北交大03-15年英语语言学考研解答题汇总

语言学包括语言的特征、语言功能、语言学重要分支（宏观语言学和微观语言学分支）、语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、话语（语篇）分析、语言比较和对比、语言，文化与社会、文体学、二语习得理论、语言学与外语教学和现代语言学主要流派等语言学基础知识和语言学理论知识。Schemata and inference drawing

Tree diagram, syntactic structure

2003

Register

An agglutinative language

Immediate constituent analysis

Cohesion

Grim’s law

Grice’s co-operative principle

Creole

Free morpheme

Deep structure

Competence

C7 Language and culture, relationship; Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (strong & weak) (2014 c-500)

C7 Language and society, Lakoff/women register (2004 same question)

C1 Saussure’s langue & parole, Chomsky’s competence & performance: comparison (2005 d-; 2007 same topic; 2008 langue and parole, distinctions; 2009 parole and language, distinction; 2011 distinction of competence and performance, relationship between them)

C5 seven types of meaning (G.Leech) (2008 C-200)

2004

An isolating language

A minimal pair

Great V owel Shift

Embedding

A diachronic view of language (2016 why is diachronic and synchronic an important distinction in linguistics? 10’)

C1 Functions of language (2008)

C5 semantic triangle, symbol/concept/thought/referent

C7 language and society, the influence of power & solidarity;

C7 language and society, taboo/euphemistic words/political correctness

2005

Duality

Langue and parole

C2 p45 Distinctive features (2008 C-100)

Paradigmatic relations (also called associative relation by Saussure)

Speech act theory

Selection restrictions

C8 p181 characteristics of implicature (2007 d-/2009 the theory of it/2014 c-300/2016术语) C12 the three important points of the Prague School (P16 Spark)

C8 the theory of the illocutionary act (2009 C-100/2011C-100)

C5 the referential theory of meaning (2008 same)

C5 Componential analysis, advantages and disadvanges (2007 advantages/2009 c-100/2013 weaknesses)

C1 communicative competence

C7 Language and society, Lakoff/you are what you say

2006

Displacement

Competence and performance

Metalingual function of language

Etic and emic

Enocentric and exocentric constructions

C4 IC analysis, advantages and disadvanges

C12 systemic-functional grammar (2007/2008/2011)

C5 logical semantics

C11 input hypothesis and language learning

2007

Foregrounding (2010 c-200)

Conversational implicature

Allophone

Metalinguistic function (Metalingual function?)

Creativity as a property of language

C2 distinctive feature, definition

C5 Componential analysis, advantages (2005)

C4 endocentric and exocentric constructions, definition (2013 endocentric c-200)

C12 systemic-functional grammar (2006)

C8 relevance theory and Grice’s cooperative principle

C1 Saussure’s langue & parole, Chomsky’s competence & performance: comparison—similarities and differences (2003)

2008

Arbitrariness

Anthropological linguistics (2016)

Bound morpheme

Paradigmatic relation (2005)

Halliday’s material process in systemic functional grammar

C1 Functions of language (2004)

C1 langue and parole, distinctions

C5 the referential theory of meaning (2008)

C2 p45 Distinctive features (2005-d)

C5 seven types of meaning (G.Leech) (2003)

C7 Language and society, relationship

C12 American structuralism (2010 c-100): is a branch of synchronic linguistics that emerged in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. (2016 what is the structural approach to the analysis of language? Please explain with examples)

2009

Arbitrariness at the syntactic level (2008单考anbitrariness/2011/2012the design features/2016)

Macrolinguistics

Foregrounding and grammatical form (2007)

Gradable antonymy

Minimal pairs

C8 the theory of the illocutionary act (2005)

Felicity conditions

C5 Componential analysis (2005 advantages and disadvanges/2007 advantages)

C12 the London School in linguistics (2012 c-100)

C8 p181 the theory of implicature (2007 d-/2005 characteristics): Laurence Horn

Linguistic relativity

C1 Language and parole, distinction (2003 Saussure’s langue & parole, Chomsky’s competence & performance: comparison/2005 d-/2007 same to 2003/2008 langue and parole, distinctions)

2010

C2 P24 Acoustic phonetics

C2 P37 Co-articulation

C2 P41 Free variation (in phonology)

C5 Affective meaning (as is defined by G.Leech)

C3 P54 Derivational affix

Phoneme theory (2016 what is the phoneme theory? 10’)

C5 the integrated theory of meaning (2011 adcantages and disadvantages)

Context of situation (2016 general context effect and specific context effect)

C12 American structuralism (2008 c-200)

C7 sociolinguistics and foreign language teaching, implication

C9 foregrounding and literature study (2007)

2011

C1 Arbitrariness at the syntactic level (2009/2008)

C1 Emotive function of language

C1 Computational linguistics

C2 Minimal pairs (in phonology)

C11 Interlanguage P254 (2014 its functions): the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language.

C1 distinction of competence and performance, relationship between them (2003 Saussure’s langue & parole, Chomsky’s competence & performance: comparison (2005 d-; 2007 same topic; 2008 langue and parole, distinctions; 2009 parole and language, distinction)

C11 requirements of a good test (2016 aptitude test 术语)

C8 a theory of the illocutionary act (2009 C-100/2005C-100)

C12 Halliday functions and structure/c-150 system relationship/the specialty of systemic-functional linguistics (2006/2007/2008)

C5 the integrated theory of meaning, advantages and disadvantages (2010)

2012

C1 The design features of language: arbitrariness, duality, creativity (productivity), displacement

C1 Textual function of language P10

C12 Functional sentence perspective: FSP, Prague School, theme, rhyme

C8 Illocutionary force: extra meaning of the utterances or written text言外之意p175

C8 The relevance theory: Sperber and Wilson (2013/2015 c-350)

C1 Micro-linguistics and macro-linguistics

C1 the reason why competence and performance an important distinction (2003 Saussure’s langue & parole, Chomsky’s competence & performance: comparison (2005 d-; 2007 same topic; 2008 langue and parole, distinctions; 2009 parole and language, distinction; 2011 distinction of competence and performance, relationship between them)

C12 the London School (2009 same)

C12 functionalism in linguistics

2013 (《语法讲义》朱德熙)

C1 The pooh-pooh theory of origin of language (2016)

C3 Bound morphemes

C1 Informative function of language

C6 Cognitive linguistics

C8 Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory (2012)

C2 Suprasegmental features and their functions

C1 Jakobson’s view of the functions of language (2015 C-300)

C4 endocentric constrution c-200 (2007 endocentric and exocentric constructions, definition) C5 Componential analysis, weaknesses (2005 advantages and disadvanges/2007 advantages/2009 c-100)

C12 c1500 functional sentence perspective

Firth’s theory of language

2014

C1 Duality (2005)

C1/C2 Phonology [minimal pairs, free variation]

C1 Computational linguistics (2011)

C2 A minimal pair (2004/2005/2009/2011)

C4 Horizontal relations (or syntactic relations) [Arbitrariness at the syntactic level

C-300

C8 p181 characteristics of implicature (2005/2007 d-/2009 the theory of it)

C11 functions of inter-language (2001 d-)

C4 tree diagram, examples

c-500

C9 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (strong & weak) (2003)

C8 post-Gricean developments in pragatics

2015

C5 Presupposition

C3 Free and bound morphemes (2013/2008/2003)

C12 The innateness hypothesis

C1 Competence and performance (2006/2003)

C9 Text style

C1 Jakobson’s view of the functions of language (2013 C-300)

C9 definition, features and effects of free direct thought

C-350

C8 The relevance theory: Sperber and Wilson (2012/2013) Schemata and inference drawing

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英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang