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2011年山东专升本英语必考词汇

2011年山东专升本英语必考词汇
2011年山东专升本英语必考词汇

1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/disability

able的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。

比较:be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth.

2. 动词词缀:en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-en

enable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/widen/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/l engthen

3. abandon vt. 放弃,抛弃,放纵

abandon oneself to 纵情于,沉溺于(=be addicted to)

4. aboard adv. 在船(车)上,上船

abroad adv. 在国外,到国外

board n. 木板on board 在船上

broad adj. 宽的,宽阔的

5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的(反:present)

6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的

7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引

be absorbed in 全神贯注于

8. abundant adj. 丰富的,大量的(=plentiful)

9. access n. 通路, 接近,入门

have access to 接近,有权使用

e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library.

10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故

by accident 偶然(=by chance)(on purpose 故意)

11. accompany vt. 陪伴,陪同

12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现~ the task

accomplishment n. 成就

13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明,解释

on account of 由于

take... into account 考虑到(= take…into consideration)

account for 解释,说明

14. accuse vt. 指责,控告

accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人

(同:charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人)

Charge :要价收费;

e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail.

His mother charged him with being lazy.

15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到

achievement n. 成就, 功绩

16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动

take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事(同:take measures to do sth.)

17. actor n. 男演员→actress n. 女演员

类似:waitress(女侍者,女服务生), hostess(女主人), princess(公主,王妃)

18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编

adapt oneself to sth. 适应(= adjust oneself to sth.)

e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country.

比较:adopt vt. 采用, 收养

19. advance n. 前进, 提升v. 前进, 提前

in advance 预先,提前

20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件(反:disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点)

have an advantage over 胜过,占优势

take advantage of 利用

21. advertise v. 为…做广告

advertisement/ad n. 广告

22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告

advise sb. to do sth. 劝说(强调动作)

persuade sb. to do sth. 说服(强调结果)

注意:advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句,需使用should 型虚拟语气。

advice n. 忠告, 建议

23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起

~ sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.)

~ to do sth.

24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成

agree with sb.

agree on sth. (经过讨论后)就…达成一致

agree to sth. (plan, proposal, etc.)

agreement n. 同意, 一致in ~ with 与…一致

disagree vi. 不一致,有分歧

25. aim at 以…为目标,旨在

26. allow vt. 允许~ sb. to do sth. (=permit sb. to do sth.)

27. alternative n. 可供选择的办法, 抉择

have no ~ but to do 别无选择,只得…(= have no choice but to do)

比较:have nothing to do but do

28. amaze/astonish/surprise/shock vt. 使吃惊

~ed ~ing

29. ambition n. 野心, 雄心

ambitious adj. 有雄心的, 野心勃勃的

30. amuse vt. 娱乐,消遣~ment n.

~ sb. with sth. 用某物逗/取悦某人

~ oneself by doing sth. 做某事来消遣

31. analyze vt. 分析, 分解analysis analyst

32. ancient adj. 远古的,古代的~ times

33. anniversary n. 周年纪念twentieth ~

annual adj. 每年的,年度的

34. anxious adj. 焦虑的,担心的

be ~ about/for sth. 对…感到忧虑

be ~ to do sth. 渴望做某事(=be eager to do =long to do)

anxiety n.

35. apology n. 道歉make an ~ to sb. for sth.

apologize v. 道歉~ to sb. for sth.

36. appeal v. 呼吁,恳求

~ to sb. to do sth.

37. apply vt. 申请, 应用

~ (to sb.) for sth. 申请

~ sth. to (someplace) 应用

application applicant

38. appoint vt. 约定, 任命

appointment n. 约会,约定(因工作需要)

比较:date (男女约会)

39. appreciate vt. 赏识, 鉴赏, 感激

40. approach vt. 接近n. 接近,方法, 步骤

41. appropriate adj. 适当的,恰当的

42. approve vt. 赞成,批准

~ of 赞同,赞成

~ment dis~

43. arise vi. 出现, 发生

rise vi. 升起, 上升

arouse vt. 唤醒, 唤起~ one’s curiosity, consciousness

raise vt. 抬起,举起

44. arrest vt./ n. 逮捕, 拘留

under ~ 被拘捕

45. artificial adj. 人造的, 假的(反:natural, genuine)

46. assign vt. 分配, 指派

~ sb. to do sth. 分派某人做某事

~ sth. to sb. 分派某事给某人

47. associate vt. 使发生联系, 使联合

~ ... with... e.g. She always associated happiness with having money.

48. assure vt. 向…保证~ sb. that... e.g. He assured us that the train would be on time.

使确信~ sb. of sth. e.g. He assured her of his love.

ensure vt. 确保, 确保~ sb. sth. 确保某人获得某物

e.g. These pills will ~ you a good night’s sleep.

insure vt. 给...保险~ sb. insurance n.

确保~ sth. e.g. His talent and dedication will ~ his success.

49. attach vt. 系,贴, 附加

~... to... 把…贴上,放到…上

~ importance/significance to 强调,看重(介词不用on)

50. attack vt./n. 进攻, 攻击under ~

51. attempt vt./n. 尝试, 企图

~ to do 企图,努力

in an ~ to do 试图,力图

52. attention n. 注意, 关心pay ~ to sth.

53. attract vt. 吸引attractive adj. attraction n. distract (反,v.)

54. authority n. 权威, 威信, 权威人士(pl.) the authorities 当局,官方author n. 作者,作家

authoritative adj. 权威的, 有权威的

authorize v. 批准,授权~ sb. to do sth.

