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仁爱初二英语语法知识点总结

仁爱初二英语语法知识点总结
仁爱初二英语语法知识点总结

仁爱初二英语语法知识点总结

Good morning,sir.

Good morning,sir.先生(老师),早上好。句中的sir意思是“先生”,单独使用,不可加在人的姓前,是称呼对方的一种尊称。例如:

Excuse me,sir.

对不起,先生。

Yes,sir.

是的,先生。

Where is the post office,sir?

先生,请问邮局在什么地方?

Welcome back to school!

Welcome back to school!欢迎大家返校!welcome 表示“欢迎”,可作感叹词,动词和形容词。作为感叹词可单独作用,也可以和表示到达场所的副词或to的介词短语连用。例如:

Welcome!Welcome!

欢迎!欢迎!

Warmly welcome!

热烈欢迎!

Welcome to our school!

欢迎到我们学校!

We welcome you to our class.

我们欢迎你到我们的教室。

You are welcome to do it.

你尽管做好了。

I'm your new teacher this term.

I'm your new teacher this term.本学期,我是你们的新老师。句是的this term 表示“本学期”,this在这儿表示“目前这段时间”,类似这样的写法还有this week(本周),this month(本月),this year(今年),this morning(今天早上)。注意本短语作时间状语,不需要介词,直接写就可以。例如:

I read the text this morning.

我今天早上读课文。

We are going to help farmers this week.

本周我们要去帮助农民干活。

This is our first lesson,so I don't know all your names.

This is our first lesson,so I don't know all your names.这是我们的第一节课,所以我不知道你们的姓名。句中的so是一连词,连接两个具有因果关系的并列句,前面的句子表示原因,后面so引导的句子表示结果。例如:

She has an English class this morning,so she brings her English book.

她今天早上有英语课,所以带上了英语书。

I haven't exercise book,so I want to buy one on the way to school.

我没有练习本了,所以我要在去学校的路上买一个。

I have them on this piece of paper.

I have them on this piece of paper.在这张纸上我有你们的名词。Paper 意思是“纸张”,它是不可数名词,要表示数量可用a piece of 修饰。A piece of 表示“一张”,复数在piece的后面加"s "例如:

Can you give me a piece of paper?

你能给我一张纸吗?

There are two pieces of paper on the desk.

桌子上有两张纸。

It doesn't matter this time.

It doesn't matter this time.这一次没关系。It doesn't matter是一句用来回答对方的歉意用语,表示“没关系”,也可以说成That's all right.或That's OK.例如:

"I'm sorry I'm later.""It doesn't matter."

“对不起,我迟到了。”“没关系。”

"I'm really sorry I can't help you.""It doesn't matter."

“真对不起,我帮不了你。”“没关系。”

What can you see in the picture?

What can you see in the picture?在图片中,你能看到什么?in the picture 表示“在图片(照片)中”,指的是图片中的内容。说明一个物体中有什么组成部分,要用介词in,说明一个物体在另一物体上,要用介词on 。例如:

I can see two ships in the picture.

从照片中我能看到两艘船。

There is a picture on the wall.

墙上有一副照片。

How many people can you see in the picture?

How many people can you see in the picture?照片上你能看到多少人?people作为可数名词,单数和复数形式一样。没有数量词修饰时,表示“人民”。例如:

There are three people in the room.

房子里有三个人。

People like him very much.

人民很喜欢他。

I usually walk on foot.

I usually walk on foot.我通常步行(到学校)。On foot表示“步行”。例如:

I sometimes go shopping on foot.

我有时步行去买东西。

He likes going to school on foot.

他喜欢步行去上学。

How do you usually go home?

How do you usually go home?你通常怎样回家。Go home 表示“回家”,home 是一副词。直接写在动词的后面。如果要到其它的地方,则需要加介词to 。例如:

We want to go home next week.

我们想下一周回家。

They go to the factory everyday.

他们每天去工厂。

I like walking.

I like walking.我喜欢步行。本句的Like 是动词,后面可以接名词,动词不定式或者分词。接不定式表示比较具体的事物,接分词表示比较笼统的事物。例如:

I like to hear your song.

我喜欢听你的歌。

I like to be with you.

我喜欢和你在一起。

He likes walking after supper.

他喜欢晚饭后散步。

Are you free tomorrow night?

Are you free tomorrow night?明天晚上你有空吗?be free 表示“有空闲时间”这是一个由“系动词be +形容词”构成的短语。例如:

"Can you come here?""Sorry,I'm not free now."

“你能来一下吗?”“对不起,我现在没有时间。”

He is free today.I think he can help you.

他今天没事,我想他能帮你。

I'd like you to meet my parents,too.

I'd like you to meet my parents,too.我还想让你见见我的父母亲。句中的'd like 表示“想要”,是would like的缩写形式。would like sb.to do 表示“想让某人干某事”.例如:

I'd like you to have some tea.

