人力资源配置外文翻译文献

人力资源配置外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

外文：

Study on Human Resource Allocation in Multi-Project Based on the Priority and the Cost of Projects

Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guohua

Abstract----This paper put forward the affecting factors of project’s priority. which is introduced into a multi-objective optimization model for human resource allocation in multi-project environment . The objectives of the model were the minimum cost loss due to the delay of the time limit of the projects and the minimum delay of the project with the highest priority .Then a Genetic Algorithm to solve the model was introduced. Finally, a numerical example was used to testify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm.

Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Human Resource Allocation, Multi-pr oject’s project’s priority .

1.INTRODUCTION

More and more enterprises are facing the challenge of multi-project management, which has been the focus among researches on project management. In multi-project environment ,the share are competition of resources such as capital , time and human resources often occur .Therefore , it’s critical to schedule projects in order to satisfy the different resource demands and to shorten the projects’ duration time with resources constrained ,as in [1].For many enterprises ,the human resources are the most precious asset .So enterprises should reasonably and effectively allocate each resource , especially the human resource ,in order to shorten the time and cost of projects and to increase the benefits .Some literatures have discussed the resource allocation problem in multi-project environment with resources constrained. Reference [1] designed an iterative algorithm and proposed

a mathematical model of the resource-constrained multi-project scheduling .Based

on work breakdown structure (WBS) and Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method ,a feasible multi-project planning method was illustrated , as in [2] . References [3,4] discussed the resource-constrained project scheduling based on Branch Delimitation method .Reference [5] put forward the framework of human resource allocation in multi-project in Long-term ,medium-term and short-term as well as research and development(R&D) environment .Based on GPSS language, simulation model of resources allocation was built to get the project’s duration time and resources distribution, as in [6]. Reference [7] solved the engineering project’s resources optimization problem using Genetic Algorithms. These literatures reasonably optimized resources allocation in multi-project, but all had the sam e prerequisite that the project’s importance is the same to each other .This paper will analyze the effects of project’s priority on human resource allocation ,which is to be introduced into a mathematical model ;finally ,a Genetic Algorithm is used to solve the model.

2.EFFECTS OF PROJECTS PRIORITY ON HUMAN RESOUCE ALLOCATION

AND THE AFFECTING FACTORS OF PROJECT’S PRIORITY

Resource sharing is one of the main characteristics of multi-project

management .The allocation of shared resources relates to the efficiency and rationality of the use of resources .When resource conflict occurs ,the resource demand of the project with highest priority should be satisfied first. Only after that, can the projects with lower priority be considered.

Based on the idea of project classification management ,this paper classifies the affecting factors of project’s priority into three categories ,as the project’s benefits ,the complexity of project management and technology , and the strategic influence on the enterprise’s future development . The priority weight of the project is the function of the above three categories, as shown in (1).

W=f(I,c,s…) (1)

Where w refers to project’s priority weight; I refers to the benefits of the project; c refers to the complexity of the project, including the technology and management; s refers to the influence of the project on enterprise .The bigger the values of the three categories, the higher the priority is.

3.HUMAN RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODEL IN MULTI-PROJECT

ENVIRONMENT

3.1Problem Description

According to the constraint theory, the enterprise should strictly differentiate the bottleneck resources and the non-bottleneck resources to solve the constraint problem of bottleneck resources .This paper will stress on the limited critical human resources being allocated to multi-project with definite duration times and priority.

To simplify the problem, we suppose that that three exist several parallel projects and a shared resources storehouse, and the enterprise’s operation only involves one kind of critical human resources. The supply of the critical human resource is limited, which cannot be obtained by hiring or any other ways during a certain period .when resource conflict among parallel projects occurs, we may allocate the human resource to multi-project according to project’s priorities .The allocation of non-critical independent human resources is not considered in this paper, which supposes that the independent

resources that each project needs can be satisfied.

Engineering projects usually need massive critical skilled human resources in some critical chain ,which cannot be substituted by the other kind of human resources .When the critical chains of projects at the same time during some period, there occur resource conflict and competition .The paper also supposes that the corresponding network planning of various projects have already been established ,and the peaks of each project’s resources demand have been optimized .The delay of the critical chain will affect the whole project’s durat ion time .

3.2 Model Hypotheses

The following hypotheses help us to establish a mathematical model:

(1) The number of mutually independent projects involved in resource

allocation problem in multi-project is N. Each project is indicated with

Q i ,while i=1,2, … N.

(2) The priority weights of multi-project have been determined ,which are

respectively w 1,w 2…w n .

(3) The total number of the critical human resources is R ,with r k standing

for each person ,while k=1,2, …,R

(4) Δk i = ?

??others toprojectQ rcer humanresou i k 01 (5) Resources capturing by several projects begins on time. t E i is the

expected duration time of project I that needs the critical resources to

finish some task after time t ,on the premise that the human resources

demand can be satisfied .tAi is the real duration time of project I that

needs the critical resource to finish some task after time t .