55. automatic adj. 自动的, 无意识的, 机械的

automobile n. 汽车(=motor car)

56. available adj. 能得到的, 可利用的

57. average n. 平均on ~ 平均

58. avoid vt. 避免, 消除

avoidable adj. 可避免的unavoidable/inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然的

59. await vt. 等候(=wait for)

60. award n. 奖品vt. 授予be awarded sth.

reward vt./n. 报答, 奖赏

~ sb. for sth. 因…而报答某人

~ sb. with sth. 用…酬劳某人

in ~ for 作为对…回报

61. aware/conscious adj. 知道的, 明白的, 意识到的

be ~ of 意识到

62. awkward adj. 笨拙的,尴尬的

63. bachelor n. 单身汉, 文理学士 a ~’s degree 学士学位(master, doctor)

64. backward adv./adj.向后地(的)

~ward 向…的forward, upward, downward

65. balance n. 天平, 平衡

keep one’s ~ lose ~

66. bare adj. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的(身体局部) ~ feet, arm, head

naked adj. 裸体的, 无遮盖的(全身)

67. base n. 基础, 根据地, 基地(具体的事物)

vt. 以...作基础be based on 建立在…基础上

basis n. 基础, 基本, 根据on the ~ of (theory, experiment) (抽象的事物) basic adj. 基本的

68. bear n.熊v.负担, 忍受~ sth. in mind 记住

69. beat v. 打, 打败

70. behalf n. 利益,支持on behalf of 代表

71. behave vi. 举动, 举止~ oneself 举止得体

behavior n. 举止, 行为

72. believe v.相信believe in 信任,信仰

belief n. 信任, 信仰

73. belong to 属于(无被动态)e.g. The house belongs to him.

74. benefit n. 利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于

to one’s ~ 对…有利

~ from 从…受益

75. bitter adj. 痛苦的,严酷的,难受的

76. blame vt. 责备, 谴责

(sb.) be to blame 该受责备

~ sb. for sth. 将…归咎于某人

77. bold adj. 大胆的,勇敢的,莽撞的

78. bore v. 使烦扰boring(物)bored(人)

79. bound adj. 有义务的,注定的be ~ to do 一定要,注定要

adj. 开往...去的be ~ for spl.

80. boundary n. 边界, 分界线(表明一区域外缘的明显的,具有限制作用的线) border n. 边界, 国界(两国之间的边界线,有分割政治实体的作用)

81. brief adj. 简短的, 短暂的in ~ 简而言之(=in one word, to conclude, to be simple)

82. business n. 商业, 交易, 事务

on ~ 因公事,出差

It’s none of your ~. 与你无关

83. calm adj.平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息

84. campaign n. 战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动(强调有目的的大规模军事行动)

battle 一场战役中的一次战斗

struggle 侧重政治和精神斗争

conflict 指武力或思想上的冲突

champion n. 冠军champagne n. 香槟酒

85. campus n. 校园on ~

schoolyard n. 校园, 运动场in the ~

86. cancel vt. 取消, 删去

87. candidate n. 候选人

88. capture vt. 俘获, 捕获

89. career n. 事业, 生涯,指终生从事的事业。

job 暗示可获得报酬的工作。

work 覆盖范围最广,不可数名词。

profession 强调受过高等教育才能担任的职务。

90. case n. 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合

in ~ of 万一,在…情况下

in no case 决不(=under no circumstances, by no means,置于句首,采用倒装句式)

91. cash n. 现金to pay in cash 用现金支付

92. casual adj. 偶然的, 随便的, 临时的

93. celebrate v. 庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬celebration n.

94. ceremony n. 典礼, 仪式

95. certificate n. 证书, 证明书birth ~ 出生证明marriage ~ 结婚证

96. challenge n. 挑战vt. 向...挑战

challenging adj. 富有挑战性的

97. charge v. 掌管, 控诉, 收费

free of ~ 免费

in charge of 负责,掌管

in the charge of 由…负责,掌管

charge sb. with sth. 控告(=accuse sb. of sth.)

98. cheat v. 欺骗, 骗取

cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事

cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人某物

99. check in 登记入住check out 付账后离开

100. chief adj. 主要的, 首要的, 首席的

101. choice n. 选择, 抉择

have no ~ but to do sth. 别无选择,只能做某事(=have no alternative but to do)choose v. 选择, 选定

102. classify vt. 分类, 分等classification n.

103. clarify v. 澄清, 阐明clear adj.

104. client n. 客户, 委托人

105. climate n. 气候(某地区固有的天气状况)

weather n. 天气(某地区短时间内的天气变化)

106. coach n. 长途汽车, 教练v. 训练, 指导

107. colleague n. 同事, 同僚

比较:college n. (综合大学中的)学院

108. combine v. (使)联合, (使)结合combination n.

~ A with B ~ A and B

109. comfort n./ vt. 安慰

discomfort n. 不舒适

comfortable adj. 舒服的

uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的

110. command n. 命令, 掌握

under one’s ~ 在…的控制/掌握之下

111. comment n./vi. 评论

~ on sth. 对…作评论

112. commit vt. 犯(错误), 干(坏事),承诺

~ suicide, murder, mistake, error

be committed to do sth. 承诺做某事

113. committee n. 委员会(为集合名词,看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作个体时,谓语动词用复数。又如:class, police, group等。)

114. common adj. 共同的, 公共的

have much/little/nothing in ~ 有很多(很少/没有)共同之处

~ sense 常识

115. communicate v. 沟通, 通信,传达communication n.

~ with sb. 和某人交流

116. compare v. 比较, 相比(包括similarity和difference)

~ A with B 将A与B进行比较

~ A to B 将A与B进行比较;将A比作B(侧重此义)

e.g. Poets often compare death to sleep.

contrast vt. 使与...对比, 使与...对照(侧重difference)

117. compensate v. 偿还, 补偿

118. compete vi. 比赛, 竞争~ with/against sb. for sth.

competition n. 竞争, 竞赛

competitive adj. 竞争的

competitor n. 竞争者

competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的

119. complain v. 抱怨, 悲叹,埋怨

complaint n. 抱怨,投诉letter of ~ 投诉信

explain v. 解释→explanation n.

