2019-2020学年上海高三英语二模汇编--写作优质范文汇编(分专题)

2019--2020学年高三英语二模写作题目及范文汇编

专题一：应用文

One【虹口区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是明启中学的学生李华。为了推动校园文化建设，展现当代学生风采，校学生会正策划学生“校园之星”评选活动。学生会初步拟定了“学习之星”、“才艺之星”和“运动之星”三个评选项目。请你给学生会写一封电子邮件，要求增加一个评选项目，并就这个评选项目谈谈你的看法。你的邮件必须包含以下内容：

●你要求增加的评选项目；

●你的理由；

●你对此项目评选的具体实施建议。

注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。

【参考范文】

Dear School Union，

Hearing that our school is selecting “campus stars”, besides “learning star”, “talent star” and “sports star”, I think “moral star” should be added.

Simaguang said in A General Reflection for Political Administration that Capacity, virtue’s source; virtue, capacity’s captain Moral education is beneficial in the follow ing aspects. To begin with, it makes us aware of our personal responsibility. We must comply with social moral standards and learn to behave and conduct ourselves in society. Secondly, moral education teaches us to shun evil and do good, turning the uncivilized to the civilized. Thirdly, with higher moral standards, we will be more considerate towards others and avoid quarrels or conflicts, which contributes to maintaining a harmonious society. Thus, the “moral star” selection must be added.

Each class can recommend a candidate and let them make a speech about why they are qualified as a “moral star” and the judge can mark them based on the speech. The candidate should be recommended not only according to their academic behavior, but also to their contribution to the class and the campus.

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours,

Lihua Two【黄浦区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

你校学生会正开展主题为“The first job I want to take” 的英语征文比赛，请你撰文参加（文中请不要出

现真实的校名和人名）。你的征文内容需包括：

（1）离开校园、步入社会后，你想从事的第一份职业是什么；

（2）你想从事这份职业的原因（可从个人特点、职业价值等方面进行阐述）。

【参考范文】

The first job I want to take

Every individual faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduating from university, which is of great importance in one’s whole life. To make an advisable choice, a graduate should take into account at least two aspects, namely, individual’interest and the demand of the society. As far as I’m concerned, the first job I want to take is to teach.

I choose to do so mainly for three reasons. Firstly, I want to teach because I like the pace. Two long vacations offer me an opportunity for reflection,research and writing. Secondly, I like to stimulate myself and my students to make progress. And I can have the opportunity to keep on learning. Finally,I want to teach because I can be around the students who are beginning to grow and change in front of me. I will also grow and change with them too.

However,teaching is not an easy job at all. I must study hard to obtain more knowledge. Only then can I get my first job as a teacher.

Four【长宁区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是明启中学的学生李平，写信给你在海外的笔友王平，与他分享这段时间在线学习生活的感受。你的信必须包括：

●在线学习与在校学习的不同；

●你更偏爱的学习方式，并说明理由。

（信的开头已经为你写好。）

【参考范文】

Dear Wang Ping,

Long time no see! I’m sure that you have already heard about the epidemic outbreak in China, so I’d love to share some of my feelings on the online study during this period with you.

The difference between online study and the offline course is clear as crystal. To start with, the level of flexibility varies. At school the timetable is set on a weekly basis for a whole class, while online one can be tailored it to students’ personal arrangement. What’s more, as are shared on the website, the class es can be viewed

repeatedly until fully grasped. For timid ones like me who always feel restrained from asking teachers questions, the online course offers a safe distance. And I must mention online study cannot offer an environment for students to study together.

Although online study provides me with flexible timetable and chances to review for several times. I prefer courses at school. Because when at school, I can stay in an atmosphere which keeps me concentrated and efficient, preventing me from laziness. Furthermore, I can communicate with my friends, sharing happiness as well as experience with them.

I am really looking forwards to going back to school and I miss my friends so much. Hope to hear from you soon!

