5Late-Night Drinking

Late-Night Drinking在深夜饮咖啡

Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with2 your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. 咖啡爱好者注意了。在深夜喝一杯快速提神的咖啡会严重影响你的睡眠，跟兴奋剂一样，咖啡因会扰乱褪黑激素的自由流动，这种褪黑激素是大脑里促人睡眠的一种荷尔蒙。

Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again3. “It’s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffcinated coffee halve s the body’s levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off4 - twice as long as usual - and jigged around5 in bed twice as much. 在上床睡觉前约2小时的时候褪黑激素含量开始上升，在凌晨2点到4点达到最高值，然后再次下降。加州斯坦福大学斯坦福睡眠流行病学研究中心的Maurice Ohayon说：“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素，它告诉我们的身体什么时候睡觉，什么时候醒来。”而以色列的研究人员们发现含咖啡因的咖啡使这种睡眼荷尔蒙浓度降至一半。LotanShilo和Tel Aviv大学“Sapir医学中心”的一组人员，在给六位志愿者做试验时发现，他们在饮了咖啡因的咖啡后比饮了脱咖啡因的咖啡后睡眼质量要差。平均来说，在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡后每晚睡眠时间336分钟，而喝了脱咖啡因的咖啡后则睡415分钟。同时他们得花半个小时入睡，是通常情况的两倍，另外，他们在床上辗转次数也要长一倍。

In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample, Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest6 that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. 在实验的第二阶段，研究人员每三个小时便叫醒一次志愿者，并叫他们提供尿样。Shilo检验了他们褪黑激素分解产物的浓度，结果显示，咖啡因摄入者体内的褪黑激素是非咖啡因摄入人者的一半。在《睡眼医学》刊物上发表的文章中,研究人员暗示说，褪黑激素的生成由酶促成，而咖啡因阻止了酶的生成。

Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. 因为要花许多小时的时间才能将身体中的咖啡因除去，Ohayon建议咖啡爱好者应在午后换喝脱咖啡因的咖啡。

beware / b?’we?(r)/ vi．当心；小心

stimulant / ’st?mj?l?nt/ n．兴奋剂

halve / hɑ:v / vt．二等分；减半

decaf n．脱咖啡因咖啡

urine / ’j??r?n/ n．尿

enzyme / ’enza?m / n．酶

caffeinated adj．含咖啡因的；加入咖啡因的

caffeine / ’k?fi:n/ n．咖啡因

melatonin / ,mel?’t??n?n / n．褪黑激素

hormone / ’h?:m??n/ n．荷尔蒙，激素

neurohormone n．神经激素

注释：

1．have a quick “pick-me-up” cup of co ffee：喝一杯快速提神的咖啡。pick-me-up意为“提神饮料”，这里用作定语。

2．play havoc with：干扰;对…造成严重破坏。例如：The noise of engines can play terrible havoc with a driver’s nerves.发动机的嘈杂噪声能严重扰乱驾驶员的神经。

3．Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again：褪黑激素的浓度在凌晨2点和4点之间达到最高值，然后再次下降。before在此处可以译为“然后”。

4．drop off：睡着。例如：He dropped off in the armchair.他在扶手椅上睡着了。

5．jig around：辗转反侧。jig意“急动，蹦蹦跳跳”。例如：Stop jigging about, Billy, and just stand still for a moment.别到处乱蹦，比利，稳稳地站一会儿。

6．suggest：在这里不作“建议”解，它的意思是“间接地表明；暗示”。例如：I’m not suggestin g that the accident was your fault.我并不是说那事故是你的错。

1. The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that

A melatonin levels need to be raised.

B neurohormone can wake us up.

C coffee is a stimulant.

D decaf is a caffeinated coffee.

2. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?

A Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.

B Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.

C Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sl eep hormone.

D Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.

3. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?

A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.

B Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.

C The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.

D The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.

4. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?

A There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers’ urine sample.

B There a re more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers’ urine sample.

C Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.

D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.

5. The author of this passage probably agrees that

A coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.

B we should not drink coffee after supper.

C people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.

D if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.

