Subject-and-verb-agreement--主谓一致教学提纲

S u b j e c t-a n d-v e r b-a g r e e m e n t--主谓一

致

Sunday, February 27, 2011 at 8 PM

ET/5 PM PT on ABC

Hosted by:

James Franco

and

Anne Hathaway

The Oscars honor outstanding work in the film industry, and are presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The ceremony this year took place at the Kodak Theater in Hollywood. Subject and Verb Agreement 主谓一致（基本规则）

主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系, 通常依据三个原则: 语法一致, 意义一致, 就近一致。

具体规则有：

1.由and连接的两个n./ pron.作主语时, 接复数谓语.

但(1) and表“兼”时(实为一人), 接单v. The teacher and writer is sitting in the front.

(2) every/each/no/many a + n. + and + every/each/no/many a + n., 接单v.

2. each/every + n./somebody/nothing/everything/anyone + 单v

3.主语后接“with …/together with…/along with …/as well

as…/but …/except …/besides … /including …/like …/rather than …/more than …/ as much as …/no less than …”时, 谓语与主语中心词一致.

4.永是复数的名词people/police/cattle, 接复v.

5.集体名词, 看作一个单位/组织/整体时, 接单v.; 指成员们时, 接复v. (如family / class / group / team / government / enemy)

population指“人口数”这一整体时，接单谓；指人口成员情况时，接复谓。

6. the + adj. 表一类人时, 接复v; 表一类事时, 接单v.

基数词作主语，单纯表数字时，接单谓；表数量时，接复谓。

Ten billion is a large number. / Twenty (of them) are boys.

7.表时间/距离/价值的名词短语, 常看作整体, 接单v.; 侧重指若干单位时，接复谓。

但“数+ ton of + n.”作主语时，谓语与ton一致。Two tons of coal were wasted.

8. There be / Here be …句中主语不止一个时, 谓语与最近的主语一致---“就近原则”.

neither … nor …, either … or …, not only … but also …, not … but …, … or …等连接两个主语时, 依“就近原则”确定谓语.

9.以-cs结尾的学科名词, 接单v. eg. Mathematics is very important.

如不指学科, 则接复v. eg. His mathematics are correct.

10.由两部分组成的工具/衣物 (如shoes/clothes/glasses/trousers/scissors), 接复v.

但前有pair/suit/kind of修饰时, 与pair/suit/kind一致

11.不可数n.接单v. 但前有表数量的复数名词(如two pieces/bags of)时, 接复v.

12.单个不定式/动名词/主语从句, 接单v.；两个或以上, 则接复v. 但两并列主语指同

一事时，接单v.

13.“百分比/分数 + of + 名.”作主语时，谓语与名词的含义一致。

such和“what从句”作主语时，根据所指代内容确定谓语。

如 Such is what he said. / Such are his words.

What I need is more time. / What I need are more books.

14. many a / more than one + 单n.(“不止一个…”), 接单v.

15. a large quantity of + U.n / C.n + 单谓，但large quantities of + U.n / C.n + 复谓;

a large amount of + U.n + 单谓，但large amounts of + U.n + 复谓

16.加/减/乘/除算式作主语时，接单谓，加、乘算式也可接复谓。用how much提问得数时，谓语用单数；用how many提问得数时，谓语用复数。

主谓一致专项练习20

1. Everybody in our hometown, men and women, young and old, ____ sports and games.

A. are fond of

B. joins

C. enjoys

D. go in for

2. Which of you that ____ fond of playing games would like to have a game with me?

A. has

B. is

C. are

D. have

3. --- Has everyone in your class passed the driving test?

--- No, ____ only Yang Bo and I who ____ passed it.

A. it was; had

B. there is; have

C. it is; have

D. there were; had

4. The Smith s’ family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond of their old house.

A. were; were

B. was; were

C. were; was

D. was; was

5. Father and son ____ standing on the roadside. Besides them ____ a cart and horse.

A. was; were

B. was; was

C. were; was

D. were; were

6. Not his sister but his two cousins ____ to Hainan, never to be seen again.

A. has gone

B. have gone

C. has been

D. have been

7. Nobody but John and Tom ____ still in the lab as I passed by last night.

A. had been

B. were

C. are

D. was

8. This is one of the rooms that ____ damaged in the fire.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

9. --- The trousers ____ you well.