Yours sincerely,

Li Ping

Five【徐汇区】

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你叫王林，你的美国好友John来信说他最近每天晚上玩手机到深夜，导致白天没有精神且食欲不振。他对此很担心，但又管不住自己，因此写信向你求助。请你用英语给John写一封回信，谈谈你的想法并给他一些建议。

【参考范文】

Dear John,

Hearing that you are indulging yourself these days playing with smart phones to the midnight and thus you’re spirits-sagged and appetite-dropped in the day time, I feel worried about you and now I’m writing to give you my knacks for how to be self-disciplined.

Firstly, self-discipline is about your mindset and about how you perceive yourself, and you can actually do some specific things to help you feel better. I mean that there does exist some practical tips for you, but you need commit that yo u’re determined to step out your comfort zone and embrace a now kind of life schedule.

Frankly, your suffering in the letter conjures up a picture of online learning of myself during this special semester, during which I have acquired the skills of self-discipline. Now I would like to share one of my favorite skills with you. As the coronavirus struck the whole China as a heave hit, all citizens must stay at home, not to mention us students, who could not but stay at home while taking up all school activities with smart phones and computers. This sounds like a joke that smart phones to students what peach gardens to Monkey King. At first, I was just like the Monkey King in the peach garden, sifting through various websites and marking them to browse at night, or worse downloading a wide range of thrilling and fantastic TikTok videos to view at midnight. Day by day, I was getting into a vicious circle: it was harder and harder for me to concentrate on the study and task the next day. With my worries about it multiplying, then came my determination to say goodbye to former self. Since the smart phone is an indispensable tool during study, I just took advantage of it. An App, named Forest with the moto “Stay focused, be present”, served as a user-friendly helper for me, with which I could set up my concentration time free of other screen time while planting the artificial trees on the App. If I failed and shifted to

other interfaces, some of the trees I planted will die. I am reluctant to see this scene. As you can see, when I am committed to ridding suffer of a screen-addicted zombie, I use the self-help App to stay focused on homework after class time. My learning efficiency improved; my worries disappeared; now I form a regular daily schedule so that I feel happy and eat well every day.

I wish my story and personal knack could help you or at least give you inspiration. I hope you could rid this suffer as soon as possible and share your improving result with me next time.

Yours sincerely，

Lin

Six【闵行区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高三某班班长李华7月即将毕业，你正计划高考后在班级里开展一项离校公益活动—“绿色离校Be Green School-1eaver”旧书回收项目，请写一封但议信给你们班级同学，信中必须包括：

1.该活动的目的和意义

2.该活动的具体计划

【参考范文】

Dear everyone,

On the coming of college entrance examination, we will depart soon.After the college entrance examination, I want to launch an meaningful activity, Be a Green School-leaver, aiming to encourage everybody to recycle his books and I am sincerely inviting you to join me. Now I am going to present the purpose, the meaning and the arrangements in detail.

With the basic idea that environmental protection is considerably vital, we are supposed to keep our school a comfortable and beautiful place to study in. As for the meanings, they are obvious and significant as well. On on hand, I believe the best way to deal with our used books is to recycle them instead of throwing them away so casually. Not only does littering at random does no good to the environment but also it will destroy the image of our school. Recycling is quiet an environmental-friendly approach. On the other hand, recycling our used books contributes to d eveloping our environmental awareness. I think only by raising everyone’s environmental awareness will the environment be improved. So it counts much.

First, we should classify our study materials into three main sorts: textbooks, reference books and notebooks. And we shall post a notice outside the canteen two weeks in advance to inform our junior fellow students of the message that we are going to donate our study materials to them. Besides, time is arranged on a Friday shortly

after the college entrance examination so that our junior fellow students have enough time to choose whichever they want.

As what has been discussed above, Be a Green School-leaver can bring about a lot of benefits. I am eager for your participation. Let’s make it a success with joi nt efforts.

Yours,

Li Hua

Eleven【金山区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，你经常阅读的英语报刊正在征集读者对于“学生最应该学会什么”的不同意见。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章表达你的观点，内容包括：

1) 你认为学生最应该学会什么；

2) 结合自身情况谈谈你这么认为的理由。

（文中不要涉及你的真实姓名或学校）

【参考范文】

Dear editors,

Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you.

