rather, 单独出现表示“更准确的说”

Rather, parents should employ a variety of methods to discipline their children.

用插入语. 补充信息，增强节奏感：两种形式：逗号或者横线隔开

But in a market society, the economists observed, prices are set by demand and supply.

They are no more “special” or “fair” than other prices that marke t conditions—including

those promoted by a hurricane—may bring about. 补充信息。

Higher prices have the advantages, economists argued, of limiting the use of such things by consumers. 转述说的话时，“某某说”可以做插入语。

Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law on similar grounds. 对身份的补充。

Many people, including those who support this law,find the virtue argument discomfiting. 包含的对象的具体说明。

All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall, a reflection of objects they can never apprehend. 同位语，用以解释或者补充前面的名词

To do sth 作主语

To punish a very young child is both wrong and foolish.

By doing sth, … 表示做事的方式途径

By providing incentives for suppliers to produce more of the needed goods, it do more good than harm.

副词开头，句子。节奏感强

Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.

Doing/To do A is not doing/to do B. 做A并不是做B. 表示从反面对A的补充

To acknowledge the moral forces of virtue argument is not to insist it must always prevail over competing considerations.

特殊的定语从句，介词+which定语从句与介词的妙用，这需要动词与介词本身就是固定搭配

It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities of characters, on which a good society depends. Cannot …without…没有。。。就不能。。。

Aristotle maintains that we cannot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of the most desirable way of life.

主语倒装句

At the heart of the disagreement are rival conceptions of moral character.

Underlying the phenomenon was a profound reason.

Sth is not (that)…but (that)…,

成分要一致，是。。。而不是。。。

The public’s objecti on to the bonuses is not that they reward greed but that they reward failure.

The answer is that moral reflection is not a solitary pursuit but a public endeavor.

构词形式：A-被动：被A。。。的

A market-driven society A knowledge-based economy

副词+形容词

Financially better-off

Do 用于动词前表示强调

He did want them to take responsibility for their failure.

反问，表示强烈语气

Couldn’t it be argued that难道不能认为。。。，

How can it be。。怎么可能。。

What would sth be if…如果…sth 会怎样？

With+ved/ving/to do/sth,

动词分词前置或者后置：ved, 句子，ving…

Awarded the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known by public, making her the most influential figure of

this year.

Confronted with this situation, we…..

Socrates suggests that,having glimpsed the sun, only the philosopher is fit to rule the cave dwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes into the darkness where they live.

用虚拟语气（动词用过去式），表示未发生或者假想发生的事儿

Let us not forget either that…咱们也不要忘记。。。

Let us forget either that traditional products, whether these be medicines or food, provide employment for local people.

PART 3 词组与句子搭配

Include but not limited in sth

We welcome potential candidates including but not limited those who have affluent experience in education.

Both...and ….(两者都)

Either…or…（肯定句中标两者选其一，否定句中表两者都不）

Either you or I am wrong.

Neither…nor…（两者都不）

Neither he nor she is at home today.

The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it will never forget what they did here.

There is no such thing as a “just price”.

Too…to….太。。。以至于不能。。。

His boss is too hard to get along with.

It is worthwhile/worth one’s while/worth while doing（=worth doing）/ to do something(= worthy to do sth).

Be worth+名词形式（名词，doing sth）

Be worthy to do sth/ of doing sth

If its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.

It points out a moral argument worth seriously taking.

Sb get sth done. /sth get done. 表示sth 被怎么样。

It is how goods and services get allocated in a free society.

The debate about sth raises hard questions of …引出问题

Not only(simply)…, (but) also…

These questions are not only about how individuals should treat one another. They are also about what the law should be, how society should be organizes.

More than. 不单单

Over the last decade, the prices more than doubled. But the outrage at this behavior is more

than mindless anger. More than a personal vice, it is at odds with civic virtue.

The question is … /the problem with… is that问题是

The question is whether, or to what extent, people are free rather than forced.

Mean that+从句，mean doing sth意味着

Aristotle teaches that justice means that giving people what they deserve.

The line between A and B..

The line between success and failure is clear.