120. complex adj. 复杂的, 综合的(一般结构上复杂)

complicated adj. 复杂的, 难解的(不仅结构上复杂,而且在理解上也很难)121. compose v. 组成, 写作

be ~ed of 由…构成(=be made up of =consist of)

component n. 成分,元件,组件

composition n. 构成,作文

122. compromise n./v. 妥协, 折衷

123. concentrate v. 集中, 浓缩~ on 集中精力于

124. concept n. 观念, 概念

125. concern vt./n. 涉及, (利害)关系, 关心

as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就…而言

be ~ed about 关心

be ~ed with 牵涉到

126. conclude v. 结束, 终止, 作出结论to ~ 总而言之

conclusion n. 结论draw/come to a ~ 得出结论

127. confess v. 承认, 坦白, 忏悔

~ to (doing) sth. 承认/供认做了(坏事)

128. confidence n. 信心have ~ in 对…有信心

confident adj. 自信的, 确信的be ~ of 对…有信心

类比:take pride in/be proud of 为…感到骄傲

129. confront vt. 使面临, 对抗

be ~ed with 面对,面临(=face up to)

130. confuse vt.使迷惑, 使糊涂confusion n.

~ed, ~ing

131. congratulate vt. 祝贺, 庆贺

~ sb. on sth.

132. considerable adj. 相当大(或多)的, 相当可观的

considerate adj. 考虑周到的, 体谅的

133. construct vt. 建造, 构造

construction n.

destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭

destroy v.

134. consult v. 咨询,请教,查阅

~ reference books, dictionary, authority

~ with sb. 与…商量

135. consume vt. 消耗, 消费

consumer n. 消费者

consumption n. 消费, 消费量

136. content n. 内容,目录(pl.)

adj. 满足的, 满意的

137. contrary adj. 相反的, 逆的

on the ~ 恰恰相反

138. contact vt./n. 接触, 联系

contract n. 合同, 契约

contrast vi./n. 对比, 对照

139. contribute v. 贡献,捐助,投稿contribution n.

~ to sth. 导致(=lead to)

140. control n./vt. 控制, 支配

out of ~ 失去控制

under ~ 处于控制之下

141. convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的

inconvenient adj.

convenience n.

142. convince v. 使确信,使信服

~ sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

143. cooperate vi. 合作, 协作~ with sb. 与…合作

cooperation n. 合作, 协作

corporation n. 公司, 企业

144. cope vi. 应付, 处理

~ with应付, 处理(=deal with, do with)

145. cost n. 成本, 价钱, 代价

at all costs 无论如何

at the cost of 以…为代价

146. count on/depend on/rely on 依靠, 指望

147. courage n. 勇气, 精神

discourage vt. 使气馁, 阻碍

encourage vt. 鼓励~ sb. to do sth.

courageous adj. 勇敢的, 有胆量的

148. create vt. 创造, 创作

creative adj. 创造性的

creation n. 创造, 创作物

149. critical adj. 批评的(源自criticize), 危急的(源自crisis) 比较:crucial adj. 至关紧要的,决定性的

150. current adj. 当前的,流行的~ affairs时事~ fashion 流行时尚n. 电流, 水流, 气流

151. daily adj. 每日的, 日常的

n. 日报

152. danger n. 危险, 危险物

in ~ 处于危险中

dangerous adj.

153. data n. 资料, 数据datum(单数)

类似:media n. 媒体medium(单数)

154. deadline n. 最终期限

155. deaf adj. 聋的

turn a ~ ear to sb./sth. 对…充耳不闻

156. deceive v. 欺骗, 行骗

~ sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事(=cheat sb. into doing sth.)

157. decide v. 决定~ to do sth. 决定做某事

decision n. 决定, 决心make a ~ to do sth. 决定做某事

decisive adj. 决定性的(=crucial) play a ~ role in sth. 在…中起到重要作用158. decrease v. 减少increase vt. 增加, 加大

159. degree: to some/a certain degree(extent)在某种程度上

160. deliberately adv. 故意地(= on purpose)

161. delicious adj. 美味的,可口的品牌“得利斯”为音译

162. delight n. 快乐, 高兴

take a ~ in 以…为乐

be ~ed to do 高兴去做

163. deliver vt. 递送, 投递,发表(演说)

~ sth. to sb. 将某物交给某人

~ a message 传话,带信

~ a speech 发表演说

164. demand n. 要求, 需求

in ~ 非常需要,受欢迎的

meet the demand of sb. 满足某人的需要

165. depend vi. 依靠, 依赖(count on/depend on/rely on 依靠, 指望)dependent adj. 依靠的, 依赖的be ~ on sth.

dependence n. 依靠, 依赖

independent adj. 独立自主的

independence n. 独立, 自主

166. derive vt. 得自,获得~ sth. from... e.g. ~ a conclusion from facts

vi. 起源~ from... e.g. Many English words ~ from Latin.

比较:deprive vt. 剥夺, 使丧失~ sb. of sth.

167. describe vt. 描写, 记述, 形容

description n. 描写, 记述beyond ~ 难以形容

168. deserve vt. 应受, 值得后接动名词的主动形式,表达被动意义。

e.g. What he did yesterday deservers praising. (他昨天的所作所为值得表扬。)

类似:need repairing (=need to be repaired)

169. destination n. 目的地

170. detail n. 细节, 详情

in ~ 详细地

go into ~(s) 逐一说明,详细叙述

171. detect vt. 察觉, 发觉, 侦查

detection n. 察觉, 发觉

detective n. 侦探

172. determine v. 决定, 确定(=decide) ~ to do sth. /be ~ed to do sth.

determination n. 决定, 决心make a ~ to do sth.