Personally speaking, I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects. As far as I’m concerned, children should first equip them with the ability to tell right from wrong.

When I was a child, I was once caught cheating in the exam. I felt so embarrassed that I wished the floor would open up. To my surprise, my teacher didn’t yell at me but had a talk with me in private. From the private talk I gained a lesson that I should never take a wrong shortcut even though I am eager to succeed.

Nowadays children are often told that they should achieve their goals whatever they do, which leads them to wrong ways sometimes. Hence, learning how to tell right from wrong is the first and most important thing children should learn.

Thank you for taking time to read my letter. I hope my opinions will be a different voice among all the letters received.

Yours sincerely,

Wang Lei Twelve【松江区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

你是李明，你在读高一的表弟张丰依旧在进行居家学习。他在学习时容易分心，总是忍不住打网络游

中精力开展居家学习（homeschool yourself during the COVID-19 outbreak）的。

【参考范文】

Dear Zhang Feng,

Hearing that you cannot resist the temptation to play games or read novels online when you homeschool yourself during the COVID-19 outbreak, I have some feasible proposals to share with you.

First and foremost, make a careful plan and stick to it without hesitation. To achieve that, you have to make a schedule about every subject, from how long you will set aside to learn it to how many lessons you are going to take every day. In a word, you are supposed to tailor the schedule to your own needs so that you can make the most of time to better yourself in study.

In addition, find a friend to pair yourself with. Sometimes it is just too hard for you to carry on for some reason. In fact, it is hard for everyone else. That is what a friend is for: help each other when in need. Not only can you supervise each other in study, but you can also motivate each other to persevere to the end. In this way, the path to the college entrance examination may be not as scary as it looks because you have got company.

I hope you can take full advantage of the special homeschooling to perfect yourself instead of idling the precious time away. After all, so many people have sacrificed their life for the peaceful we now have. What we should do least is to waste it.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

Thirteen【杨浦区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments），这让他十分烦恼。请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。

【参考范文】

Dear Li Ming,

Glad to hear from you so soon, but feel sympathetic for your present situation where your photos are always exposed to your mom’s Moment without your permission. Maybe she just intends to exhibit her affection, but neglecting your embarrassment and self-respect.

Involved in such an upset case, it is imperative to express your feelings to your dear mom, but remember, in a euphemistic way. From my perspective, safety concern must come first. As what we can see and hear on the Internet and in our neighborhood, there are a wide variety of crimes taking place just because of the mom’s keen on publicize their family activity tracks, which are easily taken advantage of by scheming people. Therefore, by

using these cases, you will persuade your mom out of doing the same things. From another point of view, you can have a deep talk with your mom, saying that you’re already an adult an d if she really would like to put your pictures in the Moment, you, as an independent-thinking soul, have the right to be asked about whether or which photos of you are allowed to be displayed by her. Instead of getting angry with your mom’s behavior, I be lieve, it is mutual communication and respect that can make a great difference and lead to satisfactory results.

In a nutshell, you ought to understand you mom and talk to her peacefully. I’m sure your mom will make some changes, and your present confusion will embrace a perfect solution. Cheer up!

Yours,

Zhang Hua

Fifteen【宝山区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

近年人们欢度新春佳节的方式不尽相同。有些人喜欢在家里聚会，有些人喜欢在餐馆聚会，还有些人喜欢出国过年……请给你的父母写一封邮件，告诉他们你更喜欢哪种方式。你的文章必须包括：

?简单陈述你喜欢的过年方式

?建议明年家里过年的方式，井说明理由

注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称

【参考范文】

Dear dad and mom，

Just as the Spring Festival means different things to different person, people choose to observe it in different ways. Some enjoy having a family gathering in their own house, some prefer a family dinner at a restaurant while many are keen on a trip abroad. As far as I’m concerned, on the top of my list of ways to celebrate the Spring Festival is a family gathering at home and I wish to do so this year. Two things could account for my preference.

