academic vocabulary
地理学
geography地理学[??????????] geographer地理学家[??????????] hemisphere半球[ ????????]
meridian子午线/经线[?????????]
parallel平行圈[ ????●?●]
latitude纬线[ ●?????◆??]
longitude经度[ ●???????◆??]
elevation 海拔[ ?●????????]
altitude高度/海拔[ ?●????◆??]
temperate latitudes温带地区
horizon地平线[????????]
equator赤道[????????]
tropic热带地区[ ??????]
Arctic/the north pole北极[ ??????] Antarctic(Antarctica)南极（南极洲）
the Antarctic continent南极洲[??????????] Antarctic circle南极圈
Aurora极光[ ???????]
Tropic of Cancer北回归线[ ?????]
Tropic of Capricorn南回归线[ ?????????] international date line国际日期变更线
time difference时差
expedition探险[ ???????????]
time zone时区
topography地形/地形学[??????????] plain平原
plateau(highland)高地[ ?●???◆]
lowland低地
basin盆地
oasis绿洲[?◆??????]
peak山峰
cavern(cave) 洞穴[ ?????]
terrain地域[ ??????]
subterranean(underground)地底下[?????????????]
coastland沿海地区[ ??????●???] coastline海岸线[ ??◆??●???]
watershed分水岭[ ????????]
upper reaches上游
lower reaches下游
tributary支流[ ?????◆????]
deposit沉积[????????]
spring/fountain泉水[ ??◆????]
iceberg冰山
riverbed河床[ ???????] gulf/bay海湾[???]
waterfall瀑布[ ????????●]
reef暗礁[????]
tide潮水[????]
tropical rain forest热带雨林
island岛屿[ ??●???]
continental island大陆岛[ ??????????●] volcanic island火山岛[ ?●??????]
coral island珊瑚岛[ ????●]
islet小岛[ ??●??]
peninsular半岛[????????◆●?] archipelago群岛[ ???????●???◆] delta三角洲[ ??●??]
landlocked area内陆[ ●???●???]
continent大陆[ ?????????]
inland waterway内陆河[ ??●???] [ ????????]
subcontinent次大陆[ ?????????????] range山脉[??????]
cliff山崖[ ●??]
valley山谷，峡谷[ ??●?]
hillside/mountain slope山坡[???●????] [ ??◆????] [?●?◆?]
continental shelf大陆架[??●?]
canyon峡谷[ ??????]
channel(strait)海峡[ ????●] [??????] remote-sensing遥感的
terrestrial地球的/陆地的[??????????●] terrestrial heat(geothermal)地热[ ???????◆?????●]
terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism)地磁[ ??????????]
[ ?????????????????] continental drift theory大陆漂移学说
sea-floor spreading海床扩展
evaporation蒸发[?????????????] salinity含盐度[???●?????]
ocean bottom海床
sediment沉淀物/沉积物[ ????????]
tropical热带的
temperate温带的[ ????????]
frigid寒带的[ ???????]
formation形成[??????????]
frost heaving冻涨现象[?????]
fieldstone卵石[????●??????]
地质学
geology地质学[?????●????]
geologist地质学家[?????●??????]
stratum(pl:strata) ,layer地层[ ????????] [ ???????] [ ●???]
stratigraphy地层学[????????????]
crust地壳[ ????]
mantle地幔[ ????●]
core地核[ ??]
continental crust大陆地壳[ ????]
oceanic crust海洋地壳[ ?◆???????]
plate板块[?●???]
fault断层[???●?]
fault plane断层面
fault zone断层带[ ?◆?]
rift(crack, split) 断裂[????] [ ???] [??●??]
disintegration(decomposition)分解[????????????????]
[ ??????????????]
erosion腐蚀[????◆???]
fossil化石[ ???●]
outer core外核
igneous rock火成岩[ ??????] [???] metamorphic rock变质岩[ ???????????] volcanic火山岩[ ?●??????]
quartz石英[ ?????]
quartzite石英岩[ ?????????]
sedimentary rock沉积岩[????????????] limestone石灰岩[ ●??????◆?]
granite花岗岩[ ??????]
marble大理石[ ????●]
lithosphere岩石圈[ ●????????]
magma/molten lava岩浆[ ?????] [ ??◆●???] [ ●????]
mineral矿物[ ??????●]
ore矿石[ ????]
deposit矿床[????????]
platinum白金/铂[ ?●??????]
silver银
copper黄铜[ ????]
aluminum铝[??●?◆??????] tin锡[???]
lead铅[●???]
zinc锌[ ???]
nickel镍[ ???●]
mercury汞/水银[ ?????◆??]
sodium钠[ ??◆????]
gem宝石[????]
diamond钻石[ ????????]
emerald绿宝石[ ?????●?]
ruby红宝石[ ?◆???]
the Northern Hemisphere北半球
glacier冰川[ ?●????? ??●????] glacial冰川的[ ?●?????●? ??●???] glacial epoch(age,period)冰川期[ ?????? ?????]
glacial drift冰渍
volcano火山[ ?●??????◆]
active volcano活火山
extinct volcano死火山[?????????]
dormant volcano休眠火山[ ???????] eruption火山喷发[???????n]
crater火山口[ ??????]
lava火山岩浆[ ●????]
volcanic火山的[ ?●??????]
volcanic dust火山尘
volcanic ash火山灰
earthquake(quake, tremor, seism)地震[ ?????] [ ??????]
seismic地震的[ ???????]
seismology地震学[???????●????] geonomy地球学[??????????]
magnitude震级[ ???????◆??]
seismic wave地震波[ ???????]
cataclysm灾变[ ?????●????]
tidal force/tsunami海啸[???◆???????]
melt global warming全球逐渐变暖
aquifer蓄水层
swamp沼泽[ ??????]
vegetation植被[ ????????????]
Great Canyon大峡谷[ ??????]
natural wonder自然景观
Nile River尼罗河[???●]
Colorado river科罗拉多河[ ??●???????◆]
Geologic survey地质调查
Greenwich Mean Time格林尼治时间
[ ???????]
desert沙漠[???????]
coastline海岸线
tributary支流[ ?????◆????]
volcano eruption火山爆发
天文学
astronomy天文学[??????????] astronomical天文的[??????????????●] astronomical observatory天文台[????????????]
planetarium天文馆[?●???????????] astronomer天文学家[?????????????] astrophysics天文物理学[?????????????] astrology占星学[??????●????] pseudoscience伪科学[????? ◆???◆???????]
cosmos(universe)宇宙[ ??????]
infinite无限的[ ???????]
cosmi c宇宙的[ ??????]
cosmic radiation宇宙辐射[ ???????????] cosmic rays宇宙射线
celestial天体的[???●?????●? ???●?????●] celestial body(heavenly body)天体
celestial map(sky atlas)天体图
celestial sphere天球
dwarf(dwarf star)矮星[?????]
quasar类星体[ ???????]
constellation星座[ ??????●?????] galaxy(Milky Way)银河系[ ??●????]
star cluster星团
asterism星群[ ?????????]
solar system太阳系[ ??◆●?] [ ??????] solar corona日冕[ ????◆??]
solar eclipse日食[???●???]
solar radiation太阳辐射[ ???????????] satellite卫星[ ????●???]
planet行星[ ?●????]
comet彗星[ ?????]
planetoid(asteroid)小行星[??●???????] [ ????????]
revolve旋转[?????●?] twinkle闪烁[ ?????●]
naked eye肉眼[ ??????]
Mercury水星[ ?????◆??]
V enus金星[ ??????]
Earth地球
Mars火星[????]
Jupiter木星[ ??◆?????]
Saturn土星[ ????????]
Uranus天王星[ ?◆???????]
Neptune海王星[ ?????◆??]
Pluto冥王星[ ?●◆???◆]
orbit轨道[ ?????]
spin旋转[????]
lunar月球的[ ●?◆???]
meteor流星[ ??????]
meteor shower流星雨[ ??◆?]
meteoroid流星体[ ??????????] meteorite陨石[ ??????????]
space(outer space)太空，外层空间
spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船[ ???????????]
spaceman(astronaut)宇航员[ ?????????] space suit宇航服[??◆??]
space shuttle航天飞机[ ???●]
space telescope空间望远镜[ ??●????◆?] star恒星
stellar恒星的[ ???●?]
intergalactic星系间的[ ???????●?????]
interstellar恒星间的[ ???????????●?] interplanetary行星间的[ ?????????●???????]
asteroid小行星[ ????????]
nebula星云[ ????◆●?]
space debris太空垃圾[ ??????? ??????]
ammonia氨[ ???◆???]
corona日冕[ ????◆??]
chromosphere色球[ ???◆??????] photosphere光球[ ??◆??◆????] convection zone对流层[ ?????????] [ ?◆?]
vacuum真空[ ????◆??]
absolute magnitude绝对量级
radiation辐射[ ???????????]
emission发射/散发[???????]
high-resolution高清晰度[ ?????●?◆????]
interferometer干扰仪[ ??????????????]
illusive object幻影体[??●◆????]
faint微弱的[?????]
image影像
gravitational吸引力
molten熔化的(金属、岩石) [ ??◆●???]
leap year闰年[●???]
rotation自转[??◆???????]
revolution公转[ ?????●◆????] sunspot太阳黑子[ ???????]
black hole黑洞[??◆●]
ultraviolet ray紫外线[ ?●????????●??] infrared ray红外线[ ?????????] luminosity光度[ ●?◆??????????]
light year光年
气象学
meteorology气象[ ?????????●????] meteorologist气象学家[ ?????????●??????] meteorological station气象站[?????????●????????●]
forecast(predict)预报[????????]
climate气候[ ?●?????]
atmosphere大气层[ ????????]
troposphere对流层[ ?????◆????] stratosphere平流层[ ??????◆????]
cold front冷锋[?????]
warm air mass热气团
current(气)流[ ??????]
vapor蒸汽[ ?????]
evaporate蒸发[??????????]
damp(wet,moist,humid)潮湿[????] [?????] [ ??◆????]
humidity湿度[??◆????????]
moisture潮湿/水分[ ???????]
saturate饱和[ ?????????]
dew露[??◆?]
frost霜[?????? ??????]
fog(mist)雾
smog烟雾[????]
droplet小水[ ????●??] condense浓缩[ ??????s]
crystal水晶体[ ?????●]
downpour(torrential rain)大雨[ ??????????] [????????●] tempest(storm)/ (torrential rain)暴风雨[ ???????]
drizzle细雨[ ????●]
shower阵雨[ ??◆?]
hail冰雹[???●]
blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪[ ?●????] avalanche(snow slide)雪崩[ ????●????] precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水[???????????????]
thunder雷[ ?????]
breeze微风[?????]
sandstorm沙暴[ ?????????]
monsoon季风[?????◆??]
gale大风[???●]
whirlwind旋风[ ??????●????]
typhoon台风[?????◆??]
hurricane飓风[ ???????? ????] tornado(twister, catastrophe)龙卷风[?????????◆] [ ??????] [ ??????????]