(6) According to the contract ,if the delay of the project happens the daily

cost loss due to the delay is △c i for project I .According to the project’s

importance ,the delay of a project will not only cause the cost loss ,but

will also damage the prestige and status of the enterprise .(while the

latent cost is difficult to quantify ,it isn’t considered in this article

temporarily.)

(7) From the hypothesis (5) ,we can know that after time t ,the time-gap

between the real and expected duration time of project I that needs the

critical resources to finish some task is △t i ,( △t i =t A i -t E i ). For there

exists resources competition, the time –gap is necessarily a positive

number.

(8) According to hypotheses (6) and (7), the total cost loss of project I is C i

(C i = △t i * △C i ).

(9) The duration time of activities can be expressed by the workload of

activities divided by the quantity of resources ,which can be indicated

with following expression of t A i =ηi / R i * ,.In the expression , ηi refers

to the workload of projects I during some period ,which is supposed to

be fixed and pre-determined by the project managers on project planning

phase ; R i * refers to the number of the critical human resources being

allocated to projects I actually, with the equation R i *

=∑=R

k ki 1δ existing. Due to the resource competition the resource demands of projects with

higher

Priorities may be guarantee, while those projects with lower priorities

may not be fully guaranteed. In this situation, the decrease of the

resource supply will lead to the increase of the duration time of activities

and the project, while the workload is fixed.

3.3 Optimization Model

Based on the above hypotheses, the resource allocation model in

multi-project environment can be established .Here, the optimization

model is :

F i =min Z i = min

∑∑==N

i i N i Ci 11ω =min i i N

i i N i c t ??∑∑==11ω (2)

=min ∑∑==N i i N i 11ω )

E i R i ki i t - ??∑=1δη i c ? 2

F =min Z 2=min ()i t ?=min )

E i R i ki i t -

??∑=1δη (3) Where wj=max(wi) ,(N j i 3,2,1,=?) (4)

Subject to : 0∑∑==≤R k ki N i 11δ=R (5)

The model is a multi-objective one .The two objective functions are

respectively to minimize the total cost loss ,which is to conform to the

economic target ,and to shorten the time delay of the project with highest

priority .The first objective function can only optimize the apparent

economic cost ;therefore the second objective function will help to make

up this limitation .For the project with highest priority ,time delay will

damage not only the economic benefits ,but also the strategy and the

prestige of the enterprise .Therefore we should guarantee that the most

important project be finished on time or ahead of schedule .

4. SOLUTION TO THE MULTI-OBJECTIVE MODEL USING GENETIC

ALGORITHM

4.1 The multi-objective optimization problem is quite common .Generally ,each

objective should be optimized in order to get the comprehensive objective optimized .Therefore the weight of each sub-objective should be considered .Reference [8] proposed an improved ant colony algorithm to solve this problem .Supposed that the weights of the two optimizing objectives are α and β ,where α+β=1 .Then the comprehensive goal is F * ,where F *=αF 1+βF 2.

4.2 The Principle of Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithm roots from the concepts of natural selection and

genetics .It’s a random search technique for global optimization in a complex search space .Because of the parallel nature and less restrictions ,it has the key features of great currency ,fast convergence and easy calculation .Meanwhile ,its search scope is not limited ,so it’s an effective method to solve the resource balancing problem ,as in [9].

The main steps of GA in this paper are as follow:

(1)Encoding

An integer string is short, direct and efficient .According to the characteristics of the model, the human resource can be assigned to be a code object .The string length equals to the total number of human resources allocated.

(2)Choosing the fitness function

This paper choose the objective function as the foundation of fitness function .To rate the values of the objective function ,the fitness of the n-th individual is 1/n。

(3)Genetic operation

It’s the core of GA .This process includes three basic operators: selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operation.

1)Selection operation is to select the good individuals among the

group .The probability of a string to be selected as a parent is

proportional to its fitness .The higher the string’s fitness is, the

greater the probability of the string to be selected as a parent will be.

2)Crossover operator

The so-called crossover is that the paten chromosomes exchange

some genes to yield two offspring strings in some rule .We can use

uniform crossover ,that the two chromosomes exchange the genes on

the same positions with the same crossover probability to yield two

new individuals.

3)Mutation operator

Mutation adds to the diversity of a population and thereby increases

the likelihood that the algorithm will generate individuals with better

fitness values .The mutation operator determines the search ability of

GA ,maintain the diversity of a population ,and avoid the

prematurity .There are several mutation is quite easy .

4)Standard for the terminal of GA

Without human control ,the evolution process of the algorithm will

never end .The population size affects the final result and the

operation speed .If the size is greater ,the diversity of the population

can be added ,and the best result can be obtained

easier .However ,the efficiency is reduced .Recently ,in most GA

progress , the biggest evolvement algebra is determined by

human-beings to control the course the algorithm.

5.NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

We use a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of Genetic

Algorithm . Assume that there are three projects with the same

network ,and the priority weights have been put forward .There is only one

critical path in each project . The data we have known are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Data of the Three Projects

The steps of Genetic Algorithm to solve the model are as follow:

Step1: An integer string is adopted .Encode with [0,1,2] for there are three projects .The length of the chromosome is 16 ,the total number of human resource to be allocated .