On one hand, the Spring Festival means a family reunion of significance of all ages. People come back to home from all over China to gather together on Chinese New Year's Eve, from which Spring Festival travel rush arises. During the Spring Festival, people pay visits to their relatives and connect with each other emotionally, which happens only once a year because people have to be busy dealing with their study and work, scattering in different places. Therefore, the Spring Festival is a rare opportunity for families of an extended family to get along with each other instead of traveling, which could happen anytime.

On the other hand, not only does having a family gathering at home provide people a time to do something together but also it has positive effect on environmental protection. People often choose to cook by themselves at a family gathering at home, during which adults take most of the responsibility and children assist. In a process like this disposable tableware is spared and emotional connection between families is enhanced.

From what is mentioned above, my choice to celebrate the Spring Festival next year will still be a family

reunion at home.

Sixteen【嘉定区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

同学们经历了十多年的课堂教学，也体验了两个多月的新型线上教学模式。两种教学模式各有特点。请表明你更偏爱哪种教学模式，并通过比较，阐述你偏爱的理由。

【参考范文】

A couple of years ago, students can only take courses at real schools. In other words, only when they go out to schools by themselves will they have lessons which they want to have. However recently, due to the epidemics and with the development of internet and education mode, online teaching has become increasingly common. This kind of teaching mode means that a student just needs to have classes sitting in front of a computer at home.

It is widely acknowledged that online teaching has its apparent merits. First and foremost, shared resources online are accessible to all students, which costs a little at the same time. This feature brings about significant benefits especially to those who fail to afford that many courses at real schools. Secondly, online teaching makes it come a reality that one is able to study at the best pace suitable for him according to his own schedule. Last but not least, studying at home without going out is much more comfortable as well as convenient to busy students who have too much homework.

Meanwhile, there is no denying that online teaching also has demerits that cannot be dismissed. For one thing, online teaching, not like face-to-face teaching, lacks interaction between teachers and students, causing teachers not to receive feedbacks from students in time. For another thing, for people who are poor at self-discipline, learning online at home will be a less effective way since they are easier to be distracted by other things. Besides, all of online teaching courses are ready-made rather than custom-made, that is to say, it is troublesome to be flexible when changes are needed.

By comparing the advantages and the disadvantages of the Online Course, I am intended to choose studying at real school, only in this way can I make progress in the study and make more friends.

专题二：图片、图表

Three【浦东新区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

72.经过一段时间的网上学习之后,明启中学在高三学生中进行了一个题为“你最喜欢的在线上课模式”的调查,调查结果如图所示。

A. 直播课并且有师生互动

B. 录播课并且之后有师生互动时间

C. 直播课但无师生互动

D. 录播课且之后也无师生互动时间

你可能会用到的词汇：

直播课：live streaming lesson

录播课：prerecorded lesson

请你根据该图标写篇作文,你的文中需包含以下信息：

1. 简要描述该图表；

2. 谈谈你的看法

【参考范文】

As is vividly depicted in the pie chart, concerning students’ favorite online class mode, most students prefer live streaming lesson with teacher-student interaction which accounts for 60%.The second is prerecorded lesson after which there is enough teacher-student interaction, containing 30 percent.For another two types,the percentages oflive streaming lesson without teacher-student interaction,prerecorded lesson without teacher-student interaction is 5%, respectively.

Form what is depicted above, the conclusion that a vast majority of students have a fancy for teacher-student interaction can be drawn.As far as I'm concerned, there are mainly three reasons accounting for the result of the survey.

First and foremost,being influenced by the epidemic,both students and teachers are forced to have classes

online,which is a great threat to students' self-discipline. Consequently, teacher-student interaction is far more essential than usual.Additionally, students are less likely to be distracted with the interaction interspersed in classes, thus making it possible that students are much more efficient despite having classed online. Last but not least, interaction between teachers and students can significantly improve their relationship and impression left on their teachers.

After all, whether we have classes online or offline, teacher-student interaction plays a critical role during the process of study, so teachers themselves ought to interact with their students regularly.