upper atmosphere上层大气
funnel漏斗，漏斗云[ ????●]
disaster(calamity, catastrophe)灾难[?????????] [ ??●?????] [ ??????????] devastation破坏[ ????????????] submerge淹没[?????????]
drought旱灾[???◆?]
convection对流[ ?????????]
wind velocity风速[ ??●?????]
wind scale风级
wind direction风向
long-range forecast长期预报
numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析，卫星云图[???????●????]
stratus层云[ ????????]
carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放[ ??????] [??????????]
purify净化[ ??◆??????]
acid rain酸雨[ ????]
sewage disposal污水处理[ ??◆??????] [??????◆??●]
waste disposal废物处理
environment protection环境保护
微生物学
microorganism/microbe微生物[ ????????] [???????????????????] microbiology微生物学[????????????●????]
antibody抗体[ ?????????]
toxin 毒素[ ??????]
immunity免疫[????◆?????]
immunology免疫学[ ???◆???●??? ?] vaccine疫苗[ ???????]
fungus(fungi)真菌[ ??????] [ ???????? ???????]
bacteria细菌[??????????]
fermentation发酵[ ?????????????] inflection传染(感染) [????●?????]
virus毒素[ ???????]
disinfection消毒[ ????????????] sterilization灭菌[?????●?????????] food chain食物链[?????]
生物学
biology生物学[?????●????]
biologist生物学家[?????●??????]
marine biology海洋生物学[???????] entomology昆虫学[????◆???●????] ornithology鸟类学[ ???????●????? ?????] genetics遗传学[??????????]
speciology物种学[ ????????●????] parasitology寄生虫学[ ??????????●????]
dinosaur恐龙[ ????????]
die out/extinction灭绝[???????????] microbiology微生物学[????????????●????] paleontology古生物学[ ??●??????●????] paleontologist古生物学家mammal哺乳动物[ ????●]
barnacle北极鹅[ ??????●]
underwater水下的[ ??????????]
marine海洋的[???????]
scuba水下呼吸器[ ??◆???]
diving潜水/跳水[ ??????]
one-celled organism单细胞有机体(微生物) [ ?????????]
jellyfish水母[ ???●????]
tissue(动植物细胞的)组织[ ????◆?] protective camouflage保护色[ ???◆?●???] predator捕猎者[ ???????]
oceanic snail蜗牛[ ?◆???????] [????●] animal adaptation动物适应性
wild environment野生环境
owl猫头鹰[?◆●]
insecticide杀虫剂[????????????] prenatal care产后护理[ ?????????●] habitat栖息地[ ???????]
squid鱿鱼[?????]
tentacle触须[ ??????●]
prey捕食[????]
navigate导航[ ????????]
tiny receptor接受器[ ?????]
specimen范例, 标本, 样本[ ????????? ????]
amphibian两栖类动物[?????????]
decline in the number数量减少
genetic基因的，遗传的[?????????] endangered species濒危物种[???????????] [ ???????]
survival活着的[????????●]
transition转变/过渡[??????????? ???????]
yeast酵母(菌) [ ????]
single-cell单细胞
reptile爬行类动物[ ??????●]
turtle海龟[ ????●]
hatch孵化[????]
nest巢
robin知更鸟[ ?????]
wasp黄蜂[????]
offspring子孙[ ???????? ???? ?????]
chew up咀嚼[??◆?]
rodent啮齿类动物[ ??◆????]
burro驴子[ ????◆]
octopus章鱼[ ???????]
spider蜘蛛[ ??????]
unfertilized eggs未受精的卵[ ????????●????]
nutrient营养品[ ??◆???????] nourishment营养品/食物[ ?????????] feed喂养[????]
cannibalism同类相食[???????●????] gene基因[?????]
respiration system呼吸系统[ ????????????]
reproductive system生殖系统[ ?????????????]
ingestion摄食[???????????]
digestion消化[???????????? ????????????] digestive enzyme消化酶[??????????? ????] [ ??????] cell细胞
nucleus细胞核[ ??◆??●???]
protein蛋白质[ ???◆????]
amino acid氨基酸[ ?????◆]
plankton浮游生物[ ?●????????]
heredity遗传[?????????]
mutation of species物种变异[??◆??????????] [ ???????] chromosome染色体[ ???◆????◆?] genetic engineering遗传工程[?????????] solitary独居[ ??●?????]
social群居
bio-diversity生物多样性[ ?????] [???????????]
metamorphosis变态/变形[ ?????????????]
mutation变种[??◆??????????] variation变异[ ???????????] anemone海葵[????????]
antenna触角，天线[???????]
hibernation冬眠
evolution进化[ ?????●◆????? ?????] adaptation适应[ ???????????]
动物学
zoology动物学[ ?◆??●????]
Darwinism达尔文学说[ ??????????] natural selection自然选择[ ???????●]
class纲
order目
family科
genus属[ ???????]
suborder亚目
species种[ ???????]
invertebrate无脊椎动物[????????????] vertebrate脊椎动物[ ?????????]
aquatic(life)水生动物[????????]
reptile爬行动物[ ??????●]
amphibian(amphibious animal)两栖动物[?????????] [?????????]
protozoa原生动物[???◆??◆???◆?] rodent啮齿动物(如松鼠) [ ??◆????] ruminant反刍(chu)动物[ ?◆???????]
cold-blooded animal冷血动物
warm-blooded animal温血动物
parasitic animal寄生动物[ ??????????] primate灵长动物[ ???????]
plankton浮游生物[ ?●????????]
mollusk软体动物[ ??●???]
coelenterate腔肠动物[???●????????] herbivore食草动物[ ????????]