Have a hard time doing sth.艰难地做某事

I have a hard time understanding the public’s furry.

Once and for all一劳永逸

Political philosopher cannot resolve these arguments once and for all.

Turn to doing sth转而做某事

People turn to buying new brands.

Have access to sth

Some may argue that all people are entitled to have access to the same products. Tell/distinguish…from…/ Tell/distinguish the difference between A and B.

Have long been 很早就。。。

There has long been controversy about the negative effects of travelling by cars 否定或者消极的陈述，let alone …。更不用说。。。

He cannot read an article fluently, let alone write a decent essay.

轻松征服雅思阅读长难句

轻松征服雅思阅读长难句 面对雅思阅读中的难点长难句理解(long sentence understanding)，如何提高阅读的速度? 英文中的基本句型是由主语、谓语和宾语构成的，也就是所谓的“核心意群”core meaning，突破长难句最有效的方法就是“拎出主谓宾，之后定状补”。 我们来看一个长难句： Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development。 这个句子看起来非常复杂，但不难辨认出整个句子的主语是Behaviorists (行为学者)，谓语是紧跟在后面的动词suggest，宾语是一个较长的宾语从句。 在这个宾语从句中，不难发现主语就是the child，接着出现了三个代词———who, where 和which，这些是非常明显的定语从句的关系代词，所以这里可以判断出连着出现了三个定语从句，一个套着一个，修饰了三个名词成分。而在这三个定语从句后面出现的唯一一个动词无疑就是整个宾语从句的谓语了，也就是will experience，当然后面接的development也就是宾语从句中的宾语了。 到这里，这个较长的由三个定语从句构成的宾语从句的意思已基本分析出来。 由此可见，只要我们能够正确分析分句间的关系，找出主谓宾，再分清楚修饰的成分，这种长难句的理解似乎也没有那么困难。而如果能够高效率地解决长难句的理解，那么阅读速度必然也会登上一个新的台阶。以下一些长难句供学习参考。 1. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer. 译文：问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。 2. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently. 译文：商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情，知道何时应该(在交谈中)插入一些关键信息，要表现得诚恳，突出自己的优点，注意倾听。

雅思写作常用连接词2

在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）

雅思考试必备：160个同义词替换

中性动词 1. 导致：v.cause,bringabout,giveriseto,leadto,generate,create,Beacontributingfactor to 2.认为：v.pointout,argue,claim,assert,think,consider 3.强调：v.emphasize,bring/callattentionto,accentuate,heighten,strengthen 4.集中：v.focuson,concentrateon 5.解决：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/977447691.html,bat,address,tackle,resolve,solve 6.从事：v.carryout,conduct,perform 7.承认：v.concede,admit,acknowledge,accept,allow,grant 正向动词 1.支持：v.support,advocate,agreewith 2.增加： v.increase,grow,rise,enlargen. increase,growth,rise,enlargeme nt 3.改善：v.improve,enhance,upgrade,boost n.improvement,enhancement,boom 4.扩张： v.expand,enlarge,extend,widen,broadenn. expansion,enlargement,extension 5.提高：v.augment,increase,develop,intensify n.augment,increase,development 6.发展： v.develop,advance,grow,evolve,flourish n.development,advancement,growth,flour ishing 7.产生：v.develop,comeintobeing/existence,comeabout 8.获得：v.acquire,gain,get,obtain,attain 9.执行：v.implement,execute,putintoeffect,perform n.implementation,performance 10.实现： v.achieve,fulfill,gain,accomplish,attainn.achievement,accomplis hment,attainment 11.开始：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/977447691.html,mence,begin,start https://www.sodocs.net/doc/977447691.html,mencement,beginning,start 12.促进： v.promote,further,advance,encourage,stimulate,fost ern.promotion,advancement 13.鼓励：v.stimulate,encourage,actasstimulus,motivate n.encouragement,incentive,motivation 14.唤起：v.arouse,cause,induce,prompt,trigger,sparkoff 15.需要：v.callfor,demand,require 16.取代：v.replace,taketheplaceof,substitutefor