答案与题解:

1. C pick-me-up指提神饮料，也就是一种剌激物，在这篇文章里具体指咖啡。所以，答案应选C。

2. C 第二段的第三个句子谈到，“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素”，而这一段的昀后一个句子也告诉我们“含咖啡因咖啡能使这种睡眠激素减半”。这正是咖啡因影响睡眠的原理。

3. A第三段涉及的是一个实验，这个实验的目的是测试含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因咖啡对睡眠的影响，该段主要谈论的是这个实验的结果。

4. D 第四段是第三段实验的继续，是该实验的第二个阶段。研究人员通过对志愿者尿样进行化验发现，咖啡因摄入者体内的褪黑激素仅为非咖啡因摄入者的一半。褪黑激素就是睡眠激素，所以，答案应该选D。

5. B 文章的结尾谈到，“Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖啡因咖啡”。另外，整个文章都在探讨咖啡因影响睡眠的机理，所以，作者大概会同意“晚饭后不应该喝咖啡”的说法。选项A是一个全称判断，这等于说“所有喜欢喝咖啡的人都比不喝咖啡的人睡觉少”。这不一定，因为如果咖啡适量，喝咖啡的时间适当，咖啡不会影响睡眠。所以，作者可能不会同意这种说法。根据文章第二段第二个句子，选项C是错的。根据文章第二段的第一个句子，我们体内褪黑激素(睡眠激素)的浓度在我们上床时间前两个小时开始上升，而这个时候我们会开始有困意。反过来说就是，人们并非一有困意就睡觉。所以，选项D 不是答案。

译文：

The cows are drinking water教案

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guideline n. requirement n. content n. fruit juice soda n. caffeine n. expel v. Institute of Medicine bottled water headline n. regulation n. disclose v. contaminant n. acknowledge v. reflect v. market v. consistently adv. spring n. purified water treatment n. sanitary adj. consumer n. 指导纲要，指导原则要求，必要条件 含量，容积 果汁 苏打水，汽水 咖啡因 排除，驱逐 （美国）医学研究所瓶装水 新闻标题 管理，规章，规则公开，揭露 污染物 承认 反映 营销，推销 一贯地，坚持地 泉水 净化水 处理 卫生的，清洁的 消费者，顾客

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the cows are drinking water教案

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This example is in relation with the alcohol drinking culture in China. In Chinese traditional dinner, if you drink alone or just refuse to drink with other people, you will be thought as those who are unsocial and eccentric. The most distinctive feature of Chinese drinking culture is to exchange toast with others and then bottom up with them. The reason why people drink in way is because: People want to forge a family-alike relationship with those who are valuable to them in use. Under this scenario, one will persuade or be urged to drink with these valuable people. In China, if you can do that, you will be regarded as the people who can abide by the code of brotherhood. And as a consequence, you will be thought and treated as their brothers.(You know brother-relation is a typical family relationship) In this way the family-alike relationship between you and these people will be established. E.g…. red tape. Now let’s go to the drinking culture in New Zealand as well. The phenomenon of group bin ge drink here will make you think that Kiwi will also drink much together. Yes, they actually do that too. But they never persuade others to drink. How much one should drink is his own business. People are never used to being urged to drink.

2014年职称英语 阅读理解(5) Late-Night Drinking

第五篇 Late-Night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick -me-up” cup of coffee 1 late in the day will play havoc with 2 your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again 3. “It’s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Mauric e Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffcinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off 4 — twice as long as usual — and jigged around 5 in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample, Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest 6 that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. 词汇: beware /bi5wZE/v.当心:小心 enzyme /5enzaIm/n.酶 caffeinated adj.含咖啡因的；加入咖啡因的 caffeine /5kAfi:n/n.咖啡因 stimulant /5stimjulEnt/n.兴奋剂 melatonin /7melE5tEunin/n.退黑激素 halve /hB:v/v.二等分；减半 hormone /5hC:mEun/n.荷尔蒙，激素 decaf n.脱咖啡因咖啡 neurohormone /njuErEu5hC:mEun/n. 神经激素urine /5juErin/n.尿 注释: 1. have a quick “pick -me-up” cup of coffee:喝一杯快速提神的咖啡。 pick-me-up 意为“提神饮料”，这里用作定语。 2. play havoc with:干扰；……造成严重破坏。例如 : The noise of engines can play terrible havoc with a driver’s nerves.发动机的嘈杂噪声能严重扰乱驾驶员的神经。 3. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again:褪黑激素的浓度在凌晨 2点和 4点之间达到昀高值，然后再次下降。 before 在此处可以译为“然后”。 4. drop off:睡着。例如 : He dropped off in the armchair.他在扶手椅上睡着了。 5. jig around:辗转反侧。 jig 意为“急动，蹦蹦跳跳”。例如: Stop jigging about, Billy, and just stand still for a moment.别到处乱蹦，比利，稳稳地站一会儿。 6. suggest:在这里不作“建议”解，它的意思是“间接地表明 ;暗示”。例如 : I’m not suggesting that the accident was your fault.我并不是说那事故是你的错。练习: 1. The author mentions “pick -me-up” to indicate that A melatonin levels need to be raised. B neurohormone can wake us up. C coffee is a stimulant. D decaf is a caffeinated coffee. 2. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? A Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production. B Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping. C Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone. D Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.