Seven【奉贤区】

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请简要描述图片内容,并结合生活或学习中的例子谈谈你对该图的理解。

【参考范文】

The drawing above depicts a miracle: a group of seemingly frail but tenacious ants can even serve as a suspend bridge over giant cliffs. The power of a single ant is weak, but if dozens of ants get their backbones together, they can go through tremendously dangerous cliff gaps and have access to the other side.

Humble as these ants look, they indeed make people pale when we meet similar situations. The picture actually is rooted in a life philosophy and informs us the importance of integrity. Unity enables us to achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize our dreams more rapidly. In such a competitive world of today, it is not personal strength that the achievement of any course depends on; it condenses the energies of a group. To further demonstrate the importance of unity, I would like to take my own experience as a case in point, how could I achie ve the victory of organizing the New Year’s party if I failed to unite the whole classmates? If facing the tough mission, I, just by myself, I am bound to fail for everything needing to be taken into account. An individual is relatively fragile, but look what we can do when we stick together: a fantastic eye feast.

From my perspective, at no time should we ignore the importance of unity and integrity. consequently，we should foster the consciousness of unity and always bear in mind that unity can create miracles no matter what obstacles we meet.

专题三：夹叙夹议

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：

?学生该怎么做及其理由；

?你期望老师怎么做及其理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

【参考范文】

How to boost the efficiency of online teaching.

Due to the unprecedented outbreak of the coronavirus, schools have to carry out the teaching practice via Internet, the efficiency and effectiveness of which has aroused a heated discussion on our school forum. As a student in our school, I’m only too glad to air my opinions on it.

As for the students, we can start from at least two aspects. For one thing, specific schedule ought to be established so as to check our study progress. We can also turn to our parents to supervise our study, which will no doubt contribute to the completion of our academic goals. For another, it is advantageous for us students to maintain active interaction with teachers whenever we are taking online courses, after which, reviews on what we have learnt should be arranged so that double results can be achieved with half the effort.

With regard to the teachers, it is of great significance for them to inquire students in class in order to capture students’ attention during the teaching process. Besides, after class, homework can be assigned to evaluate how much the students have grasped the key points.

All in all, I am confident that with the joint effort of both concerned parties fruits can be harvested in the coming exam.

Nine【宝山区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

近年人们欢度新春佳节的方式不尽相同。有些人喜欢在家里聚会，有些人喜欢在餐馆聚会，还有些人喜欢出国过年……请给你的父母写一封邮件，告诉他们你更喜欢哪种方式。你的文章必须包括：

?简单陈述你喜欢的过年方式

?建议明年家里过年的方式，井说明理由

注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称

【参考范文】

Dear dad and mom，

Just as the Spring Festival means different things to different person, people choose to observe it in different ways. Some enjoy having a family gathering in their own house, some prefer a family dinner at a restaurant while

many are keen on a trip abroad. As far as I’m concerne d, on the top of my list of ways to celebrate the Spring Festival is a family gathering at home and I wish to do so this year. Two things could account for my preference.

On one hand, the Spring Festival means a family reunion of significance of all ages. People come back to home from all over China to gather together on Chinese New Year's Eve, from which Spring Festival travel rush arises. During the Spring Festival, people pay visits to their relatives and connect with each other emotionally, which happens only once a year because people have to be busy dealing with their study and work, scattering in different places. Therefore, the Spring Festival is a rare opportunity for families of an extended family to get along with each other instead of traveling, which could happen anytime.

On the other hand, not only does having a family gathering at home provide people a time to do something together but also it has positive effect on environmental protection. People often choose to cook by themselves at a family gathering at home, during which adults take most of the responsibility and children assist. In a process like this disposable tableware is spared and emotional connection between families is enhanced.

From what is mentioned above, my choice to celebrate the Spring Festival next year will still be a family reunion at home.

Nine【崇明区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 在新冠病毒疫情期间，各校都在通过网络进行线上教学。中华中学在学校网站的贴吧里，就如何提高线上学习的有效性开展了大讨论。假设你是该校学生王平，有意在贴吧中发表你的观点，你所写的内容应包括：

?学生该怎么做及其理由；

?你期望老师怎么做及其理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

【参考范文】

How to boost the efficiency of online teaching.