雅思听力填空题的解题步骤

雅思听力填空题的解题步骤 要正确的使用这5个技巧我们首先要知道一般的填空题解题步骤有哪些，然后再在截图步骤的相应地方插入解题技巧。下面就和大家分享雅思听力填空题的解题步骤，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思听力填空题的解题步骤 填空题共分为三种，分别是notes /sentence completion、summary completion、table completion。其中notes completion 以个人信息表为载体，summary completion排版格式复杂，篇幅较长，table completion的特色是出题节奏比较有规律。大家需要了解的是，雅思听力填空题考查细节，尤其是答案的书写格式，很多时候听到答案也会拼写，可是会因为忘记大小写、单复数、连字符等等而失分。 解题步骤： 1. 审题 看清题目要求和考题指示，是否有字数限制，一般是NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS(三个字以内)，当然有的时候是两个字或四个字以内，要看具体的题目要求。雅思的评分标准很严格，即使答案的意思正确而超过了字数限制也是不得分的。

2. 预览，寻找关键词定位 预览试题的排版格式。例如在表格填空题中，第一步是要浏览表格的标题、图例和说明文字。预览标题的主要目的是为了确定*论述的主题和场景，如果有熟悉的背景信息作为基础，听的过程就会得心应手很多。第二步就是浏览表格的横纵轴。所谓的横纵轴是指表格的最上面一行和最左边一列。浏览表格的横纵轴等于对表格的内容进行了分类阅读，为部分内容的预测提供了良好的线索和基础。 3. 预测(词性，词义，同义互换) 预测是利用生活常识、学科常识、语法常识和最重要的——对各场景的熟悉，对答案进行事先判断。以表格填空题为例，预测一般有两个思路，第一可以通过空格前后的语法和逻辑关系预测所填内容的词性，第二可以通过空格前后和横纵轴的内容预测所填答案的范围。进行了适当的预测后可以让我们在听的过程中有的放矢，找到答案也就不再如大海捞针般艰难了。先来说说预测词性，词性的预测有助于考生提高准确率。审题的过程中不仅要划出关键词，尤其要注意划出其中的否定形式，因为否定形式的部分在原文中一定会重读，当然了，在填空题中空格两边的词不可忽视，因为紧邻填空前的关键词经常是名词和形容词，这些关键词在绝大多数情况下要进行同义转换，因此大家可以以这些关键词作为缺失信息出现的判断依据。

雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表

Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题 Concern v. =about 与……有关

雅思听力真题分类解析

雅思听力真题分类解析 雅思听力对于许多同学来说是比较难的一部分，相对来说题型也比较多。下面是小编给大家整理的雅思听力真题分类解析，大家可以作为了解。 雅思听力题型分类之选择题： 题量：10道题以上，容易出现在s2和s3部分;难度较高 题型特点： 1.审题压力大：有单选题和多选题，单词量多，阅读速度要求高 2.错误选项干扰大：对听句子的反应速度要求高 3.题目和正确选项会出现同义替换 题目可能已经给出句子的前半部分，考生需在选项中选择一个较好答案完成这个句子。题目也可能是一个完整的问题，考生需在选项中选择一个较好的答案作答。考生需要从三个可供选择的答案A、B、或C选择一个较好的答案或句子结尾。 选择题这种题型中考生都比较熟悉，所以可能对于考生来说算是相对比较容易备考及应的一种题型。但是要记住切忌大意，因为雅思考测的是学生的英语应用能力，所以考试内容的广度及深度都要远远高于内其他类英语考。在雅思听力中的选择题有区别于传统听力考的一些特征。雅思听力的选择题更加注重细节的考察，在section 3和section 4部分听力所涉及的场景内容更加专业。 雅思听力题型分类之填空题： 题量：20道题以上，容易出现在s1和s4部分，是听力中的要点题型，难度中等