--- But the color ____ me.

A. fit; suit

B. fit; doesn’t suit

C. fits; doesn’t suit

D. fit; don’t suit

10. Either your parents or your elder brother ____ to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. are

B. have

C. is

D. are going

11. The poor ____ always dreaming ____ becoming rich.

A. are; in

B. is; to

C. is; of

D. are; of

12. This kind of stories ____ instructive while stories of that kind ____ harmful to children.

A. is; seems

B. are; seem

C. is; seem

D. are; seems

13. He is the only one of the children who ____ ill of others behind their backs.

A. speaks

B. speak

C. are spoken

D. talks

14. Southeast of the town ____ 200 mu of sandy wasteland which ____ unsuitable for growing crops.

A. are; are

B. is; is

C. is; are

D. are; is

15. The population of the city ____ not large, but one third of it ____ highly-educated citizens.

A. is; is

B. are; are

C. is; are

D. are; is

16. Many a student ____ bought the book, but only a few of them ____ read it through.

A. have; have

B. has; has

C. have; has

D. has; have

17. Jack, as well as his friends who ____ football games, ____ traveled with the team.

A. likes; has

B. like; have

C. like; has

D. likes; have

18. Growing around the lake ____ wild flowers of different colors.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has been

19. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

A. has

B. is

C. are

D. were

20. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

A. is needed

B. has needed

C. are needed

D. need

1-5 CCCBC 6-10 BDDBC 11-15 DCAAC 16-20 DCBCC

主谓一致

英语的主谓一致就是说主语应与谓语动词保持一致。它主要包括三方面：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则的一致。下面分别介绍。

1．语法一致

(1) 主语的人称和数决定谓语的形式，一般来说，不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数

代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词和复数代词做主语，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：（略）

(2) 以and或both … and … 连接的主语，谓语动词用复数，例如：

Both Tom and Jack are fond of music.

Plastics and rubber never rot（腐烂）.

(3) 若并列主语指“同一个人或事物”，谓语动词用单数，例如：

The worker and writer has come here already. (工人作家)

The doctor and nurse is very hard-working in his work. (医务工作者) (4) and 前后的单数名词有each, every, no等修饰则谓语用单数，例如：

Every boy and every girl enjoys the film very much.

No student and no teacher was allowed to leave the school.

(5) a/an + 单数名词+ or two… 谓语动词大多用单数；one or two + 复数名词时

谓语动词大多用复数，例如：

Only a word or two is/are(偶然) needed.

One or two boys are enough.

(6) a/an + 单数名词 + and a half 谓语动词常用单数；one and a half + 复数名

词的结构，谓语动词常用复数，例如：

A month and a half has passed.

One and a half tons of grain have been sent there.

(7) many a或more than one + 单数名词时谓语动词常接单数，例如：

More than one worker has been sent abroad.

Many a boy has come here.

(8) 主语后面带有：with, along with, together with, as well as, but,

besides, except, added to, including, like, rather than, more than 等修饰时，谓语动词仍然按前面的主语进行搭配，例如：

A man with two little boys is coming to us.

She as well as I is very happy to meet the chief leader.

I together with your parents am going to take part in the games.

2．意义一致

（1）不定代词：someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nobody, nothing和one等一般作

单数。

（2）不定代词each, one, much, a little, either, neither, the other 作主语

或修饰主语时谓语动词用单数，例如：

Each of the girls/Each girl has a dress for the party.

（3）集合名词army, audience, class, club, company, committee, crew, crowd, staff, public, group, party, team等作主语指整体，用单数；指成员，用复

数。例如：

Our family is a happy one.

The family are watching TV at home now.

（4）people, police, cattle等通常看作复数，(people作为“民族”的意思及

police表示“警察”的职业除外)，例如：

The police are busy looking into the matter.

Police is a dangerous job.