carnivore食肉动物[ ????????]
dinosaur恐龙[ ????????]
bird鸟类
extinction灭绝
mammal哺乳动物[ ????●]
Primates灵长目动物
insect昆虫
antenna(pl: antennae)触须[???????]
larva幼虫/幼体[ ●????]
camouflage伪装[ ???◆?●???]
pest害虫
worm虫(蠕虫)
hibernate冬眠
lizard蜥蜴[ ●????]
chameleon变色蜥蜴[ ?????●???] regeneration再生[???????????????] turtle龟[ ????●]
beast野兽[?????]
domesticate驯养[????????????] predatory(carnivorous)食肉的[ ?????????] [ ??????????]
predator捕食者[ ???????]
prey捕食，被捕食的动物[????]
scavenger食腐动物[ ?????????]
migrate迁移[?????????? ?????????]
wing翅膀/翼
bill(鸟)嘴[??●]
beak (鹰等的)嘴[????]
nest筑巢
dolphin海豚[ ??●???]
whale鲸鱼[???●? ???]
bat蝙蝠
gorilla大猩猩[?????●?]
chimpanzee黑猩猩[ ???????????] habitat栖息地[ ???????]
shrimp小虾[?????]
prawn对虾[?????]
lobster对虾[ ●?????]
crab螃蟹[ ???]
clam蛤蜊[ ●??]
sponge海绵[??????]
coral珊瑚[ ????●]
starfish海星[ ???????]
canary金丝雀[ ???????]
chirp(鸟/虫的叫声)唧唧[?????]
owl猫头鹰[?◆●]
vulture秃鹫[ ??●?????)]
penguin企鹅[ ???????]
crane鹤[ ????]
stork鹳[?????]
squeak(老鼠等)吱吱[??????]
porpoise海豚[ ??????]
otter水獭[ ???]
frog青蛙
tadpole蝌蚪[ ?????◆●]
salamander蝾螈[ ??●??????]
scorpion蝎子[ ????????]
centipede蜈蚣[ ?????????]
cicada蝉[????????? ???????] mantis螳螂[ ??????]
wasp黄蜂[????]
hornet大黄蜂[ ??????]
cockroach蟑螂[ ?????◆??]
earthworm蚯蚓
sloth树獭[?●?◆?]
slothful懒惰的[ ?●?????●]
hygiene卫生[ ????????] sanitation卫生[???????????]
parasite寄生虫[ ????????]
moth蛾[???]
caterpillar毛虫[ ??????●?]
horde(昆虫等)群[????]
swarm (昆虫等)群[?????]
flock(鸟羊等)群[?●??]
community动物的群落或人的部落
herd兽群[????]
bunch(花等)束/捧[?????]
beaver海狸[ ?????]
monogamous一夫一妻的/一雄一雌的[??????????]
polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的[???●??????]
polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的[ ??●????????]
trapper诱捕动物者[ ?????]
rhinoceros犀牛[???????????]
niche小生态环境[????]
vestige退化器官/遗迹[ ???????]
oyster牡蛎[ ?????]
fertilizer使――受精[ ??????●????] larva幼虫[ ●????]
tentacle触角[ ??????●]
homotherm恒温动物[??????????] poikilotherm变温动物[??????●?◆????] metabolism新陈代谢[???????●????] baboon狒狒[????◆??]
breed品种，繁殖[?????]
multiply(reproduce繁殖) [ ??●???●?] [ ?????????◆??]
hatch孵[????]
spawn(鱼、虾、蛙等)孵[?????]
anatomy解剖学[????????]
appetite食欲[ ???????]
creature生物
microbe微生物
herbivorous食草的[???????????] carnivorous食肉的[ ??????????] omnivorous杂食的[ ?????????]
scale鳞[????●]
feather羽毛[ ????]
armor甲[ ????]
spinal cord脊椎[ ?????●] [ ???] digestive system消化系统
[??????????? ????]
excretory system排泄系统[????????????]
reproductive system生殖系统[ ?????????????]
circulatory system循环系统[???????●??????? ???? ??? ???●??????]
respiratory system呼吸系统[??????????????]
hormonal system内分泌系统[?????????●] antelope羚羊[ ????●?◆?]
aphid蚜虫[ ?????]
beluga白鲸[???●◆???]
bipedal两足动物的[?????????●????????]
rare animal稀有动物
生态学
ecology生态学[???????●????] ecologist生态学家[????●??????] ecosystem生态系统[???????????] balance(of nature)自然界生态平衡
fauna动物群[ ?????]
flora植物群[ ?●????]
rain forest雨林
food chain食物链
acid rain酸雨
greenhouse effect温室效应
infrared radiation红外线辐射[ ?????????] ozone layer(ozonosphere)臭氧层[ ?◆??◆?? ?◆???]
ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射[ ?●????????●??]
pollution污染
pollution control污染控制
air pollution空气污染
water pollution水污染
noise pollution噪音污染
soil pollution土壤污染
pollution-free无污染
pollutant污染物[???●◆?????] noxious(toxic)有毒的[ ??????] [ ??????] fume(有毒)废气[??◆??]
waste废物
solid waste固体垃圾
sewage(wastewater)污水[ ??◆??????] sewage purification污水净化[ ??◆????????????]
sewage disposal污水处理
decibel(噪音)分贝[ ??????●]
植物学
botany植物学[ ??????]
botanist植物学家[?????????]
botanical(botanic)植物的[???????????●] [????????]
plant植物[?●????]
aquatic plant水生植物[????????]
parasite plant寄生植物[ ????????]
root根
canopy树冠层/顶棚[ ??????]
foliage(leaf)叶[ ??◆●????]
leaflet小叶[ ●???●??]
rosette(叶的)丛生[??◆????]
stem茎[????]
stalk杆[?????]
leafstalk叶柄
shoot(sprout)嫩芽/抽枝[????◆?]
flower花[ ?●?◆?]
bud花蕾[???]
petal花瓣[ ???●]
peel(skin)果皮[???●]
shell(硬)果壳[??●]
husk(干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶[????]
trunk树干[?????]
bark树皮[????]
branch树枝[???????]
bough大或者粗的树枝[??◆]
twig小树枝[????]
jungle丛林[ ?????●]
lawn草坪[●???]
meadow草地/牧场[ ????◆]
prairie大草原[ ??????]
shrub(bush)灌木[????] [?◆?]
cluster一簇(灌木) [ ?●????]
fern蕨类植物[????]
herb草[????]
photosynthesis光合作用[ ??◆??◆?????????]
chlorophyll叶绿素[ ?●??????●] symbiosis共生[????????◆???]
wither(shrivel, fade)凋谢[ ????] [ ????●] blossom花[ ?●????]
pollen花粉[ ??●??]
nectar花蜜[ ?????]
leaf树叶[●???]
pollinate传授花粉[ ??●?????]
pollination授粉[??●????????]
cell细胞
tissue组织[ ????◆?]
organ器官[ ?????]
system 系统[ ??????]
seed种子
everlasting永久的[ ????●??????]
orchid兰花[ ?????]
crossbreed杂交[ ?????????]
sequoia红杉[????????]
root pressure根压
bore腔/肠[???]
cohesion-tension凝聚压力[ ?◆???????] column花柱[ ??●??]
symbiotic共生的[ ???????????] immunity免疫[????◆?????]
organism生物/有机物[ ?????????] necrosi s坏死[??????◆???]
barren贫瘠[ ?????]
futile无用的[ ??◆????●? ???●] carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)/醣类[ ?????◆?????????] [??????] glucose葡萄糖[ ?●◆???◆?]
starch淀粉[??????]
fat脂肪
protein蛋白质[ ???◆????]
vitamin维他命[ ????????? ????] malnourished营养不良的[??●???????] nutrition营养[??◆????????]
perennial多年一生的[????????●]
annual一年一生的[ ???◆?●]
evergreen常绿树[ ????????]
larch落叶松[●????]
pine松树[????]
spruce云杉[???◆??]
elm榆树[?●?] walnut核桃树[ ???●???]
redwood红木树[ ????◆?]
能源和环境
fossil fuel矿物燃料[ ???●] [??◆?●] process of photo synthesis光合作用[???????] [ ????????]
solar energy太阳能[ ??◆●?]
nonrenewable不可再生的[????????◆?????●]
energy conservation保护能源[ ???????????????]
resource资源
energy source能源资源
tidal energy潮汐能源[ ????●]
traffic jam交通堵塞[????]
fuel-efficient节能型的[????????]
rush hour高峰期[???]
pollute污染
zero emission零辐射[???????]
wildness野生/天然
preservation保护[ ???????????????]
atmosphere大气
climate气候
carbon碳[ ??????]
dioxide二氧化物[??????????]
burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧
global warming全球变暖
green house effect温室效应[??????]
rise in sea level海平面上升
melt融化，熔化
long-term climatic change长期的气候变化[ ●????????]
environmental环境的, 环境论[???????????????●]
recycling center再循环利用中心
litter/trash bag/garbage垃圾[ ●???] [????] [ ???????]
air pollution空气污染
pollutant污染物
desertification沙漠化[ ????????????????]
deforest滥伐森林[?????????]
flood [?●??]
drought干旱[???◆?]
water shortage水源缺乏
offshore spillage近海岸溢出[ ????????] [ ???●???]
carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放
industrial sewage工业污水[in5dQstriEl] [ ??◆??????]
upper atmosphere上层大气
recycling再循环
purify净化[ ??◆??????]
deteriorate恶化[?????????????]
acid rain酸雨
food chain食物链
sewage disposal污水处理[ ??◆??????] ozone layer臭氧层[ ?◆??◆?? ?◆???] waste disposal废物处理
emission (汽车废气的)排放[???????]
soot烟尘[?◆?]
elnino厄尔尼诺现象
美术（绘画和雕塑）
fine arts美术
oil painting油画
water color水彩画
sketch速写/素描[?????]
pastel彩粉画[??????●? ??????●] charcoal drawing木炭画[ ??????◆●]
mural painting/fresco壁画[ ??◆???●] [ ??????◆]
engraving版画[??????????]
lithograph石版画[ ●?????????] landscape painting风景画
still life静物画
portrait肖像画[ ???????]
caricature漫画[ ?????????◆?]
canvas油画布[ ??????]
brush画笔[????] drawing board画板
perspective透视画法[??????????] original原作[?????????●]
copy临本
reproduction/replica复制品[ ???●???? ????●????] genuine真的[ ?????◆??]
fake假的[????]
gallery美术馆[ ??●???]
autograph真迹[ ?????????]
panorama全景画[ ??????????] calligraphy书法[ ??●??????]
paste裱糊
impressionistic style印象派风格[???????????????]
framing装框
sculpture雕塑[ ???●????]
sculptor雕塑家[????●??????]
figurine小雕像[ ????◆????]
bust半身雕塑像[????]
statue塑像[ ?????◆?]
unique唯一的，独特的
数学
mathematics数学[ ???????????] mathematician数学家[ ????????????] arithmetic算术[??????????]