173. devote vt. 投入于, 献身

~ oneself/one’s life to sth. 致力于,献身于

~ sth. to sb. 将…献给某人~ his new book to his mother

174. difference n. 差异, 差别

make a ~ 有影响

make no ~ 没有差别,没有影响

175. difficulty n. 困难, 难点

in ~ 处于困境中

with ~ 困难地,吃力地

have ~/trouble in doing sth. 做某人有困难

176. disappoint vt. 使失望

~ ment n. ~ed ~ing

be ~ed with/about sth. 对…感到失望

be ~ed to do sth. 很失望地去做某事

177. disaster n. 灾难, 天灾, 灾祸

178. discipline n. 纪律

179. disgust n./vi. 厌恶, 反感

in ~ 厌恶地

be ~ed with/at 对…感到厌恶

180. disorder n. 杂乱, 混乱

in ~ 混乱

fall into ~ 陷入混乱

181. display vt. 陈列, 展览

on ~ 在展览中

182. distinguish v. 区别, 辨别

~ A from B 将A和B区分开(=tell from)

183. distinct adj. 清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的, 独特的

be ~ from 与…截然不同

distinction n. 差别,区别

184. domestic adj. 家庭的, 国内的(反:foreign)

185. dominate v. 支配, 占优势

dominant adj. 占优势的, 支配的

186. dramatic adj. 戏剧性的,引人注目的,夸张的

drama n. 戏剧

187. drown v. 溺死, 淹死

~ oneself in 埋头于

188. due adj. 到期的,预期的

due to 由于,因为(= owing to, because of, thanks to)

189. ease n. 安逸, 悠闲

with ~ 容易地

(feel) at ~ 感到舒适

同根词:easy(容易的, 舒适的), uneasy(不安的,不舒服的), disease(疾病) 190. economic adj. 经济(上)的, 经济学的

economical adj. 节约的, 经济的

同根词:economy, economist

191. edge n. 利刃, 边缘

on the ~ of 在…的边缘

192. effect n. 结果, 效果

bring into ~ 实施

come/go into effect 开始生效

have an effect on 对…有效果

affect vt. 影响, 感动

effective adj. 有效的, 生效的

efficient adj. 有效率的, 能干的

193. effort n. 努力

make an ~ to do sth. 努力去做某事

194. eliminate vt. 排除, 消除(=get rid of, remove)

195. embarrass vt. 使困窘

同根词:~ment, ~ed, ~ing

196. emerge vi. 出现, 浮现

emergency n. 紧急情况, 突然事件

emergent adj. 紧急的

197. emotion n. 情绪, 情感

emotional adj. 情绪的, 情感的,情绪化的~ crisis, person

198. emphasis n. 强调, 重点put/lay/place great/much ~ on 看重,着重emphasize v.

199. employ vt. 雇用

同根词:employer(雇员)/employee(雇主)

employment(就业)/unemployment(失业)

200. encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到

201. endure v. 耐久, 忍耐(=bear, stand, tolerate, put up with)

endurance n. 忍耐

202. engage vt. 使从事于, 使参加

be engaged in 从事于, 忙于(=be absorbed in)

203. enhance vt. 提高, 增强(+ value, beauty, or reputation)

204. enormous adj. 巨大的, 庞大的

205. entertain vt. 娱乐, 招待

entertainment n. 款待, 娱乐

206. enthusiasm n. 热情, 热心, 积极性~ for sth. 对…有热情enthusiastic adj. 热心的, 热情的

207. environment n. 环境, 外界

208. equivalent adj. 相等的, 相当的

be ~ to 相当于,等同于 e.g. The British Parliament is ~ to American Congress.

209. equip vt. 装备, 配备be equipped with 装备, 配备

equipment n. 装备, 设备

210. era n. 时代, 纪元information ~ 信息时代 a new ~ 新纪元211. essential adj. 必要的,必须的,本质的

注意:It is ~ that...句型中的从句中需要使用should型虚拟语气。212. establish vt. 建立, 设立

213. estimate v. 估计, 估价

~ at 估计…达到 e.g. We estimated his income at $9,000 a year. 214. eventually adv. 最后, 终于(=finally, at last, ultimately)

215. evidence n. 明显, 证据

evident adj. 明显的, 显然的(=obvious)

216. exact adj. 精确的, 准确的

to be ~ 确切地

217. exchange vt./n. 交换, 调换

in ~ for 交换

218. exclude vt. 把...排除在外, 排斥

include vt. 包括, 包含

219. executive adj. 实行的, 执行的, 行政的

CEO = chief executive officer (首席执行官)

220. exhausted adj. 疲劳的, 疲惫的(=tired, worn out)

221. expense n. 费用, 代价expensive adj.

at one’s ~ 牺牲某人

at the ~ of 以…为代价(=at the cost of)

222. export n./v. 出口

import n./v. 进口

223. facility n. 便利, (pl.)设备teaching facilities 教学设施224. factor n. 因素, 要素

225. fame n. 名声, 名望(=reputation名誉, 名声)famous adj. 著名的, 出名的be ~ for 因…而出名

226. familiar adj. 熟悉的, 常见的

be ~ with sth./sb. 熟悉,精通

be ~ to sb. 为某人所熟知

227. fancy vt. 想象n. 爱好

take a ~ to sth. 喜欢上某物

have a ~ for sth. 爱好某物

228. fashion n. 流行, 风尚

be in ~ 正在流行

be out of ~ 不再流行

fashionable adj. 流行的, 时髦的

229. fatal adj. 致命的, 重大的(=deadly,mortal)

230. fault n. 过错, 缺点

find ~ with sb. 挑某人的错

231. favor n. 好感, 赞同,恩惠

in ~ of 赞同

do sb. a ~ 帮某人的忙

232. fetch vt. (去)拿来, (去)取来~ a doctor 去请医生比较:take带走bring带来

233. fierce adj.猛烈的, 激烈的,热烈的~ competition 234. figure n. 外形, 数字, 人物

~ out 计算出,弄明白

235. flexible adj. 灵活的

236. fluent adj. 流利的, 流畅的

fluency n.

237. focus v. 集中,聚焦

~ on 集中于,聚焦于

~ one’s attention on sth. 集中精力于某事

238. fond adj. 喜爱的,喜欢的

be ~ of 喜爱

239. forbid vt. 禁止, 不许

~ sb. to do sth. 禁止/不许某人做某事

~ sth. 禁止某事 e.g. ~ smoking on trains

240. forgive vt. 原谅, 饶恕

~ and forget 不计前嫌

241. formal adj. 正式的

informal adj. 非正式的

比较:former adj. 从前的, 以前的

242. fortune n. 财富, 运气

make a ~ 发财

同根词:fortunate, unfortunate, ~ly

243. found v. 建立, 创立, 创办

(founded, founded) e.g. The CPC was founded in 1921.

(find, found, found 发现)

244. frank adj. 坦白的, 率直的

to be ~ 坦白地说(=frankly speaking)

245. frustrate v. 挫败,使沮丧

frustration n.

~ing ~ed

246. fulfill vt. 履行, 实现, 完成

~ the task, mission, promise

247. furniture n. 家具(总称)

一件家具:a piece of ~

248. gap n. 缺口, 裂口, 差距

generation ~ 代沟

249. generate vt. 产生, 发生

250. generous adj. 慷慨的, 大方的

generosity n.

251. genius n. 天才, 天赋(=talent, gift)

252. genuine adj. 真的, 真正的~ leather 真皮

(反:artificial adj. 人造的, 假的)

253. giant n. 巨人adj. 庞大的, 巨大的

音译商标:奇安特(运动鞋),捷安特(自行车)

254. glory n. 荣誉, 光荣

glorious adj. 光荣的, 显赫的

255. grace n. 优美, 雅致, 优雅

graceful adj. 优美的

256. gratitude n. 感激,谢意

show ~ for sb. 向…表示谢意

257. greedy adj. 贪吃的, 贪婪的

be ~ for sth. 对…贪心

258. guarantee n./vt. 保证, 担保,保证书

259. guard n. 守卫vt. 保卫, 看守

be on ~ 看守

~ against 预防

260. guide n.导游, 向导vt. 指导, 带领

guidance n. 指导, 领导

under the ~ of 在…的指导下

261. guilty adj.有罪的, 内疚的

innocent adj. 清白的, 无罪的, 天真的

262. habit n. 习惯, 习性

get into the ~ of 养成…的习惯

263. halt n./vt. 停止, 暂停, 中断

come to a ~ 停下来

264. handle n. 把手vt. 处理(=deal with), 操作

265. hardly adv. 简直不, 几乎不

为否定副词,置于句首时,句子需要进行部分倒装。类似的还有:barely, scarcely, seldom, rarely。

hardly...when... 一…就…(=no sooner... than...)

e.g. Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.

266. haste n. 匆忙, 急忙

in ~ 急速地,草率地

欲速则不达:More haste, less speed. 或Haste makes waste.

267. hatred n. 憎恨, 仇恨

hate v.

268. health n. 健康

healthy adj. 健康的

类似:wealth/wealthy

269. hesitate v. 犹豫, 踌躇

~ to do sth. 对做某事犹豫不决

~ about dong sth. 对做某事犹豫不决

同根词:hesitation n. hesitant adj.

270. highlight n. 最精彩、最重要的部分

271. honor n. 尊敬, 敬意

in ~ of 向…表示敬意

honorable adj. 荣誉的, 光荣的

272. hostile adj. 敌对的, 敌方的

be ~ to 对…有敌意

273. humble adj. 卑微的, 谦逊的

e.g. Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.

(知识使人谦虚,无知使人骄傲。)

274. humor n. 幽默, 诙谐

humorous adj. 幽默的,滑稽的, 诙谐的

275. hunt v. 打猎, 搜索, 搜寻

go hunting 打猎

job hunting 找工作

hunt for a job 找工作(=seek a job)

276. ideal adj. 理想的, 完美的(=perfect)

277. identify vt. 识别, 鉴别

identification n. 辨认, 鉴定

identity n. 身份

ID card 身份证

278. idle adj. 空闲的, 懒惰的vi. 虚度, 闲散

~ away 虚度光阴

279. ignore vt. 不理睬, 忽视(=take no notice of,neglect)

ignorance n. 无知

ignorant adj. 无知的

280. illustrate vt. 举例说明, 图解

illustration n. 说明,图解

281. imitate vt. 模仿, 仿效

imitation n.

282. imply vt. 暗示, 意味

implication n. 含意, 暗示

283. impose vt.强加, 征税

~ sth. on sb. 将…强加于… e.g. ~ a heavy tax on peasants

284. impress vt. 盖印, 留下印象

impression n. 印象

leave a (good/bad) ~ on sb. 给某人留下(好/坏)印象

285. incline n. 斜坡vt. 使倾向于

be inclined to sth. 倾向于(观点)

inclination n. 倾向, 爱好

286. individual n. 个人, 个体

adj. 个别的, 单独的

287. infect vt. 传染, 感染

infection n. 传染, 感染

infectious adj. 有传染性的, 易传染的~ diseases 传染病

288. inferior adj. 下等的, 下级的(表示比较时,介词用to,而不用than。)superior adj. 较高的, 上级的

289. inform v. 通知, 告诉

~ sb. of sth. 通知某人某事

keep sb. well informed of sth. 让某人随时了解某事

290. initial adj. 最初的, 词首的

291. injure vt. 损害, 伤害指对人的身体造成的伤害。hurt 指对人的身体或精神造成的伤害。

damage 指损坏某物,但可以修复

destroy 强调彻底毁掉,无法恢复

292. insight n. 洞察力, 见识

~ into sth. 对…的洞察力

293. inspire vt. 鼓舞, 使产生灵感

~ sb. to do sth. 鼓舞/激励某人做某事

inspiration n. 灵感

294. install vt. 安装,设置

295. instance n. 实例,事例

for instance/example 比如,例如

比较:such as

296. instinct n. 本能,直觉

by/on ~ 凭本能,凭直觉

297. insult vt. 侮辱, 凌辱

298. intellectual adj. 智力的n. 知识分子

intelligence n. 智力, 智能

IQ = intelligence quotient 智商

EQ = emotional quotient 情商

299. interfere vi. 干涉, 干预

~ with 干涉

intervene vi. 干涉, 调停,斡旋~ to prevent a fight 300. interval n. 间隔, 距离

at ~s 每隔一段时间(距离)

at the ~ of (five days, three meters, etc.) 每隔…的时间(距离)301. interview vt. 接见, 面试

interviewer 采访者,记者;面试官

interviewee 接受采访者;参加面试者

302. introduce vt. 介绍, 引进

~ ... to ... 将…介绍给

~ sth. into spl. 将…引入/传入某地

303. invest v. 投资,投入

~ (time, money)in 投资

304. investigate v. 调查, 研究(=look into)

investigation n.

