大学英语期末试卷

XXXXX大学

20 —20 学年度第学期

《基础英语1》期末试卷

学院：班级：20 姓名：学号：

and Grammar (15 points, 1 point for each)

1. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE

(

A. Why don't you do it f or the sake of your friends

B. I wish I could write as well as you.

C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.

D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.

2. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.

A. must have gone

B. should have gone

C. ought to have gone

D. could have gone

3. He feels that he is not yet ____ to travel abroad.

A. too strong

B. enough strong

C. so strong

D. strong enough

4. After____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. there

]

5. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT

A. They each have two tickets.

B. They cost twenty yuan each.

C. Each they have bought the same book.

D. They were given two magazines each.

6. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.

A. the price of three times

B. three times the price

C. as much as the three times price

D. three times more than the price

7. I was very interested in _____ she told me.

A. all that

B. all which

C. all what

D. that

】

8. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.

A. So is it.

B. So it is.

C. So it does .

D. So does it.9. In "How much do you think he earns" how much is ______ of the sentence.

A. the subject

B. the adverbial

C. the object

D. the complement

10. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible

meanings EXCEPT

A. the man who has prepared the documents.

B. the man who has been preparing the documents.

C. the man who is preparing the documents.

D. the man who will prepare the documents.

11. It was in that small room ___ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.

A. what

B. in which

C. which

D. that

12. ___ that the left side of the human brain is responsible for logic.

A. It’s generally believed

B. It is believed generally

C. It generally is believed

D. Generally it is believed

13. Scientists didn’t know much about lung cancer ___.

A. before long

B. long before

C. until recently

D. in the past few years

14. Nobody would believe his words though he said he was ___ of the crime.

!

A. pure

B. clear

C. innocent

D. guilty

15. The university has to ___ the government for more money.

A. call at

B. call on

C. appeal for

D. appeal to

Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions listed below. (15 points, 1 point for each)

resort to cling to give rise to hear of think twice in the first place dawn on in case consist of regard as he same goes for refer to be exposed to keep to oneself burst into

16. Peking University is ____________ the most important school of higher learning in China. It _____________ some of the best faculties in our country.

----------------------------------------装--------------------------------------

订-------------------------------------

线----------------------------------------------------

17. It suddenly _____________ us that _____________ the whole polar ice cap should melt into water, many of our coastal cities would disappear under the sea.

|

18. Both sides are willing to sit down and talk because they know it is stupid ___________ force.

19. It had suddenly started raining when he returned home, wet all over and trembling with his clothes _____________ his body.

20. The heavy rains they had last summer _____________ serious flooding.

21. I have never _____________a true scientist who is afraid of telling the people the truth.

thinks he should ____________ before we agree with the plan to build more water power station in that river.

passion, language learning is a very difficult . In fact, we shouldn’t have come to this school ____________ , if we were not interested in language.

requires our education see to it that our students are well ________foreign cultures.

man needs a rest. ________economy. You can’t expect economy to keep on growing rapidly forever. /

we ________ as “The Palace Museum” today used to be the emperor’s palace. It is also known as the Forbidden City, and was first built in the Ming Dynasty.

never felt at ease in front of strangers when I was a kid. So I usually________ myself.

, the boss________ the room without knocking at the door, wild with anger.

III. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 2 points for each)

Passage One

As Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks,it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

^

For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell.

Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences,but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space,you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.

One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision,we go and ask somebody else.

|

The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer,robots could be good for humanity.

29. What does the author say about the threat of robots

may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.

accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.

30. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author

"

are aggressive.

are outgoing.

are ignorant.

are ill-bred.

do robots learn human values

A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

!

C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.

will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation

A. keep a distance from possible dangers.

B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.

C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.

》

is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code

A. Determine what is moral and ethical.

B. Design some large-scale experiments.

C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.

D. Develop a more sophisticated program.

Passage Two

~

Why do some people live to be older than others You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise,etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance,were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

Personality isn’t destiny（命运）, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

34. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.

A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span

。

B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health

C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life

D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity

35. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people

A. They have a good understanding of evolution.

B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.

C. They generally appear more resourceful.

~D. They are more likely to get over hardship.

36. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation

A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.

B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.

C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.

D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.

,

37. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show

A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.

C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.

D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.

38. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies

A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.

￥

B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.

C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.

D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.

VI. Translate the following sentences (30 points, 3 points for each)

Into English:

39.因为没有更好的词，我们姑且称之为“走后门主义”吧。

40.你最好带一件厚一点的外衣，以防天气突然变冷。

$

41.成功不仅取决于你做什么，也取决于你不做什么。

42.有意思的是，并不是所有人都已认识到，假如我们不提高我们的教育水平，我们将永远落后于其他国家。

43.我们的政府发言人对最近被海盗劫持的两位中国工程师深表关切。

Into Chinese:

44. Strong as we might be some day, we must never become arrogant. We should continue to pursue the policy of peaceful co-existence among nations.

45. I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful. Isn’t that the most shameful thing that we have been incapable of feeling ashamed

46. It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet.

47. That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to everybody. But no one regretted this move.

48. There aren’t many pe ople who still cling to the idea that man should conquer nature rather than live in harmony with it.

V. Writing (20 points)

Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic.

Detailed descriptions of crimes are often given in the newspaper or on the TV. Some people think it has bad consequences on the society and so should be restricted. To what extent do you agree or disagree Why

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2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物 主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。The sun，the moon，the earth 3．表示地点、方向、时间、方式等at the corner 在拐角处 1）在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。In spring 在春天 2) 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。In the summer of the year2008 3）用于序数词或形容词的最高级前the first the second 4）用于形容词前使其名词化the rich the poor 5）用于复数姓氏前，表示―夫妇‖或全家The Smiths 6）用于乐器名词前 Play the piano 7）用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound 1. 用于复数名词前 复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。 2. 用于不可数名词前 不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。如：Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。 Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。 3.用于专有名词前 在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。如：