calculation计算[ ??●??◆?●?????] calculator计算器[ ??●??◆●????] abacus算盘[ ??????]
numeral数字[ ??◆?????●]
sum和[???]
total(sum total)总和/总数[ ??◆?●]
aggregate总计[ ????????]
fraction分数/小数[ ???????]
decimal十进位/(十进)小数[ ??????●]
digit数字/数位[ ??????]
percentage百分比[??????????]
addition加法[???????]
plus加上[?●??]
subtraction减法[???????????]
minus减去[ ??????]
multiplication乘法[ ??●???●????????]
multiplication table乘法表
multiply乘以[ ??●???●?]
times次
power乘方，幂[ ??◆?]
square平方[?????]
division除法[????????]
divide除以[???????]
algebra代数[ ?●??????]
quantity表示量的数或符号[ ????????] equation方程式/等式[?????????]
formula公式[ ?????◆●?]
root根[?◆??]
geometry几何[??????????]
geometric几何的[???????????] dimension维[?????????]
parallel平行的/平行线[ ????●?●] quadrilateral四边形[ ???????●?????●] square正方形
area面积[ ?????]
rectangle长方形/矩形[ ???????●]
polygon多边形[ ??●????]
cube立方体[ ?◆??]
volume体积[ ??●?◆??? ???? ????] sphere球形[????]
circle圆形[ ????●]
ellipse(oval)椭圆形[??●???] [ ?◆??●]
cone圆锥形[ ?◆?]
circumference圆周[????????????] diameter直径[?????????]
radius半径[ ???????]
triangle三角形[ ???????●]
angle角[ ???●]
degree(角)度
calculus微积分[ ??●??◆●??]
differential calculus微分学[ ??????????●]
integral calculus积分学[ ???????●] function函数
probability概率[ ????????●???] statistics统计[???????????]
quantitative量的/数量的[ ???????????] qualitative质的/质量的[ ???●??????] deduction(inference)推论/演绎[?????????] [ ????????]
induction归纳[?????????]
建筑学
architecture建筑学[ ??????????] architect建筑学家[ ????????]
construct结构[ ?????????]
wing辅楼/侧楼[???]
design设计[???????]
elevator电梯[ ?●??????]
skyscraper摩天大楼[ ??????????????]
design element设计元素
log structure原木结构
cabin小木屋[ ?????]
beam梁[????]
prototype原型[ ???◆??????]
building technique建筑工艺
new material新材料
metal-frame金属结构
repair person修理工
planetarium天文馆[?●???????????] aquarium水族馆[??????????]
archives档案馆[ ???????]
office building写字楼
cathedral大教堂[ ????????●]
mosque清真寺[????]
the Statue of Liberty自由女神像[ ?????◆?] [ ●?????]
the Triumphal Arch凯旋门[?????????●] [ ???]
Sphinx狮身人面像[??????]
Pyramid金字塔[ ???????]
castle城堡[ ????●]
gas station加油站
物理学
physics物理[ ??????]
mechanics力学[?????????]
heat热学[????]
thermodynamics热力学[ ?????◆??????????]
acoustics声学[???◆??????] electromagnetism电磁学[?●???????????????????] optics光学[ ??????]
dynamics动力学[??????????]
force力
conservation of energy能量守恒定律
velocity速度[ ??●?????]
acceleration加速度[?????●????????]
deceleration减速度[??????●????????] uniform motion匀速运动[ ?◆???????] Newton’s laws of motions牛顿运动定律[ ??◆???]
equilibrium平衡[ ??????●??????] statics静力学[ ???????]
motion运动[ ??◆???]
inertia惯性[????????]
gravitation引力[ ????????????] relativity相对[ ??●????????]
gravity地心引力/重力[ ???????] centrifugal force离心力[?????????◆??●] centripetal force向心力[??????????●] acceleration of gravity重力加速度
reaction反作用[???????????]
velocity/speed/rate速度
momentum动量[??◆???????]
vibration震动[ ??????????]
medium(media)媒质[ ???????]
frequency频率[ ??????????] wavelength波长[ ????●???]
pitch音高，音调[????]
intensity强度[??????????]
power功率[ ??◆?]
echo回声[ ???◆]
resonance回声/洪亮[ ????????]
sonar声纳[ ??◆???]
ultrasonic超声学[ ?●?????????] electricity电[?●??????????]
static electricity静电
magnetism磁性[ ??????????]
magnetic force磁力
magnet磁铁[ ??????]
electromagnet电磁[?●?????????????] magnetic field磁场
charge电荷[??????]
electric current电流
direct current(DC)直流电
alternating current(AC)交流电
electric circuit电路
electric charge电荷
electric voltage电压
electrode电极[??●???????]
anode正极[ ???◆?]
cathode负极[ ????◆?]
electric shock触电[???] electric appliance电器[???●?????] conduction传导[ ?????????] conductor导体[ ????????]
insulator绝缘体[ ????◆●????] semiconductor半导体[ ?????????????] battery(cell)电池[ ??????]
dry battery干电池
storage battery蓄电池
watt瓦特[???]
volt伏特[ ?◆●?? ??●?]
electronics电子学[?●??????????] electronic电子的[?●?????????] electronic component(part)电子零件[ ?????◆????]
integrated circuit集成电路[ ???????????] [ ??????]
chip集成电器片/集成块[????]
electron tube电子管[??●??????] [ ??◆??]
vacuum tube真空管[ ????◆??]
transistor晶体管[??????????]
amplification放大[ ???●??????????] amplify放大[ ???●????]
amplifier放大器/扬声器[ ???●??????] oscillation震荡[ ????●?????]
optical光(学)的[ ??????●]
optical fiber光学纤维[ ?????]
lens透镜/镜片[●???]
convex凸透镜[ ????????]
concave凹透镜[ ????????]
microscope显微镜[ ???????????] telescope望远镜[ ??●????◆?]
magnifier放大镜[ ?????????]
spectrum光谱[ ????????]
ultraviolet紫外线[ ?●????????●??]
