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中考英书面表达常见错误

中考英书面表达常见错误
中考英书面表达常见错误

中考英书面表达常见错误

英语书面表达能力的形成非一日之功,考生必须在平时的课堂学习中一点一滴积累,并持之以恒。下面,本书将列举一些中考英语常见作文失误。

一、审题不清

中考要求考生掌握的文体主要有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文,其中应用文又包括通知、请假条、日记、书信和电子邮件等,一些考生忽视了各种体裁的写作特点,结果导致文章体裁格式不正确,如:写请假条时不写署名等。

英文写作要求文章内容主旨明确,即要有一定的中心事件并体现一定的中心思想。但考生在英文写作中往往忽视这一点,因为他们把主要精力放在句子表达上。考生在写作前缺乏必要的“审题”环节,所以内容与作文材料之间没有合理的联系,与文章所要体现的主旨有较大的偏离。因此,尽管有些考生语言功底不错,语言表达流畅,语误也很少,但终因“切题”不够准确,捕捉信息不够全面而不能拿到高档分。

二、单词拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能够发现很多的单词拼写错误,如:很多考试把before写成了befor,把because写成beacause等。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被扣分。有大量拼写错误的作文不仅体现出考生语言基本功差,同时也影响内容的表达,从而降低作文的档次。

三、汉语式英语

语言使用不地道,写作时习惯将内容逐个翻译,口语夹杂于作文中。由于受汉语的影响,再加上对英语句子的结构掌握的不好,考生常常按汉语的语序来翻译句子,因此考生写出I very like English.这样的错误句子,其实正确的表达应该是I like English very much.

四、词性概念薄弱

词性误用主要表现为:把介词当作动词用;把形容词当做副词用;把名词当作动词用等。考生在表达个人的学习感受时,单纯地考虑习惯上的意思表达而忽略了词性的概念,从而出现了I will study good.这样的错误表达,正确的表达应该是I will study well.因此,明确副词修饰动词的概念很重要。

五、时态误用

汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对于英语来讲,这些都至关重要。考生在英语作文中出现的时态误用情况主要表现在两个方面:第一,考生在写作之前没有判断整篇文章主要用哪种时态,常出现该用一般现在时的句子用了一般过去式;而该用将来时的句子,用了完成时。第二,时态构成表达错误。由于考生对各种时态掌握的不好,常常将所学的各种时态混淆,如:I am go to school by bike.其正确的表达方式是I go to school by bike.再如:When

I get to the station the train leave.的正确表达方式是When I got to station the train had left.

六、逻辑错误,缺少衔接

在写作的过程中,有的考生一拿到考题就匆匆忙忙开始写,在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么,哪些内容应该详写,哪些内容应该略写,而是一边写一边构思,从而导致整篇文章逻辑不清,层次感不强,读者不知所云。

有的考生虽然在词汇运用方面能够达到书面表达的基本要求,但由于句子之间没有添加适当的衔接成分,使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡,从而影响了信息的传递和表达效果。如:The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.中的The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,it与things在数方面不一致。其正确的表达应该是:Fresh water is the most important thing of the earth .

七、句子不完整

有的考生由于对句子的结构认识模糊,所以常常出现只写半句的现象。在口语中,

交际双方可借助手势、语气、上下文等,完全可以理解不完整的句子。可是在书面语中,句子结构的不完整会使意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,考生又想加些补充说明时。如:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.文章的第二句话中没有动词,不能够独立构成一个句子。修改的方法就是将这两个句子连接起来。其正确的表达为:There are many ways to know the society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper .

八、指人的各种代词混淆不清

很多考生表达“我”时使用my;表达“他”时却选用了he;放在动词或者介词后面的“他”错误的使用了he。这种错误在在书面表达中比比皆是,令人诧异。学生带着似是而非的人称习惯继续学习英语,结果很多看似简单实则复杂的问题得不到彻底解决。这方面的问题以后应该引起足够的重视。如:I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.这样的句子应该使用其正确的表达方式——My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.

九、信息采纳不全

考生在写作时,由于时间的限制,在谋篇时没有很好地将试题所提供的信息全部反映在作文中。有的考生喜欢就事论事,没有个人的感想,结果导致文章的要点不全。在写作文时考生要抓住试题所提供的有效信息,展开符合逻辑的想象力进行发挥,确保利用优美的语言将全部要点表达清楚。

十、综合性错误

综合性错误是指语态、标点符号、单词的大小写、连词的误用以及介词的错误地使用等方面的错误。如:Today,Money to everyboday is very important.句中的Money应改为money。

针对考生在书面表达方面容易出现的错误,考生平时应该加强训练,尽量避免出现不必要的错误,关注细节,努力提高自己的英语运用能力。

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