305. involve vt. 使卷入,牵涉

~ sb. in sth. 使卷入,牵涉

be ~ed in 卷入,牵涉入

306. isolate vt. 使隔离, 使孤立

~ ... from... 使…与…隔离(=separate from)

isolation n. 隔绝, 孤立

isolated adj. 隔离的,孤立的

307. jealous adj. 嫉妒的, 猜疑的

be ~ of 对…嫉妒

308. joint n. 接合处,关节

adj. 共同的, 联合的~ venture 合资企业~ efforts 共同努力

309. justice n. 正义, 正当

just adj. 正义的, 公正的

justify v. 证明...是正当的

be justified in doing sth. 有理由做某事

310. keen adj. 热心的, 渴望的

be ~ on 喜爱

311. launch vt. 发射, 发起

~ a missile, satellite, rocket 发射导弹、卫星、火箭

~ an attack 发动进攻

~ into doing sth. 开始从事某事

比较:lunch 午餐

312. legal adj. 法律的,合法的,法定的

illegal adj. 违法的

比较:lawful unlawful

313. leisure n. 空闲, 闲暇, 悠闲

at one’s ~ 有空,闲暇时

~ activity 休闲活动

314. lest conj. 唯恐, 以免(=for fear that)

lest引导的状语从句中常使用should型虚拟语气。

e.g. He tiptoed lest the guard should find him. 他踮起脚走路,以免守卫发现他。315. liable adj. 易于...的, 有...倾向的, 很有可能的

be ~ to do sth. 易于...的

e.g. Everyone is ~ to make mistakes when he is tired. 疲劳时易于犯错误。316. license n. 执照, 许可证

business ~ 营业执照driving ~ 驾驶执照

317. lie vi. 躺(lay, lain); v. 说谎(lied, lied)

lie in 在于 e.g. Happiness lies in hard work.

318. local adj. 地方的, 当地的, 局部的

~ government 当地政府local pain 局部疼痛

319. locate vt. 定位, 使...坐落于, 位于

be ~d in 坐落于,位于

location n. 位置

320. lonely adj. 孤独的, 寂寞的(侧重主观感受,心理上的)

alone adj. 单独的, 独自的(侧重客观情况)

e.g. He is alone, but he is not lonely because he has a lot of friends.

321. loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠心的(比较:royal 皇室的)

be ~ to 忠诚于

loyalty n. 忠诚

322. lucky adj. 幸运的, 吉祥的lucky dog 幸运儿

luck n. 幸运,运气

323. maintain vt. 维持, 维修, 主张

maintenance n.

324. major adj. 主要的,较大的

majority n. 多数, 大半

比较:minor adj. 较小的, 次要的minority n. 少数

325. manage vt. 管理, 设法

~ to do 设法并成功做到

比较:try to do 尽力去做,结果未知

attempt to do去做自己希望会成功的事,常常包含冒险的意义。management n. 经营, 管理

manager n. 经理

326. manufacture vt. 制造, 加工

327. mature adj. 成熟的,泛指动植物的成熟。

ripe adj. 成熟的,主要指果实和作物的成熟。

328. means n. 手段, 方法

by ~ of 依靠,通过

329. measure vt.测量n.测量, 措施

take ~s to do sth. 采取措施做某事

take ~s against sth. 采取措施反对某事

330. memory n. 记忆, 记忆力

in ~ of 纪念

memorial adj. 记念的, 记忆的

331. mental adj. 精神的, 智力的

physical adj. 身体的, 物理的

332. mention vt. 提及, 说起

not to ~ 更不用说,更不用提

333. mercy n. 仁慈, 宽恕, 怜悯

at the ~ of 任…处理,任…摆布

show ~ to sb. 对…表示怜悯

have ~ on sb. 怜悯,宽恕

334. miracle n. 奇迹

335. miserable adj. 痛苦的, 悲惨的

misery n. 痛苦, 悲惨

336. mislead vt. 误导,把…引入岐途

前缀mis-意为“错误的”,如misunderstand, misspell, mistake

337. mission n. 使命, 任务

on a ~ 负有使命

338. mobile adj. 可移动的

~ phone 移动电话,手机

339. moderate adj. 中等的, 适度的, 适中的

340. modest adj. 谦虚的, 谦让的

341. mood n. 心情, 情绪

in a good/bad ~ 心情好/不好

342. moral adj. 道德(上)的

比较:mortal adj. 必死的, 致命的

343. motivate v. 激发~ sb. to do sth. 激励某人去做某事

motive n. 动机, 目的

344. multiply v. 繁殖, 乘, 增加

multiple adj. 多样的, 多重的~ choice 多项选择题

multi- 多的multimedia多媒体

345. mutual adj. 相互的, 共有的

~ respect 相互尊敬

346. mystery n. 神秘, 神秘的事物

mysterious adj. 神秘的

347. negative adj. 否定的, 消极的

positive adj. 肯定的, 积极的

348. neglect vt. 忽视, 疏忽

~ one’s duty 玩忽职守

abuse one’s power 滥用职权

349. negotiate v. 商议, 谈判

~ with sb. about/over/on sth. 与某人谈判某事

~ sb. into doing sth. 通过谈判使某人做某事

350. neutral adj. 中立的, 中性的

351. normal adj. 正常的, 正规的

abnormal adj. 反常的, 异常的

352. novel n. 小说, 长篇故事

adj. 新奇的, 新颖的

353. object n. 物体, 目标, 对象

vi. 反对, 抗议

~ to (doing) sth. 反对做某事

354. oblige vt. 迫使,感激

~ sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事(=force sb. to do sth.)

be obliged to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人(=thank sb. for sth.)

obligation n. 义务, 责任

be under an ~ to do sth. 有做某事的义务

355. observe vt. 观察, 遵守,庆祝

~ a child’s behavior 观察孩子的行为

~ the terms of a contract 遵守合同的条款

~ an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念日

356. occupy vt. 占领, 占据

~ oneself in doing sth. 忙着做某事

be occupied with sth. 忙于某事(=be busy with sth.)