Unit2Thecowsaredrinkingwater.(吴老师)

Module 3 Unit2 The cows are drinking water.教学设计 石嘴山市第十三小学吴婷 一、教学目标 （一）知识目标 1.全体学生能够听说认读重点词汇 cow, blow, rabbit,hide-and-seek 2.全体学生能够运用句子表述正在发生的动作或状态： The sun is shining.The wind is blowing. The birds are singing.The cows are drinking. （二）能力目标 1.在图文或场景下进行简单的英语交流,提高学生的英语交际能力 2.培养学生学习英语的兴趣 （三）情感目标 1．使学生体验英语学习的乐趣。 2．通过小组合作，培养学生的合作精神和竞争意识。 二、教学重点 能听懂会说、理解并掌握句子The sun is shining.The wind is blowing.The birds are singing.The cows are drinking. 三、教学难点 运用句型结构”be+ v-ing”来表述正在发生的动作或状态。 四、教学准备 CD-ROM、text book、electronic whiteboard 五、教学过程 ⅠWarming 1. Sing songs 2. Greeting T: “ Good morning, boys and girls!” S: “ Good morning, Ms Wu!” T: “ How are you?” S: “ I’m fine. Thank you.”

3. Check and review play (playing) sing (singing) drink (drinking) jump (jumping)shine (shining) come (coming) Have(having)run (running)swim (swimming) blow (blowing) 【设计意图：通过活动收拢学生注意力，调动学生学习积极性；为本节课的学习做初步铺垫。】Ⅱ Lead in T :”Please look at blackboard, what can you see in this picture?” S1:”sky” S2:”water” S3:”trees” S4:”cows” T:”What are the cows doing?” Students:”The cows are drinking water.” T:“Today, we will learn Module 3 Unit2 The cows are drinking water.” 板书题目 Ⅲ.Show the learning aims Ⅳ.Procedures Step1 Look at blackboard, learn new sentences “The sun is shining.” “The wind is blowing.” “The birds are singing.” “The cows are drinking.” “The ducks are swimming.” “The rabbits are jumping.” Step2 T: Boys and girls.We’ve learned some sentences,Look at this picture.Can you describe it? (师呈现课件，学生看图说话) S1:”....” S2:”....” Step3 Self-learning ①Watch the flash,try to answer this questions: ? What’s the weather like? ? What are the cows doing? ? Are the birds singing?

Unit2Thecowsaredrinkingwater.(何老师)

1教学目标 (1)听、说、认读单词cow,blow, rabbit 和句型,如:The cows are drinking water.等 (2)能掌握动词的现在分词(即ing形式),并能运用到现在进行时态中。 (3)能听懂、理解课文的大致内容,能回答教师的问题。 (4)能运用本课的学习内容进行表演或再创作,或在教师设置的交际情景中运用。 2学情分析 学生在之前的英语学习过程中已经掌握了现在进行时的语法要点,在这节课的课文学习中我将侧重于帮助学生继续复习巩固现在进行时句型结构,进一步进行归纳概括,完成各种学习任务,提高学生的英语综合运用能力,同时侧重培养学生积极与他人交流合作,相互学习,共同完成任务的能力,乐于运用英语进行表达和交流的能力。 3重点难点 学习重点: 现在进行时单复数句型的运用。 学习难点: 现在进行时在日常情景对话中的应用 4教学过程 4.1第一学时 4.1.1教学活动 活动1【活动】Warming up 1、Greetings 2、Sing an English song 活动2【导入】Review 1、Review the three photos .Ask and answer. 2、Look at the new photo and lead in. 活动3【讲授】Presentation 1、(Task list 1)Listen and circle the words with "-ing" and read them 2、(Task list 2)Listen and answer the questions 3、(Task list 3)Read the text three times and fill in the blanks. 活动4【活动】魔力转盘(Play games) Look and say sentences 活动5【练习】Look and say look at the pictures and describe them . 活动6【活动】Play games Look and guess "what are they doing?"