X ray X射线[???]
Gamma ray γ射线[ ????]
infrared ray红外线[ ?????????] fluorescence荧光[?●◆???????]
microwave微波[ ??????◆????] dispersion色散[??????????]
transparent透明[?????????????] translucent半透明[??????●?◆????] opaque不透明的[?◆?????]
solidify固化[???●??????]
gasify气化[ ???????]
liquefy液化[ ●???????]
volatilize挥发[ ??●???●???]
calorie卡路里[ ??●???]
friction摩擦[ ???????]
level杠杆[ ●?????●]
pulley滑轮[ ?◆●?]
convection对流[ ?????????] expansion膨胀[??????????]
reflection反射[????●?????]
resonance共振[ ????????]
compression压缩[ ???????????] refraction折射[??????????]
volume音量[ ??●?◆??? ???? ????] intensity音强[??????????]
heat conductivity热传导[ ?????????????]
thermal energy热能[ ?????●]
考古学
archaeology考古学[ ??????●????] archeologist考古学家[ ??????●??????] paleontology古生物学[ ??●??????●????] anthropology人类学[ ????????●????] anthropologist人类学家[ ????????●??????]
pale-anthropologist古人类学家[???●] ecological anthropologist生态人类学家[ ????●??????●]
psychologist anthropologist心理人类学家[???????●??????]
origin起源[ ???????]
originate起源于[???????????]
ancestor祖先[ ???????]
hominid人(科) [ ???????]
homogeneous同一种族(种类)的[ ????◆?????????]
tribe部落[?????]
clan氏族[ ●??]
excavation挖掘[ ????????????] excavate(unearth) 挖掘[ ?????????] [ ??????]
ruin遗迹/废墟[?◆??? ??◆???]
remain遗迹/遗骸[???????]
artifact手工艺品[ ????????]
relic遗物/文物[ ??●??]
antique古物/古董[???????]
antiquity古代/古老[??????????]
Stone Age石器时代
Bronze Age(青)铜器时代[?????]
Iron Age铁器时代[ ????]
Paleolithic旧石器时代的[ ??●??◆?●????] Mesolithic中石器时代的[ ????◆?●????? ?????] Neolithic新石器时代的[??????●????] morphology形态学[??????●????]
skull颅骨[???●]
cranial颅骨的[ ???????●]
fossil化石[ ???●]
ancient civilization古代文明[ ???????] dinosaur恐龙[ ????????]
starfish海星[ ???????]
cave man 住在山洞里的人
cultural relic文物[ ??●??]
rock painting岩画
化学
chemistry化学[ ????????]
chemical property化学特性/化学性质
chemical composition(make up)化学成分
[ ??????????]
chemical agent化学试剂[ ???????] chemical reaction化学反应[???????????] chemical change化学变化
chemical bond化学键[????]
chemical apparatus化学器械[ ??????????] substance(matter, material)物质[ ????????] periodic table(元素)周期表[??????????] hydrogen氢[ ??????◆????]
oxygen氧[ ????????]
nitrogen氮[ ??????????]
helium氦[ ???●???? ?●???] carbon碳[ ??????]
calcium钙[ ??●????]
silicon硅[ ??●????]
sulfur硫[ ??●??]
iodine碘[ ???????? ???? ????????] compound化合物[ ?????◆??] hydrocarbon碳氢化合物[ ??????◆???????]
derivative衍生物[??????????]
alchemy炼金术[ ?●????]
petroleum(oil)石油[??????◆●???] petroleum products石油产品
crude oil原油[ ?◆??]
refine提炼，精炼[???????]
gasoline汽油[ ????●???]
methane甲烷[ ??????]
solution溶液[???●?◆????]
dissolve溶解[?????●?]
solvent溶剂[ ??●????]
solubility可溶性[ ??●?◆???●???] oxidation氧化[ ??????????]
dilution稀释[????●?◆????? ???●?] distillation蒸馏[ ??????●?????] reduction还原[?????????]
combustion燃烧[ ??????????]
cohesive聚合力[ ?◆???????]
adhesive粘合力[?????????]
atom原子[ ????]
nucleus原子核[ ??◆??●???]
electron电子[??●??????]
neutron中子[ ??◆?????]
proton质子[ ???◆???]
molecule分子[ ??●???◆?●? ???◆?]
particle粒子[ ??????●]
ion离子[ ????]
particle accelerator粒子加速器[?????●??????]
catalysis(pl: catalyses)催化作用[ ????●????] catalyst /catalytic agent催化剂[ ????●???] [ ?????●????]
artificial人造的[ ?????????●]
synthetic合成的[?????????]
synthetic fiber人造纤维[ ?????]
polymer聚合物[ ??●???]
polymerization聚合作用[ ??●?????????????]
plastic塑料[ ?●?????? ?●??????] dye染料[???]
cosmeti c化妆品[ ????????]
organic chemistry有机化学[ ???????] inorganic chemistry无机化学[ ??????????]
biochemistry生物化学[ ????◆?????????]
composition化合物[ ??????????] property性质
element元素[ ?●?????]
decomposition分解[ ??????????????]
reagent试剂[?????????????]
test tube试管
test paper试纸
isotope同位素[ ????◆??◆?]
radioactivity放射性[ ??????◆?????????]
sensitivity灵敏度[ ????????????]