occupation n. 占据,职业

357. occur vi. 发生, 出现

It occurs to sb. that... 某人想起了…

An idea/plan/proposal occurs to sb. that... 某人有了一个想法(计划、提议):…

358. odd adj. 奇数的, 单只的,奇怪的

at odds with 与…不一致

odds and ends 零星杂物

odd job 零活

359. operate v. 动手术,操作, 运转

~ on sb. 给某人动手术

360. opinion n. 意见, 看法, 主张

in one’s ~ 在某人看来,据某人的观点

be of the ~ that.... 认为

361. oppose v. 反对, 反抗

be opposed to sth. 反对,使相对

opposition n. 反对, 敌对

opposite adj. 相对的, 对面的on the ~ side of 在…对面

opponent n. 对手, 反对者

362. original adj. 最初的, 原创的,新颖的

~ idea 独到的见解~ painting 原画(真迹)

origin n. 起源, 由来, 出身

363. overcome vt. 战胜, 克服

~ the difficulty, obstacle, etc

364. owe vt. 欠(债等), 把...归功于

~... to... 将…归功于… e.g. ~ his success to good luck

owing to 由于,因为

365. pace n. 步, 步调, 步法

keep ~ with 与…同步(=keep up with)keep ~ with the times 与时俱进set the ~ 起带头作用

366. pain n. 痛苦, 疼痛

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No ~s, no gains. 不劳无获。

painful adj. 疼痛的

367. participate vi. 参与, 参加

~ in 参与,参加

participation n. 参与, 参加

participant n. 参与者

368. particular adj. 特殊的, 特别的, 独特的

in ~ 特别,尤其

be ~ about sth. 对…挑剔的

369. passion n. 激情, 热情

have a ~ for sth. 喜爱

get/fly into a ~ 大怒(=fly into a rage)

370. passive adj. 被动的

active adj. 积极的, 主动的

371. peculiar adj. 特有的, 特殊的

be ~ to 为…所特有 e.g. Language is ~ to mankind.

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英语专升本词汇表 A a [?] art. 一(个);任何一(个) ;每一(个) adequate ['?dikwit] adj. 1. 充足的,足够的 2. 适当的,胜 a. m. [ei'em] (缩)上午,午前 adjective ['??iktiv] n. 形容词 ability [?'bil ?ti] n. 能力;能耐,本领;专门技能,天资 able ['eibl] adj. 有能力的;出色的 adjust [?'??st] v. 1调节,改变. . . 以适应 2. 校正,调整 admire [?d'mai ?] v. 钦佩,赞赏,羡慕 aboard [?'b ?:d] prep. 在船(飞机、车)上;上船(飞机、车) about [?'baut] prep. 关于;对于;在…周围;大约;附近 above [?'b ?v] prep. 在…之上,高于adv. 在上面,以上 abroad [?'br ?:d] adv. 国外,海外;传开 admit [?d'mit] v. 1. 承认,供认 2. 准许. . . 进入,准许. . . adopt [?'d ?pt] v. 1. 收养 2. 采取,采纳,采用 adult ['?d ?lt] n. 成年人 adj. 成年的,充分长成的,成熟的advance [?d'v ɑ:ns] v. 1. 前进,向前移动 2. 取得进展,改 前进,进展 2. 预付,预支 absent ['?bs ?nt] adj. 缺席,不在;心不在焉的 absolute ['?bs ?lu:t] adj. 绝对的,完全的 absorb [?b's ?:b] v. 吸收;吸引…的注意,使全神贯注 abstract ['?bstr?kt] adj. 抽象的 n. 摘要,梗概 v. 提取,抽取 academic [?k ?'demik] adj. 学院的;学术的 accent ['?ks ?nt] n. 口音,腔调;重音,重音符号 accept [?k'sept] v. 接受,领受;同意,认可 access [?k'ses] n. 接近;进入;通道,入口 accident ['?ksid ?nt] n. 意外的事,偶然的事;事故 accompany [?'k ?mp ?ni] v. 陪伴,陪同;伴随,和…一起发生,伴奏 accomplish [?'k ?mpli ?] v. 完成,实现 advanced [?d'v ɑ:nst] adj. 在前面的,先进的,高级的 advantage [?d'v ɑ:nti ?] n. 1. 优点,优势,有利因素 2. 利益 adventure [?d'ven ??] n. 1. 冒险,冒险活动 2. 奇遇 adverb ['?dv ?:b] n. 副词 advertisement [?d'v ?:tizm ?nt] n. (=ad)广告 advice [?d'vais] n. 劝告,忠告,意见 advise [?d'vaiz] v. 劝告,通告,建议 affair [?'f ??] n. 事件 affect [?'fekt] v. 1. 影响 2. [在感情方面] 喜欢 afford [?'f ?:d] v. 1. 买得起,担负得起 2. 提供,给予 afraid [?'freid] adj. 1. 害怕的,恐惧的 2. 犯愁的,不乐意的 Africa ['?frik ?] n. 非洲 according [?'k ?:di ?] adj. 相符的,一致的,相应的 account [?'kaunt] n. 叙述,说明;帐,帐户 v. 作出说明 accurate ['?kjurit] adj. 准确的,精确的 African ['?frik ?n] adj. 非洲的,非洲人的 n. 非洲人 after ['ɑ:ft ?] prep. 在. . . 以后,在. . . 后面 adv. 以后,后 在. . . 以后 accuse [?'kju:z] v. 指控,控告,指责 accustomed [?'k ?st ?md] adj. 习惯的,惯常的(~ to) ache [eik] v. / n. 疼痛 afternoon [7ɑ:ft ?'nu:n] n. 下午,午后 achieve [?'?i:v] v. 完成,实现;达到,得到 achievement [?'?i:vm ?nt] n. 成就,成绩;完成,达到 acquaintance [?'kweint ?ns] n. 1.认识,相识,了解 2.相识的人,熟人 acquire [?'kwai ?] v. 取得,获得,学到 again [?'gein] adv. 再一次,又一次 against [?'genst] prep. 1. 倚在,紧靠着 2. 逆,反(对),违反 和. . . 对比 age [ei ?] n. 1. 年龄 2. 时代,时期 v. 变老 agency ['ei ??nsi] n. 代理(处),代办处 across [?'kr ?s] prep. 横过,穿过;在…的对面 act [?kt] v. 行为,举动;起作用,表演 agent ['ei ??nt] n. 代理人,代理商 action ['?k ??n] n. 行动,行动过程;作用 ago [?'g ?u] adv. 以前 active ['?ktiv] adj. 活跃的,敏捷的,积极的;在活动中的 activity [?k'tiviti] n. 活动,活跃;行动 agree [?'gri:] v. 同意,应允 agreement [?'gri:m ?nt] n. 1. 协定,协议,契约 2. 达成协 agriculture ['?grik ?l ??] n. 农业 actor ['?kt ?] n. 男演员 actress ['?ktris] n. 女演员 ahead [?'hed] adv. 在前,向前,提前 actual ['?ktju ?l] adj. 实际的,事实上的,真实的 adapt [?'d?pt] v. 使适应,使适合;改编,改写 add [?d] v. 添加,增加;把…加起来;进一步说或写 addition [?'di ??n] n. 加,加法;附加物 aid [eid] n. 1. 帮助,援助 2. 助手,辅助手段 v. 帮助,援助aim [eim] v. 1. 把. . . 瞄准,把. . . 对准 2. 致力,旨在 n. 对准2目标,目的 air [??] n. 空气,大气,天空 v. 通风 additional [?'di ??n ?l] adj. 附加的,另外的 address [?'dr ?s] n. 地址,住址;演说,讲话 airline ['??lain] n. 1. 航空公司 2. (飞机的)航线 airplane ['??plein] n. 飞机

