中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解（上）

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法

1.提建议的句子：

①What/ how about +doing sth.女口：What/ How about going shopping

②Why don' t you -do sth. 女口：Why don' t you go shopping

③Why not + do sth. 女口：Why not go shopping

④Let ' sdo sth. 女口：Let ' s go shopping

⑤Shall we/ I + do sth. 如: Shall we/ I go shopping

2. first of all 首先

to begin with 一开始

later on后来、随

3. also也而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间

either也（用于否定句）常在句末

too也（用于肯定句）常在句末

4. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生

see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做了或经常做某事女口：

女口：She saw him drawi ng a picture in the classroom也看见他正在教室里画画。

5. too many 许多修饰可数名词女口：too many girls

too much 许多修饰不可数名词女口：too much milk

much too 太修饰形容词女口：much too beautiful

6. used to do sth.过去常常做某事

否定形式：

didn ' t use to do sth.

used not to do sth.

女口：He used to play football after school.放学后他过去常常踢足球。

Did he use to play football Yes, I did. No, didn '. t

He didn ' t use to smok他过去不吸烟。

7. 反意疑问句

①肯定陈述句+否定提问如: Lily is a student,isn ' t she

Lily will go to Chi na,won' t she

②否定陈述句+肯定提问女口：Shedoesn' t comerom China, does she

You haven' t finishehomework, have you

③提问部分用代词而不用名词女口：Lily is a student, isn she' t

④陈述句中含有否定意义的词女如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。

8. be in terested in sth. 对…感兴趣

其反意疑问句用肯定式女口：

He knowslittle English,does he 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗

They hardly understood it, did they 他们几乎不明白，不是吗

take an in terest in

be interested in doing sth. 对做??感兴趣

如:He is interested in math, but he isn ' t interested in speakiEnglish.

他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。

9. interested adj.感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人

interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物

10. in the last few years.在过去的几年内常与完成时连用女口：

I have lived in Chi na in the last few years.在过去的几年内我在中国住。

11. how to swim 怎样游泳

不定式与疑问词连用：

动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：

The questio n is whe n to start.问题是什么时候开始。

I don ' t knowhere to go.我不知道去哪。

I don't know what to do next.. 我不知道下一步做什么。

12. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy

make sb./ sth. + 动词原形make him laugh

13. it seems that + 从句

It seems + adj ..........

It seem + to be

看起来好像 ... 女如: It seems that he has changed a lot.看起来他好像变了许多。

14. 看起来好像--sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad.

it seems that +从句.It seems that he feels very sad.他看起来好像很伤心。

系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持),kept 等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。女口：

They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. sb. with sth. 帮某人某事

help sb. (to ) do sth.帮某人做某事

help sb out 帮某人摆脱困难

help do sth 帮助做某事

help with sth.女口：They help with this problem.

She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。

She helped me (to) study English 她帮助我学习英语。

They help you relax.他们帮助你放松

16. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15 岁的

fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人

fifteen years old 指年龄15 岁女口：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15 岁的男孩Fiftee n-year-olds like to si ng. 15 岁的人喜欢唱歌。

I am fifteen years ol我是15 岁。

17?不再

①no more == no Ion ger 如: I play tennis no more/ I on ger.我不再打网球。

②not …any more == not …any Ion如：

18. 语态:

①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态

主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats.（被动语态）鱼被猫吃。

②被动语态的构成

由助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成

助动词b e有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与b e作为连系动词时完全一样

③被动语态的用法

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

19. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事（主动语态）女口：

Mother allows me to watch TV every ni ght.妈妈允许我每晚看电视。

be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事（被动语态）女口：

LiLy is allowed to go to Qin zhou.莉莉被允许去钦州。

Sb. allow doing sth.某人允许做某事

20. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞

让/使（别人）做某事get sth. done（过去分词） have sth. done女口: I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired.我让别人修好我的车

21. en ough 足够

形容词+ enough女口：beautiful enough 足够漂亮

enough +名词女口：enough food足够食物

enough to 足够??去做… 女口：

I have eno ugh money to go to Beiji ng.我有足够的钱去北京。

She is old en ough to go to schoo 她够大去读书了。

22. 倒装句：

So+助动词（be/do/will/have）/情态动词+主语意为：??也是一样

So + 主语+be/助动词/情态动词是呀,表示赞同别人的观点（陈述语序）Neither + be /助动词/情态动词+主语??也不一样（用于否定句）女口：He has been to

Beijing. So have I.

It ' s a fine day. So it is.

She doesn ' t like eggs. Neither do I.

She is a student. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。

She went to school just now. So did I .她刚才去学校了，我也是

She has finished the work. So have I她已经完成了工作，我也完成了。

She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校，他也是。

the test参加考试

pass the test 通过考试

fail a test考试失败

24. have an opport unity to do sth. 有机会做某事have a chanee of doing sth. 有机

会做某事女口：

I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a cha nee of going to Beiji ng.

25. at least 最少at most 最多

26. 花费take ,cost, spend , pay

sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.

sth. cost (sb.) ...... The book cost (me) 100yua n.

sb. spend …on sth She spent 10days on this book.

sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.

sb. pay …for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.

27. have + 时间段+off 放假，休息女口：have 2 days off

28. reply to 答复某人女口：She replayed to MrGreen.

29. agree with sth. 同意某事女口：I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 同意某人的意见女口：I agree to LiLei.

30. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍如:

Her social life got in the way of her studies.她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。31. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解(中)

中学英语重点词汇和句型用法

32. if引导的非真实性条件状语从句----- 即虚拟语气

通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态。所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。

If引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。

即：（从句）if +主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）, 一般过去时

（主句）主语+would+动词原形过去将来时

如: If I had time, I would go for a walk.

如果我有时间，我就会去散步。（事实上我现在没有时间）

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。（事实上我不是你）

I would say no if some one asked me to be in a movie.

假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。（事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员）

33. a few 与a little的区别，few 与little 的区别

⑴a few 一些修饰可数名词

a little 一些修饰不可数名词两者表肯定意义

女口：He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。

There is a little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。

⑵few少数的修饰可数名词

little少数的修饰不可数名词但两者表否定意义

女口：He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。

There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。

34. hundred, thousand , million, billion（十亿）词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s，反之，则要加s并与of连用，表示数量很多女口：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人女口：hundreds of trees 上百棵树

35. what if +从句如果??怎么办，要是…又怎么样女口：

What if she doesn ' t c要是她不来怎么办

What if LiLei knows如果李雷知道了怎么办

36. ask sb. to do 叫??做某事

ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事

tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事

tell sb. not to do sth.告诉…不要做某事

女口：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.

Teacher asked me not to clea n the classroom.

37. 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语

①由连接词+主语+谓语构成

常由下面的一些词引导：

②由that引导表示陈述意义that可省略

He says （that） he is at home.他说他在家里。

③由if , whether引导表示一般疑问意义（带有是否、已否、对否等）

I don ' t kndf/ whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。

④由连接代词、连接副词（疑问词）引导表示特殊疑问意义

Do you know what he wan ts to buy你知道他想要买什么吗

⑤从句时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时

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否定形式：

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