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语言学教程第三章练习1

语言学教程第三章练习1
语言学教程第三章练习1

Chapter 3 Lexicon

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1 Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.

A. lexical words

B. grammatical words

C. function words

D. form words

2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional

B. free

C. bound

D. derivational

3. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. stems

5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.

A. derivational affix

B. inflectional affix

C. infix

D. back-formation

6. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.

A. affixation

B. back-formation

C. insertion

D. addition

7. The word TB is formed in the way of __________.

A. acronymy

B. clipping

C. initialism

D. blending

8. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.

A. blending

B. clipping

C. back-formation

D. acronymy

9. The stem of disagreements is __________.

A. agreement

B. agree

C. disagree

D. disagreement

10. All of them are meaningful except for __________.

A. lexeme

B. phoneme

C. morpheme

D. Allomorph

II.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.

12. Fore as in foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme.

13. Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.

14. In most cases, prefixes change the meaning of the base whereas suffixes change the word-class of the base.

15. Conversion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.

16. Reduplicative compound is formed by repeating the same morpheme of a word.

17. The words whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way of onomatopoeia.

18. In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes.

19. Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations.

20. Inflection is a particular way of word-formations.

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

21. An initialism is pronounced letter by letter, while an acronym is pronounced as a word

22. Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with vocabulary.

23. Orthographically, compounds are written in three ways: solid, hyphenated and open

24. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.

25. A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to close class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belongs to open class.

26. Back-formation is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.

27.Conversion is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.

28. Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the morpheme level.

29. A word formed by derivation is called a derivative, and a word formed by compounding is called a compound.

30. Bound morphemes are classified into two types: affix and bound root.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Blending

32. Allomorph

33. Closed-class word

34. Morphological rule

31. Blending: It is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like newscast (news + broadcast), brunch (breakfast + lunch)

32. Allomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.

33. Close-class word: It is a word whose membership is fixed or limited. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. are all closed-class words.

34. Morphological rule: It is the rule that governs which affix can be added to what type of base to form a new word, e.g. –ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective. V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they?

36.What are the main features of the English compounds?

VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

37. Match the terms under COLUMN I with the underlined forms from COLUMN II

I II

(1) acronym a. foe

(2) free morpheme b. subconscious

(3) derivational morpheme c. UNESCO

(4) inflectional morpheme d. overwhelmed

(5) prefix e. calculation

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语言学教程胡壮麟主编

Contents ?Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Chapter 2 Speech Sounds(Phonetics) Chapter 3 From Morpheme to Phrase (Morphology) Chapter 4 From Word to Text(Syntax) Chapter 5 Meaning(Semantics) Chapter 6 Language and Cognition ?Chapter 8 Language in Use(Pragmatics)

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics ?1.1 Why study linguistics? ?1.2 What is language? ?1.3 Features of language ?1.4. Origin of language ?1.5. Functions of language ?1.6. What is linguistics ?1.7 Main branches of linguistics ?1.8. Macrolinguistics ?1.9 Important distinctions in linguistics

Lead-in ?Qestion1: Other animals can beat us in many different ways, but what makes us superior to all of them? ?Qestion2: Why are children easy to undrstand their mother's tongue??Qestion3: Why do people in different social classes speak in different ways??Qestion4: Why is it "I love you" in English, but "私はあなたを愛して" in Japanese?

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