（5）表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词被看作一个主体，常用单数；但当有时用来侧重于若干单位时也可作为复数。

Ten hours has passed since I came here. Two hours are equal to 120 minutes.

70 dollars is not a large sum of money. Two dollars were

given to the boys.

（6）四则运算中，谓语动词单、复皆可。

Three and two is/are five.

Four divided by/minus two is/are two.

Three times four is/are twelve.

（7）代词none（全都不）和neither（两个都不）作主语时谓语动词可根据说话人的意思单数、复数都可以用，例如：

None of them has/have a new car.

（8）分数、百分数通常根据所修饰的名词来决定其单、复数形式，例如：

80% of the work has been finished.

Two-fifths of them are from the country.

（9）如果主语中心词是表示“全体、部分、许多、”等的名词。谓语动词的单复数形式一般使用意义一致或语法一致的原则，例如：

All are eager to reach an agreement.

A part of the story is not true.

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

（10）主语为短语、从句、非谓语动词时，谓语一般使用单数形式，例如：

In the evening is best for me to study.

“How do you do?” is usually used at the first time when people meet. Growing vegetables in the south needs constant watering.

（11）“The + 形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；指个人或抽象名词概念时，谓语动词用单数，例如：

The good are always happy. 好人总是快乐的。

The sick in bed is his father. 躺在床上的那个病人是他的父亲。

The wounded have been sent to the nearby hospital.

（12）以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；但其前面若有物主代词修饰，用于实际时，谓语动词多用复数，例如：

Mathematics is not one of my strong subjects.

His mathematics are weak.

3．就近原则

（1）在There be…句型中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词通常就近搭配，例如：There is a desk, two chairs and some books in the classroom.

There are two chairs, some books and a desk in the classroom.

（2）由下列连词连接的并列主语：or, either… or, nor, neither … nor, whether … or, not … but, not only … but also 等，也使用就近原则。例如：

Either you or he has a new bag.

Not you or I am to blame.

另外，a large/great quantity of, a good supply of接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。但supplies of, (large) quantities of 接复数或不可数名词时谓语动词用复数形式，应特别注意。

（附部分关于主谓一致的练习）

主谓一致专项练习

1.All but one ______ here just now. All that I want to say _____ this.

A. was; were

B. was; is

C. were; is

D. were; were

2. A number of boys ___ gone for an outing. The number of boys ___

increasing years by year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has;

have D. have; is

3.Each student _______ got a dictionary. The students each _____ a

dictionary.

A. have; has

B. has; have

C. have; have

D. has;

has

4.My shoes _____ worn out. One pair of shoes ______ not enough. A. is B.

are

5.No one but Jane ____ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ____ in the

room then.

A. know; was

B. knows; was

C. know; were

D. knows; were

6.He is one of the boys who _______ never late for school. He is the

only one of the boys who ____ late for school today. A. is B.

are C. was

7.What they’ve done ____ useful to us. What he says and what he does

____agree.

A. is; not

B. is; do not

C. are; does not

D.

are; not

8.The population of the earth ____ increasing fast. One third of the

population ____ workers. A. is B. are

9.This kind of snakes ___ very rare. These kinds of metal ___ dear. A.

is B. are

10.Half of the visitors ___ from Europe. Half of the fruit ___ bad. A.

is B. are

11.Every man-worker and every woman-worker _______ free medical care. At

Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present.

A. enjoy; is

B. enjoy; are

C. enjoys; is

D.

enjoys; are

12.Many a man ____ seen the film. Many men ________ seen the film.

A. has; has

B. has; have

C. have; has

D. have; have

13.Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing

and dancing _______ two of the things that he likes best. A. is

B. are

14.Such __ Lincoln, a man of great success. Such __ her words. A. were

B. was

15.His physics ____ weaker than others. A. is B. are

16.Food and clothing ______ daily necessities for people. A. is

B. are

17.The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries. A

is B. are

18.He like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent. A. is B.

are

19.Between the two buildings ______ a hospital. A. stand B.

stands

20.A good supply of water ____ been supplied to the people in the city

and large quantities of food ____ been sent to the poor country. A.

have B. has