Step 2: The initial population size is 50.

Step 3: Doing genetic operation .Adopt Roulette Wheel and Elitist tactic to determined selection operator .The offspring can be yielded by uniform cross-over .The mutation operator can be determined by uniform mutation .We assume that the mutation probability equal to 0.001 .

Step 4: Adopt the maximum population size is 100 when terminated.

After the computer simulation, we can obtain the Pare-to results with different importance weights of the two objective functions, as shown in Table 2 :

Table 2 The Solution Result of the Model

From table 2 we can learn that , when αand βchange ,the result is different .However we can obtain a series of Pareto results.

6.CONCLUSION

Human resource allocation in multi-project environment is a complicated problem .This paper analyzes the importance of project’s priority in resource allocation and establishes a human resource allocation model based on priority and cost of projects .Finally, genetic Algorithm is adopted to solve the model.

During the construction process of the allocation model, we have put forward some hypotheses in order to simplify the problem .However, when the enterprises practically allocate the resources, hey will face more complexity, which is the focus of our future study.

翻译：

在项目优先权和成本的基础上对多项目中人力资源配置的研究

林晶晶，周国华

摘要---本文提出项目优先次序的影响因素，为多项目环境配置人力资源引入一个多目标优化模型。这一模型的目标是使得由于项目时间限制的延误损失的成本最低和具有最高优先顺序项目的延迟最小。然后用遗传算法求解该模型。最后，用一个数值例子证明该模型和算法的可行性。

关键字---遗传算法;人力资源配置;多项目、项目的优先权;

1 、引言

越来越多的企业面临的挑战是多项目管理，这已经成为项目管理研究的焦点。多项目环境中，诸如资金，时间和人力等资源的共享和竞争经常发生。因此合理安排项目的进度，以满足不同资源的需求并缩短项目造成的资源约束。对于许多企业来说，人力资源是最宝贵的资产。所以企业应合理有效分配每个资源，尤其是人力资源，用以缩短时间减少项目的成本和增加效益。

一些文献中曾讨论的存在资源约束的多项目环境中资源分配问题。设计一个迭代算法，并提出了资源约束的多项目调度的数学模型。基于工作分解结构（ wbs ）和dantzig -wolf的分解方法，人们曾演示过一个可行的多项目规划方法。讨论基于分支定界的方法的资源受限项目的调度。提出在长期、中期和短期的多项目及研究和开发（ R ＆ D ）环境中人力资源配置框架。在gpss语言的基础上，为了获得该项目的持续时间和资源的分配而建立仿真模型的资源配置。用遗传算法解决了工程项目的资源优化问题。这些文献虽然合理优化了多项目的资源配置，但它们都有相同的先决条件即该项目的重要性是一样。本文将引进数学模型用以分析项目优先权在人力资源配置中的作用。最后，用遗传算法求解这一模型。

2. 项目优先权对人的资源分配的作用和影响项目优先权的因素

资源共享是是多项目管理一个主要特点。共享资源的分配涉及到资源使用的效率和合理性，当资源发生冲突时，应该首先满足最高优先权项目的资源的需求。在此之后，较低优先权的项目才予以考虑。

基于项目分类管理的思想，本文将归类项目的优先次序的影响因素分为三类。正如项目的利润一样，复杂的项目管理和技术以及战略都影响着企业的未来

人力资源外包外文翻译

人力资源外包外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

外文文献及翻译材料 Human Resource Outsourcing The innovation of technology and economic globalization change the economic environment of enterprises. To conquer the uncertainty in the environment and keep the competitive advantage，human resource outsourcing，one of HR service delivery models，has become more and more enterprises choice，which can reduce cost，improve efficiency and gain competitive advantage. Human resources outsourcing means that the enterprise in order to better carry out human resources management activities，part of the business of outsourcing，using outside outstanding professional skills to be integrated in order to achieve lower costs，improving the quality of service and more focus on human resources to the core business objectives。The domestic human resources outsourcing are relatively concentrated in the cause、advantages、select、a risk model、enterprises from the angle of view of human resources outsourcing more，and the choice of outsourcing service providers research is relatively small。Comprehensive exposition of human resources outsourcing decision-making、risk analysis、decision-making processes，Thus the choice of outsourcing service providers to provide some advice。 This thesis concludes the main content of HR0 based on the relevant theory and literature of HRO; then using the method of data analysis and comparison，and collecting the data of HR0 from The West countries，Asia area and China. In this thesis we mainly compare about the HRO function，HR0 reason and Perspective risk between these countries，and come out some valuable information，which is foundation of improve the level of Chinese HRO. Then we analyze Chinese HR0 further to find out the Problem in Chinese HRO，and come out the framework in Chinese HR0 from different angles covering HR0 market，HRO enterprise and HRO service provider and HRO process. Then we give the suggestions for Chinese HR0 from these four levels. Finally, the thesis has a case analysis on one HRO service provider，and discusses its history，HR0 content and process. Then we conclude its developing stage，main characteristics，problems and improvement.

毕业论文外文文献翻译-数据库管理系统的介绍

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展示体验建筑设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

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人力资源中英文文献

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