(整理)山东专升本英语考试翻译历年真题解析.

词汇的翻译 Experts have long thought that depression could be bad for your heart. A new research demonstrates just how dangerous it can be. 专家们长期以来就认为抑郁症会对心脏有害,最近的一项研究证明了这种危害有多大。 In the end, they found that people with major depression were at least three times as likely to die of heart disease as were patients who weren’t depressed. 最终,他们发现患有严重抑郁症的人死于心脏病的可能性至少是正常人的三倍。 His ignorance of the company’s financial situation resulted in his failure to take effective measures. 他对公司财务状况一无所知,结果未能采取有效措施。 Although some areas suffered from serious natural disasters, the total grain output was higher than that of last year. 虽然有些地区遭受了严重的自然灾害,但是粮食总产量还是比去年高。 For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their border. 由于种种原因,所有国家对通过他们边境的某种商品都强行设置贸易壁垒。 Every employer wants and needs employees who can suggest improvements in an honest and constructive manner. 每位雇主都希望有以诚实积极态度提出改进意见的雇员。 The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person. 本字典提供的单词和词组是每个人都有可能要用的。 As far as an Advertising and Sales Manager is concerned, excellent oral English is also a necessary requirement. 对广告和销售经理而言,娴熟的英语口语能力也是必要的条件。 It is reported that so far, foreign insurance companies have made their way into 19 cities in China. 据报道,迄今为止,外国保险公司已进驻中国19个城市。 Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is low. 空气从压力高的地方向压力低的地方流动。 英文句式的翻译

专升本英语核心词汇

1. able/ability/enable/unable/disable/disabled/dis ability able的同根词用法一致,后接不定式。 比较:be able to do sth. / be capable of (doing) sth. 2. 动词词缀:en-+ adj./n.或adj./n.+/-en enable/enlarge/enrich/encourage/brighten/wid en/worsen/sharpen/strengthen/heighten/length en 3. abandon vt. 放弃,抛弃,放纵abandon oneself to 纵情于,沉溺于(=be addicted to) 4. aboard adv. 在船(车)上,上船abroad adv. 在国外,到国外 board n. 木板on board 在船上 broad adj. 宽的,宽阔的 5. absent adj. 不在的, 缺席的(反:present) 6. absolute adj. 完全的, 绝对的 7. absorb vt. 吸收, 吸引 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 8. abundant adj. 丰富的,大量的(=plentiful) 9. access n. 通路, 接近,入门 have access to 接近,有权使用 e.g. Citizens may have free access to the public library. 10. accident n. 意外事件, 事故 by accident 偶然(=by chance)(on purpose 故意) 11. accompany vt. 陪伴,陪同 12. accomplish vt. 完成, 达到, 实现~ the task accomplishment n. 成就 13. account n. 计算, 帐目, 说明,解释 on account of 由于 take... into account 考虑到(= take…into consideration) account for 解释,说明 14. accuse vt. 指责,控告 accuse sb. of sh. 因某事控告某人 (同:charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人) e.g. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail. His mother charged him with being lazy. 15. achieve vt. 完成, 达到 achievement n. 成就, 功绩 16. action n. 动作, 行动, 举动 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事(同:take measures to do sth.) 17. actor n. 男演员→actress n. 女演员 类似:waitress(女侍者,女服务生), hostess(女主人), princess(公主,王妃)18. adapt vt. 使适应, 改编 adapt oneself to sth. 适应(= adjust oneself to sth.) e.g. He adapted/adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country. 比较:adopt vt. 采用, 收养 19. advance n. 前进, 提升v. 前进, 提前 in advance 预先,提前 20. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件(反:disadvantage n. 不利条件, 缺点)have an advantage over 胜过,占优势 take advantage of 利用 21. advertise v. 为…做广告 advertisement/ad n. 广告 22. advise vt. 劝告, 忠告 advise sb. to do sth. 劝说(强调动作) persuade sb. to do sth. 说服(强调结果)注意:advise的宾语从句或It is advised that结构的主语从句,需使用should型虚拟语气。 advice n. 忠告, 建议 23. afford vt. 买得起, 负担得起 ~ sth. (a new car, vacation, etc.) ~ to do sth. 24. agree vi. 同意, 赞成 agree with sb. agree on sth. (经过讨论后)就…达成一致 agree to sth. (plan, proposal, etc.)

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