Due to the unprecedented outbreak of the coronavirus, schools have to carry out the teaching practice via Internet, the efficiency and effectiveness of which has aroused a heated discussion on our school forum. As a student in our school, I’m only too glad to air my opinions on it.

As for the students, we can start from at least two aspects. For one thing, specific schedule ought to be established so as to check our study progress. We can also turn to our parents to supervise our study, which will no doubt contribute to the completion of our academic goals. For another, it is advantageous for us students to maintain active interaction with teachers whenever we are taking online courses, after which, reviews on what we have learnt should be arranged so that double results can be achieved with half the effort.

With regard to the teachers, it is of great significance for them to inquire students in class in order to capture students’ attention during the teaching process. Besides, after class, homewo rk can be assigned to evaluate how

much the students have grasped the key points.

All in all, I am confident that with the joint effort of both concerned parties fruits can be harvested in the coming exam.

Fourteen【青浦区】

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李青。史上最长的“寒假”结束后，校刊举办主题征文活动，内容是关于学生在这个“寒假”里发生的一个变化。请你结合自己的实际写一篇文章投稿。你的文章必须包括：?简述该变化的具体内容；

?阐述该变化对你的意义。

（注意：文中请不要出现真实的校名和人名）

【范文】

Dear school Editior，

Having been exposed to the news that our school magazine will hold an essay contest on the theme of the change of students in this special winter vacation，I can’t wait to share my feelings about the change of my learning patterns.

Due to the 2019 Novel coronavirus, our learning was stuck in a dilemma in last winter. Thanks to the online education, we can still take courses by Apps, videos, images ,even TVs, integrating different teaching resources. I no longer get up so early and take school bus to our school, which breaks the barrier of time and location to save my energy and time. Due to the dramatic change in teaching, I still feel so fresh that it gives me motivation to concentrate on my class.

Personally, despite some vision loss with a long online learning, I appreciate this change of education form. Facing the virus outbreak, we have no choice but to embrace the change, which is vital for our senior three students. Moreover, It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means, which can provide us with more flexible and versatile ways of learning.

I would appreciate it if you can pick on my essay on my change in learning.

Yours，

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2018年上海市闵行区高考语文二模试卷

2018年上海市闵行区高考语文二模试卷 一、积累应用10分 1．(★)按要求填空。 （1）士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，？（《论语?》） （2），铁马秋风大散关。（陆游《书愤》） （3）王国维在《人间词话》里说，词“有有我之境，有无我之境”，依据你对此的理解，秦观《踏莎行?郴州旅舍》中属于“有我之境”的典型句子是，。 二、按要求选择 2．(★★)下面句子中，语言表达得体的一项是（） A．某业余作者将自己的新作递给某著名导演：敬请认真拜读 B．某学生社团在给校长的活动邀请函里写道：务必准时参加 C．儿子写请柬邀世家长辈出席父亲七十寿诞：届时恭候大驾 D．在朋友家参加聚会时正好遇见对方的爷爷：爷爷您几岁啦 3．(★★)填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（） 文化自信是主体对自身文化的认同、肯定和坚守。[ ]，是对中华文化的高度认同和充分肯定。 ①没有深刻的文化自觉 ②文化自觉是文化自信的前提 ③中国人民的文化自信是在文化自觉的过程中逐渐建立起来的 ④就不可能有坚定的文化自信 ⑤文化自信是建立在文化自觉的基础上的 A．③②①④⑤B．③②①④⑤C．③②⑤④①D．②⑤③①④ 二、阅读70分 4．(★★)阅读下文，完成下列各题。 人工智能对“人”的挑战 孙伟平 ①人工智能是一种具有广泛应用前景、发展前途远大的高新科学技术，同时，也是一种远未成熟、后果难以预料的颠覆性技术。人工智能不仅正在深刻地改变世界，改变人类的生产和