出题特点： 1.单词拼写一般是低难度，比如：月份，星期、旅游景点，但是对于书写格式要求严格 2.题目会出现同义替换，需要积累一定同意替换词汇 3.所听即所得：答案会直接在听力中给出 4.先答案后题目：在个别填空题中会先出现答案，然后再出现题目中的信息 考生先阅读一组句子，这些句子对听力材料中部分或者全部内容进行了总结。考生需使用听力材料中的信息对每个句子的空格以简短的方式进行填空作答。题目的指示中会对字数要求进行限定，通常为不超过三个单词和/或一个数字。考生所用的单词应该是直接从听力材料中所听到的单词。如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数，即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案，也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。 雅思听力填空题有单句填空和摘要填空两种。这类题型因为给出一定的信息，所以对考生来说是相对来说比较简单的一类题。同内英语考相同，建议考生在听听力之前，留意句子关键词，并根据空格前后内容猜测并判断空格处要填入部分的词性或所担当的成分。切记不要超过三个单词和/或一个数字，要仔细阅读题目的指示再作答。 雅思听力题型分类之匹配题： 题量：4-8题左右;常出现在section2和section3中，难度较高 题型特点： 1.审题压力大：选项较多时对于阅读速度有要求 2.听题节奏快，干扰多，容易抓不到答案

雅思阅读中不容忽视的各种从句

雅思阅读中不容忽视的各种从句 朗阁雅思考试研究中心 朗阁雅思考试研究中心分析认为，关联词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。 而其中定语从句（Attributive Clauses），在句中作定语，其作用是修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。通常定语从句皆置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent），而引导定语从句的词称为关联词。 定语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后。 ★有时也可以与先行词分离。 ★用作关联词的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，但朗阁雅思考试研究中心在此提醒考生们绝对没有“what”。who, whom, whose指人，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语（在非正式英语中也可以用作宾语，并且用作宾语时可以省去不用）；whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语（也可以省去不用）；whose是属格，在定语从句中用作定语（有时也可以指物）。 ★The man who he talked about is a professor.（在非正式英语中who代替了whom,也可以省去不用) ★He doesn?t like the girl whom you refer to.（宾格关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语，也可以省去不用） ★The children whose parents give priority to work may feel lonely and alienated.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指人） ★The car whose wheels have been stolen was bought yesterday.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指物，即car，可以用of which代替，但后者较为正式）

雅思写作常用同义词替换100个

雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount o f= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）

13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）

雅思听力考试答题填写注意大小写和单复数问题

听力答案不仅要拼写正确，还要注意大小写，单复数，语法和字数限制的问题。以下就是环球雅思老师曾丽娟题型雅思听力答题填写中要注意的几点： 雅思听力填写注意点一：考试中部分答案必须大写。 ◆专有名词必须大写 （不包括冠词；五个字母以下的介词，如：of，from; 不定式的to；部分连词，如：and，for，or等）。例如：House of Parliament，Tower of London，Sydney Opera House。 ◆特殊情况： ·人名、国籍、种族、宗教、地点、语言、行星等必须大写，如：火星Mars，金星Mercury 等，但是地球the earth，月亮the moon，太阳the sun小写。 ·月份、星期、节日等特殊日子要大写，但春夏秋冬四季要小写。 ·关系称谓须大写（这个关系称谓相当于这个人的名字。但是一旦前面用代词来限定，则不需要大写。）如：Mr. Ms. Dr. Professor the Chief Executive Officer 例如：I had dinner with Uncle Bill. I had dinner with my uncle. I went with Mother to the store. I went with my mother to the store. ·特殊的人或事情须大写，一般泛指的无须大写。 ·当东西南北表示的是位置（官方地名）时必须大写；但如果表示的是方向，则不用大写。·书、杂志、剧、电影等的每个单词首字母必须大写。 （不包括冠词；五个字母以下的介词，如：of，from; 不定式的to；部分连词，如：and，for，or等。） ? 句首、词首字母需大写。 ? 若题目中范例的字母大写了，相应的答案亦需大写。注意，凡是字母该大写的而没有大写是要扣分的。 雅思听力填写注意点二：听题和答题时要注意名词的单复数形式 1) 部分名词单复数同形，如：sheep，deer，fish等。 2) 有些名词复数形式较特殊，如：mouse (单) –mice (复)，ox (单) –oxen (复)，goose (单) –geese (复)。 3) 还有一些名词变成复数形式后，意思有变化，如：paper (纸) –papers (论文，报纸)，custom (习俗) - customs(海关)。具体详情可参阅语法书“名词的数”一节。 4) 正确拼写(correct spelling)：哪怕你只拼错了一个字母，你的答案仍算错误，因此在填写答案时，切忌太随意，一定要仔细拼写正确，如：imployment (错) –employment (对)，seminer