教育学
higher education高等教育
moral character道德品质[ ????●]
domain领域[??◆?????]
faculty全体教员[ ????●??]
alumni男校友
treasurer生活委员/财务大臣[ ???????] elective system选课制度
curriculum课程(总称) [ ??????◆●??]
discipline学科/管理[ ?????●??]
learn by rote死记硬背[??◆?]
音乐
musical instrument乐器[ ??◆?????●] [ ?????◆????]
orchestra乐队[ ????????? ?????] shook rattle摇拨浪鼓[?◆?] [ ???●]
pound drum 击鼓[??◆??] [????]
foot beat点脚/跺脚
note音符
score乐谱
movement乐章
fanatical狂热的[?????????●]
hillbilly music乡村音乐[ ??●???●?]
folk music民间音乐[??◆?]
pop musi c流行音乐
classical music古典音乐[ ?●?????●]
Jazz爵士乐[????]
Symphony交响乐[ ???????]
rock and roll摇滚乐[???] [??◆●]
band music/wind music管乐
string弦乐[?????]
violin小提琴
viola中提琴[ ???◆●?? ????●?]
cello大提琴[ ???●??]
harp竖琴[????]
horn号[????]
clarinet单簧管[ ●???????]
keyboard instrument键盘音乐
percussion震荡/打击乐器[?????????] vocal music声乐[ ??◆?●]
concerto协奏曲[ ?????????◆]
sonata奏鸣[????????]
serenade小夜曲[ ?????????]
solo独奏/独唱[ ??◆●?◆]
duet二重唱[??◆????? ???? ?◆????] conducting指挥
podium指挥台[ ??◆????] accompaniment伴奏[?????????????] quality音质[ ???●???]
volume音量[ ??●?◆??? ???? ????]
chord和弦[ ???] harmony和声[ ???????]
rest休止
time节拍
lullaby催眠曲[ ●?●????]
prelude序曲[ ???●?◆??]
epilogue尾声[ ???●??]
摄影
photographer摄影家[??????????] panorama全景照片[ ??????????]
snap shot快照[????]
develop冲洗
enlarge放大[???●????]
foreground前景[ ??????◆??] background背景[ ??????◆??]
high definition高清晰度[ ??????????] close-up特写
out of focus调焦不准
exposure曝光[??????◆??]
instant camera拍立得
camera lens相机镜头[●???]
tripod三角架[ ???????]
dark room暗室
wide angle lens广角镜头[ ???●]
long focus lens长镜头
filter滤色镜[ ??●??]
文学
prose散文[???◆?]
diary日记[ ??????]
autobiography传记[ ??????????????] editorial社论[??????????●]
narrative prose叙述性[ ???????] [???◆?] descriptive prose描写性[???????????] essay随笔[ ????? ????]
poetry诗歌[ ??◆????? ???◆????] ballad民谣[ ??●??]
lullaby催眠曲[ ●?●????]
fiction小说[ ??????]
allegory寓言[ ?●?????]
fairy tale童话
legend传说[ ●??????]
proverb谚语[ ?????????]
model人物原型
leading character主人公
main plot主要情节
prelude序曲[ ???●?◆??]
prologue序言[ ???◆●??]
epilogue尾声[ ???●??]
literary criticism文学批评[ ●???????] [ ????????????]
literary study文学研究
schools of literature文学流派[ ●????????] comparative literature比较文学[ ??????????]
realism现实主义[????●??????????] surrealism超现实主义[??????●??????] futurism未来主义[ ??◆???????????] modernism现代主义[ ?????????] aestheticism唯美主义[ ?????????????]
人物
artist艺术家
choreographer舞蹈编排家[ ??????????????]
critic批评家[ ??????]
satirist讽刺作家[ ????????]
inventor发明家[???????????] biographer自传作家[??????????] sculptor雕塑家[????●??????]
feminist女权主义者[?????????] humanitarian人道主义者[??◆????????????????]
imagist意象派诗人[ ????????] philanthropist慈善家[???●?????????] proprietor业主[???????????]
mortal凡人[ ????●]
precursor先驱[????????????] figurehead名誉领袖[ ???????]
disciple学徒[???????●]
apprentice 学徒[?????????]
mechanic机械工[????????]
minimalist简单抽象派艺术[ ??????●???] avant-grade前卫派[ ????]
territory领域[ ????????]
genre风格/体裁[?????]
eccentric 古怪的[??????????]
odd怪诞的/奇数的
erratic 奇怪的[???????]
weird怪异的/不可思议的[????]
unique独一无二的romantic 浪漫的[?????????]
innocent天真的/无罪的[ ??????]
lovelorn相思病的[?●??●???]
emotional情绪的/情感的[????◆???●] sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的[ ??????????●]
cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的[ ????●??] patriarchal家长的/族长的[ ???????????●]
rigid僵化的[ ??????]
spare简朴的[????]
clumsy笨拙的[ ?●????]
nervous紧张的
zigzag曲折的[ ??????]
contemporary当代的[ ????????????] acclaimed受欢迎的
preeminent杰出的[??????????????] outstanding杰出的[?◆?????????]
versatile(人)多才多艺的，(物体)多功能的[ ????????●]
household家庭的/家喻户晓的[ ??◆???◆●?]
genuine真正的[ ?????◆??]
authentic逼真的[ ????????]
symbolic象征性的[??????●??]
immortal不朽的/神[??????●]
nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡[??????●????] emotive感人的[????◆???]
prodigious巨大的[??????????]
classic经典的[ ?●????]
posthumous死后的[ ?????◆???]