生活方式，而且它的发展在一定程度上正改变着[人]本身，改变着对“[人]”的认知。 ②在过去40亿年中，包括人在内的所有生命都是按照优胜劣汰的有机化学规律演化的， 演化的过程既缓慢又艰辛，然而，作为无机生命的人工智能的发展日新月异，正在改变传统的 生命演化规律，并且传统的生命演化节奏也收到影响。随着生物技术、智能技术的综合发展， 人的自然身体正在被“改造”，同时，人所独有的情感、创造力等社会性正在为智能机器获得。 ③人形智能机器人的研制是目前人工智能发展的一个重点领域。智能机器人在外形上可以 不像人，但也可能“比人更像人”。一些乐观的专家大胆预测，到2050年，人形智能机器人将变 得和“真人”一样，令人难分彼此，“凡是人所具有的，人形智能机器人都具有”。智能机器人究 竟是否是“人”，必将，甚至已经成为一个争辩不断的时髦话题。2017年10月25日，沙特阿拉 伯第一个“吃螃蟹”，授予香港汉森机器人公司研发的女性机器人索菲娅（Sophia）以公民身份，就引发了一场轩然大波，并引发了人们深刻的反思。 ④人工智能对“人”提出了挑战，当人的自然身体与智能机器日益“共生”，那时，我们将要 思考新兴的“共生体”究竟是“人”还是“机器”？如果政策、法律和道德规范允许，任何一个人都可以定制一个或多个外形和内在类似的“自己”，令自己永远“活”在世界上。 ⑤正在研制的智能机器人不仅模糊了“人”本身，更是对人的本质提出了一定的挑战。“会 思维”曾经被认为是人的本质特征，也是人作为“万物之灵”的骄傲。然而，随着人工智能的突破 性发展，“机器也会思维”正在成为社会各界广泛的共识。例如，2016年以来，阿尔法狗围棋机 器人（AlphaGo）采用大数据的自我博弈训练方法，相继击败了李世石、柯洁等围棋世界冠军，展现了它在“变化无穷”的围棋领域优于人类的大局观、控制力和创造力；最新的阿尔法狗围棋 机器人（AlphaGo Zero）更是完全不借助人类的棋谱，“抛弃人类的经验”，从随机走子开始自 我对弈学习，仅仅40天就“自我训练”成为了世界最强；这既给围棋界和社会各界带来了颠覆性 的感官刺激，也令我们见识了人工智能深度学习的威力，令智能系统具有控制力、创造性等变 得不再那么有争议。实质上，当智能机器不仅在存储、运算、信息传输等方面远超人脑，而且 在控制力、想象力、创造力以及情感的丰富度等方面也超过人类时，就对人的思维本质构成了 实质性的挑战。 ⑥如果以上的描述和分析成立，智能机器人将在一定意义上是“人”，或者在一定程度上具 有“人的本质”，那么，就难免导致以下一系列“顺理成章”的问题，如智能机器人是否享有自由、人权等基本权利，就如猫、狗之类宠物尚且享有一定的动物权利，人形智能机器人与它们相比“更加高级，”，它们是否更应该受到尊重，拥有更多的权利，包括避免被人类过度使用，或者 置于可能导致软硬件受损的恶劣环境之中；是否具有与自然人同等的人格和尊严，包括不能被 视为人们的“仆人”，不能够侮辱和虐待……这类问题还有很多，并且新的问题肯定会如雨后春笋 般涌现出来。 ⑦观照现实，社会的信息化、智能化大潮汹涌澎湃，智能机器人可以比较廉价地生产，且 仍然在不断地开发、完善和升级；智能机器人已经广泛进入人们的学习、生产、生活、休闲、 娱乐过程，成为人们学习的老师、工作的伙伴、生活的助手、游戏的玩伴，甚至像家庭成员一 样的机器人伴侣、孩子……展望未来，智能技术正呈现加速度发展趋势，具有自主意识、创造能力、类人情感、社会交往属性的智能机器人已经渐露端倪，很有可能变得与自然人难以区分。 这一切令“人是什么”和人的本质成为一个难以回避的问题。 （《光明日报》2018年01月29日，有删改）（1）根据文章，解释第①段两个加点词“人”字的含义。 第一个“人”：。 第二个“人”：。 （2）概括第②段的主要内容。