高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》提出学生对语篇整体理解的要求。具体的语言技能内容要求为：从语篇中提取主要信息和观点，理解语篇要义。区分、分析和概括语篇中的主要观点和事实。

此项考查要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题型，属于能力型题目。研究近几年课标地区的高考阅读理解题可以发现，主旨大意题几乎年年都有，而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道此类题。其考查形式主要有以下几种：1标题概括类做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。常见设问形式有：What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text?What might be the best title for the passage?The best title of the passage is ______.The suitable headline of the passage may be ______.2文章大意类每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。常见设问形式有：What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following can best summarize the passage? What is the message conveyed in the story?What does the passage mainly present?What is the main theme of the story?What does the story mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly talk about?The passage is mainly about ______.The main purpose of the passage is to ______.The passage is mainly written to ______. 3 段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心思想，通常会在本段首句体现出来，即常说的段落主题句。一般来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后。若主题句出现在段首，则文章多为说明文和议论文。主题句也可能出现在段落的中间。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。常见设问形式有：What is the main idea of paragraph 1/the last paragraph?What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?What does the writer try to express in paragraph 3?Which of the following can best summarize paragraph 1?What is the main idea discussed in paragraph 2?The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ______.

应对策略

1标题概括类（1）快速浏览全文，了解文章梗概；（2）找到文章主旨句或关键句，去掉修饰成分，保留中心词；（3）结合选项与中心词，选出能够全面概括文章内容的标题。解答此类题目时，注意所选文章题目必须能概括全文的中心内容，即标题涵盖性强，能覆盖

全文；标题要体现主题，既不能“太大”，也不能过于片面，即标题所指的范围要恰当；标题表意准确，与文章的感情色彩相同。避免以下四种错误：以偏概全（多表现为部分代替整体）；概括过度（多表现为扩大范围）；以具体代抽象（多表现为以事实或细节代替抽象概念的大意）；偷换概念（多表现为混淆事件的对象）。

Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生

物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International S

pace Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How

is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? I t’s turning to a bunch

of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HU

NCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon a

nd Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New Yor

k.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engi neers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways

to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution

（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to d o i

t just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There

are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost

are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically,

it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this pro duct and then, at the end of the year, p resent it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, an d…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your

product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on colle

ge ad missions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in thei

r studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about t

he problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.

（2019全国II卷阅读D）

What is the best title for the text?

A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts

B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier

C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom

D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform

【分析】本文讲述了NASA的宇航员受到细菌问题的困扰，他们把该问题交给了NASA HUNCH的高中生们，其目的是将科技与学校教育结合起来。根据第一段的“How is

NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids.”、

Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa eve ry morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role —showing famili es how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Mone y: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing rec ipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter say s she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own ho me, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexic an churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway resta

urant,” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion（份）, but Matt makes them for 2

6p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy t akeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this f

ood ou rselves.”The eight-part series（系列节目）, Save Money: Good Food, follo

ws in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers adv ice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team tr ansforms the family’s long weekend of celebration w ith less expensive but still tasty recipes.

（2018全国I卷阅读B）

What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef

D. Cooking Well for Less

第三段的“There is no graded homework…at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’”以及最后一段的“Gordon says his students…readying a workable solution to test in space.”可知，本题的最佳答案为B项。A项信息文章未提及；C、D两项均是文章中部分段落的主题，不能全面概括文章的主旨。

【分析】根据文章第一段中的“prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”，第二段中的“how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day”，第三段中的“how cheaply we can make this food ourselves”以及最后一段中的“less expensive but still tasty recipes”等信息可知，文章主要讲述如何用较少的钱做出好吃又营养的食物，所以

“Cooking Well for Less”是最佳标题。故选D项。A项和C项只概括了文章中的部分细节，不全面。B项是针对文中“delicious and nutritious meals”的主观臆造。2文章大意类

（1）通读全文，抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义；（2）将每段的主题和主旨句综合起

来，归纳出文章的中心。解答此类题目时，应特别注意把握文章的“三主”，即文章的主题

思想、结构主线和关键句的主谓结构。此外，甄别选项时，注意排除两类干扰项：一是以

细节代替主旨；二是以表面意思代替深层含义。

Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly r eading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alo ne.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More tha n half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, ac cording to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but to gether, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with co-workers sometimes, but like m any of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.Just two seats o ver, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the b ar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with

whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.

“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a ch ance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the t able. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technolo gy,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.

（2019全国II卷阅读C）

What is the text mainly about?

A. The trend of having meals alone.

B. The importance of self-reflection.

C. The stress from working overtime.

D. The advantage of wireless technology.

【分析】本文通过一份调查结果显示，越来越多的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作环境，或者独自思考、享受独处时光。再结合文章最后一段前两句“That freedom to choose is…but those days are over.”可以看出，以前独自用餐感觉尴尬的时

代已经结束了，也就是说独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A项。B、C、D三项

为文章中的细节信息，不能概括文章的主旨。

Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There w ere no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut s ome fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Be

njamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged（蓬乱）. His fa

ther said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had bee n doing.The cat’s lot was about to improve.That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came t o visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent si

x engravings（版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint a

nd brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, M r. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had don e with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Phil adelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating

oil paintings. The boy began a landscape（风景）painting. Williams, a well-known

painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave hi m two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Ben jamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Thos e two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it

is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

（2017浙江卷阅读A）

What is the text mainly about?

A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

【分析】本文讲述了美国画家Benjamin West小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志成为

一名画家的，故选C项。A、B、D三项是主旨下的具体支撑信息，而非主旨。

3段落大意类（1）快速浏览设问所指段落，画出主题句，如果没有主题句，画出高频关键词；（2）对比主题句或高频关键词，结合选项，找出能够概括段落大意的选项。一般来

说，主题句通常以三种形式出现：①开门见山：提出主题——细节支撑——阐明主题；②

段末点睛：细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题；③段中点旨：细节描述——归纳主题—

—进一步解释。在阅读非故事性文章如科普说明文或议论文时，主题句尤其明显。但有些文章的主题句并不明显，而是隐含在段落之中，考生要注意辨别。

【分析】根据第二段中的“Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology, sorts the

popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.”可知，临床心理学教授

Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。此句是段落主题句，本段内容分别对“the likable”和“the status seekers”做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了受欢迎的人的两种分类，故选A项。B、C、D三项分别是针对原文中“adolescence”、“interpersonal skills”和“dishonorable behavior”这三个词臆造的选项，故排除。

【分析】分析该段可以看出第一句是段落主题句。第一句意为“你认为可能抑制消费的因素，如‘差’餐位、人群拥挤、价格高等不一定是对的”。下文举例证明作者的观点，所以本段主要讲人们对于饭店的几个误解。故选D项。

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二

高考英语主旨大意题专项练习

2021届高考英语主旨大意题专项练习 1 I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning. In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom. As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world. Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)． 1．What problem did the author have in the morning？ A．She often slept late. B．Her alarm failed to work. C．She got some noisy neighbors. D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster. 2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2？ A．She was a very careful woman. B．She was quite satisfied with her flat. C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable. D．Her household articles were in poor condition. 3．What happened when the author was making a burger？ A．She was seriously injured. B．She made a terrible mistake.

中考阅读理解主旨大意题

在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); ③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 1.2012朝阳期末 Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all ―game‖ ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 55．What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country. D. Sports can get people all over the world together. 2.2012朝阳期末 Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

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