雅思写作常用连接词

雅思写作常用连接词(1) 常用的连接词: 1)表层次: first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least Also, and, then, next, besides and equally important, too, moreover Besides, in addition, finally 2)表转折： by contrast although though yet at the same time but despite the fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果： therefore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表让步： still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表递近： furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also... too in addition 6)表举例： for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解释： as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8)表总结： in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simple terms indeed in short in particular that is in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize

雅思听力中的日期正确写法详细讲解

雅思听力中的日期正确写法详细讲解今天三立在线教育雅思网为大家带来的是雅思听力中的日期正确写法详细讲解的相关资讯，备考的烤鸭们，赶紧来看看吧！ 1、顺序问题 根据英语的习惯，如果出现年的话，年一定在最后。但是日子和月份呢?到底是日、月、年还是月、日、年呢?答案是两者皆可，日月年是英式英语中的说法，月日年是美式英语中的说法。因为雅思到底是个英联邦国家的考试，因此听力原文中还是日月年出现的多一些。但考生们在书写的时候，无论原文顺序如何，两者都能得分。 2、日子的问题 日期里的日子究竟是用序数词还是基数词呢?例如1988年5月31日，是读成 thirty-first of May, 1988还是thirty-one of May, 1988呢?答案是前者。日期中的日子在雅思听力原文中必然以序数词出现。但是大家在写的时候可以不带序数词的尾缀(仅在日期里可以这样子)，即thirty-first of May, 1988写成31, May, 1988即可。至于他们之间是逗号，还是连字符，还是斜杠都可以。 3、月份的问题 第一、月份可以写简写吗?答案是不可以，虽然不少培训机构的老师都表示可以简写，但剑桥雅思后面的答案中没有一个月份是以简写的形式出现的。同时雅思官方给出的视频中也没有提及简写的事情，因此还是建议大家在考试中写月份的全称。 第二、月份可以写成数字吗?答案是不可以。雅思听力的填空题讲究所听即所得，也就是说不需要考生去更改听到的答案的任何形式。改了就算错。因此听到July就要写July，坚决不能写7。显然，对于咱中国烤鸭来说，口语和写作是天然劣势科目，所以，必须要在听

力和阅读上找补回来。而实际的复习效果的话，往往是听力见效最快，所以，雅思听力提升到7.5甚至8+(根据这个雅思听力评分标准，即意味这错题数控制在8个以内)是屠鸭的基本前提条件! 如上就是三立网课教育小编为大家带来的雅思听力中的日期正确写法详细讲解的相关资讯，掌握最新雅思资讯，敬请关注（三立在线教育雅思网）更多雅思考试资讯以及备考资料免费领！

雅思阅读长难句汇总(上)

之前和大家分享了如何看长难句的方法和技巧，相信通过这篇文章的雅思真题阅读部分例句，同学们能有一个更深入的理解。小试牛刀，找找看懂长难句的感觉吧！ 一．名词性从句 主语从句： It was once assumed [that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population]. （剑6） 宾语从句： This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find [that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience].（剑5） 表语从句： One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is [that better-educated people are likely to live longer]. （剑6） 同位语从句： There is a widespread belief [that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out (where cars are the only viable transport)]. （剑6） 主语从句+同位语从句： But [that their minds are not different from our own] is demonstrated by the fact [that the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become common place knowledge of school children] and [the once outrageous shapes and colors of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.] （剑8） *第一个that 引导主语从句。第二个that 引导了同位语从句，其中包含由and 连接的两部分组成，说明the fact 的内容。另外，句末是一个省略了关系代词that 或which 的关系从句，也叫定语从句。 注：本文中一律称之为关系从句。 二．关系从句 1. Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height of genius. （剑5） 2. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. （剑5） 3. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. （剑6） 4. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they work on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. （剑7） *此句其实是一个由and 连接的并列句some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. 介词短语In the Glass and Singer study 作状语。In which 引导关系从句修饰先行词the Glass and Signer study. 三．状语从句

