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李金鹏—托福词汇讲义

单词密码:加、减、换

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9716049311.html,/xdfljp

汉字结构——

单词结构

词的状态词

性+

【例】art

ist

【加】——润滑剂

【加】——润滑剂

元音字母:a、e、i、o、u

pent a gon(五角形)————pent(五)+ a + gon(角)

liqu e fy(液化)——————liqu(液)+ e + fy(…化)

gas i form(气体状的)———gas(气)+ i + form(形状)

mon o logue(独白)————mon(单、独)+ o + logu(说)+ e man u facture(制造)———man(手)+ u+ fact(做)+ ure

【加】——润滑剂

辅音字母:s、c、t

gri s ly(恐怖的,可怕的)——gray + s+ ly

invin c ible(不可战胜的)——in + win + c+ ible

absorp t ion(吸收)————absorb + t+ ion

【加】——双写,无义

sun n y (阳光明媚的)——sun + n+ y

metal l ic(金属的)——metal + l+ ic

red d ish(微红的)——red + d+ ish

【加】

1、

2、双写,无义

【减】去元留辅,辅音互换clarity (清晰)——cl e ar(清晰的)+ i + ty

abbre v iate(缩短)——ad + br i e f(简短的)+ i + ate 【f—v】reco g nize(认出)——re + co + k n ow(知道) + ize【k—g】

【换】

元音互换

1)单个元音字母互换(a、e、i、o、u)do—did—done,begin—began—begun drip—drop gold—gild

n o minate (提名)——n a me+ in e+ ate

cl a mber (吃力地)攀登——cl i mb+ er(反复)

元音互换

2)元音字母组合互换(ea、oo、ee、……)seat—sit heat—hot

food—feed blood—bleed

comb a t(格斗,战斗)——com(一起)+ b ea t(打)

w i ther(枯萎)——————w ea ther(天气)

l ea se(租约,租期)———l oo se(松开)

元音互换

3)半元音互换(y)

ab y ss (深渊,无底洞)——a + b a se(底)+ s

electrol y se(电解)——electr(电)+ o + l oo se(松开)

元音互换

(a=e=i=o=u)=(ea=ee=oo=……)=(y)

辅音互换

1、b—p—m—f(v)

reim b urse(偿还、报销)——re +im +p urse

v ixen (雌狐、泼妇)————f ox + en

m arsupial(有袋目动物)——p urse + up + i + al ca v alry(骑兵部队)—————ca m el + ry

辅音互换

2、c—g—k—h

pi g ment(色素、颜料)——pi c t(ure) + ment

insti g ate(挑起、煽动)——in + sti ck (棍)+ ate k indle(点燃、照亮)———c andle(蜡烛)

uni c orn(独角兽)——uni + h orn(角)

辅音互换3、d—t—s—g

deci d e——deci s ion

permi t——permi s sion

ro d ent(啮齿目动物)——ra t+ ent

rou g e(胭脂,口红)——re d

辅音互换4、s—c—x

x发音:/ek s/

c—s,choo s e——choi c e

con c eal(隐藏,封住)——con + s eal

辅音互换5、U—V—W

W发音:/double U/

U—V形近

v entilate(通风)————w ind + ile + ate

辅音互换

6、n—r—l—m

r——l 扔(r)掉——扔(l)掉

l——n 南(n)京——兰(l)京

n——m n、m形似

特殊辅音h

7、+/-h

平卷舌(c—ch、s—sh、t—th)

c anal(运河)———ch annel(海峡)c—ch

s un(太阳)————sh ine (发光,照耀)s—sh

t ricycle(三轮车)——th ree + cycle(圈)t—th

脱落(h经常不发音,如:hour,honest)

arduous(困难的,费力的)——h ard(困难)+ u + ous

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