雅思写作常用句型

雅思写作常用句型分类总结 雅思写作是否有规律可循，答案是肯定的。至少从语言上来讲，雅思考试的写作可以通过一些句型的替换来实现个人观点的陈述，完成论述过程。熟练掌握运用这些表达方式可以大大节约在考场上的时间，也可以使自己的文章能够流畅自如，从而获得高分。下面就将这些句型做一个分类总结： 一．首段的句型 第一句：描述背景： 1. Along with the rapid development the society, remarkable changes have taken place in… 随着社会的快速发展，……已发生了显著的变化。 2. The ….is a subject matte r in recent years. …是近年来的一个课题。 3. In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in… / In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to …. 最近几年来，中国……有了惊人的增长。 /近几年来，….吸引了众多关注。 4. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is…and… 我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是…… 第二句：改写题目/介绍两个对立论点 1.There is much controversy over whether…/There is an ongoing debate about … 对于是否…很有争论 2.S ome people think that… Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but I think… 有的人认为应该……另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是…… 3.It is widely held/acknowledged that….(改写题目)。Such people think that…（介 绍对方观点） 第三句：提出个人观点/引出接下来要讨论的内容 1.表示只赞同一方观点： My personal view is that … is of benefits to sb./sth. As far as I know, its benefits are far more obvious than its downsides. Although…, I am of the view that they do more harm than good. My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.我 个人观点是它的好处不能抵消它的负面影响。

雅思写作常见同义词替换

常见同义词归纳 Bright future/splendid future/rosy prospect Traffic busy/traffic jam/traffic congestion/gridlock Happy/delightful/glad/content/ecstatic/auspicious Difficult/hard/complicated/tough/intricate Important/significant/substantial/serious/far-reaching/ Big/large/great/huge/massive/vast/enormous/substantial Very/extremely/highly/greatly/really/deeply/profoundly Make/cause/create/effect/lead to/generate/bring about/produce/give rise to Must/necessity/essentia l/requirement/fundamental/imperative/ requisite/prerequisite/sine qua non Will n /desire/intention/fancy/preference/inclination/v wish/want/prefer/desire/see fit Good/excellent/awesome/amazing/ remarkable/nice Many/a large number of/numerous/various/countless/abundant/innumerable/manifold Think/imagine/consider/meditate/ponder/contemplate/belost in though/ People/persons/individuals/folk/men and women/humanity/mankind/ Upset/sad/sorrowful/morose/melancholy/down/depressed/dejec

雅思听力机经中要加连字符的单词_汇总

听力机经中所有需要加"连字符"的单词总汇 mid-morning second-hand close-up highly-trained staff part-time job seven-screen cinema North-West brother-in-law CD-ROM Library drop-off first-year student first-aid kit on-line shopping self-defense door-to-door high-energy snack self-funded four-course dinner low-risk investment note-taking non-fiction well-organized lock-up fast-food shop large-scale housing look-up point (观望点) wheelchair-access toilet mid-range mid-term double-grill tape-measure little-known 数词的考题中，我们还要注意连字符的问题。要记住有连字符的数词词组中，名词不加复数，没有连字符的数词词组，名词有复数。例如：3 years old, 3 year-old都是对的；还要注意的是带有连字符的词组只能做定语修饰后面的名词，不能单独存作为表语。例如：我们可以说my 5-year old brother但不能说my brother is 5-year old. 在同一个单词中有无连字符“-”，有的会发生意义的变化，而有的意义则任然一样。 在一个单词中有无连字符“-”意义不发生变化的，在英语中很多。如： co-operation ............opoperation(合作） head-ache .........headache(头痛）