我想让你喝点茶。

He'd like me to help him.

他要我帮助他。

Mr King is taller.

Mr King is taller.金先生的个了比较高。句中的taller是tall的比较级形式,表示“比较高”,如果要表示“比…”,选用than…。例如:

This box is bigger than that one.

这个盒子比那个盒子大。

Ma Lili's ruler is longer than my ruler.

马莉莉的尺子比我的尺子长。

关于形容词的比较级用法,请参考本软件的“英语语法”项目。

Would you like one of these mooncakes?

Would you like one of these mooncakes?你愿意吃一块蛋糕吗?"one of …"表示“…的其中之一”,of 后面跟带有冠词the的复数名词,也可以跟物主代词。One 可以换成其它数词或者some,all,None等。例如:

One of the students is from American.

其中有一个学生是美国人。

Two of them are late for school today.

他们当中有两人今天迟到了。

Some of the workers are working in the machine.

有一些工人正在操作机器。

All of us are here.

我们大家都在这儿。

None of them can do it.

他们当中没有一人能做这件事。

Jim's cake is the biggest of all.

Jim's cake is the biggest of all.吉姆的蛋糕是最大的。句中的biggest 是big 的最高级形式,表示“最…”,在句中最高级前常加一冠词the ,后面要有表示范围的短语。例如:

She is the youngest of all.

她是所有里面最漂亮的。

This box is the biggest of all.

这个盒子是最大的。

关于形容词的最高级用法,请参考本软件的“英语语法”项目。

How delicious they are!

How delicious they are!他们(月饼)多好吃啊!这是一句感叹句。感叹句由how或者what引导,how修饰形容词或副词,what修饰名词,其中名词常带有形容词作定语。例如:

How happy they are!

他们多幸福啊!

How hard they study!

他们学习多努力啊!

What a nice picture it is!

多好的一张图片啊。

We are going to play football.

We are going to play football.我们将要去踢足球。be going to 表示“将要”,这是一个表示“即将要发生或者打算,计划,决定要去做某事”的句型。To是不定式符号,后接动词。例如:

I'm going to see my friend.

我要去看我的朋友。

Are you going to help the farms this afternoon?

你今晚要去帮助农民干活吗?

注意:如果不定式动词是go,come,leave,则用它们的现在进行时态形式来表示“将来”。例如:

We are going to Bei Jing next week.

我们下周要去北京。

Don't worry.I'm coming.

别着急,我就来。

She is leaving now.

她现在就要走了。

We are going to have a swim.

We are going to have a swim.我们要去游泳。Have a swim 表示“游泳”,这是一个“have +名词”的动词短语,通过名词引伸出动作含义来。例如:

Have a talk 交谈,have a rest 休息一下,have a lesson 上课,have a class 上课,have a meeting 开会,have a breakfast 吃早饭,have lunch 吃午饭,have supper 吃晚饭,have meals 吃饭,have a good time 玩得愉快,have a walk 散步,have a look 看一看。

Could you get some for me,too?

Could you get some for me,too?你能替我买一些吗?句中的get 有“获得”,“取得”,“到达”,“买”等意思。应根据句子内容具体理解。例如:

I want to get an exercise book on the way home.

我想在回家的路上买个作业本。

How do you get to the factory?

你怎样去工厂。

I get a letter for you.

我给你带来了一封信。

Why not?

Why not?当然可以。这是一句对对方要求的肯定答复。用反问形式来表示肯定答复。例如:

"Can you go shopping with me?""Why not?Let's go."

“你能和我一起去买东西吗”“当然可以,走吧。”

"Would you like to help me with my English?""Why not?Let's begin."

“你愿意帮我学习英语吗?”“当然可以,咱们开始吧。”

Morning.Jim!

Morning.Jim!早上好。吉姆。当早上遇见比较熟悉的人或朋友时,可把“Good morning"问候语简单地说成"morning",也可以把"Good afternoon"说成"afternoon",但不如"morning"使用的多。例如:

Morning.Xiao Li.

早上好,小李。

Afternoon.Miss Gao.

高小姐。下午好。

How far is it?

How far is it?有多远?这是一个询问距离有多远的句型。为明确“从…到…”的距离,可在句尾加"from…to…"或者"from…"。回答时,可用"It's …."例如:

"How far is it from here to there?""It's one kilometre."

“从这儿到那儿有多远呢?”“有一公里。”

"How far is the shop from here?""It's not far."

“商店离这儿有多远?”“不远”

"How far is it from your school to my school?"

"It's five minutes'drive."

“从你的学校到我的学校有多远呢?”

“开车五分钟时间的路程。”

Let's get on the bus.

Let's get on the bus.让我们上车吧。句中的get on意思是“上车”,它的反义词,get off。例如:

Get on the bus,please.

请上车。

We get to Bei Jing.Please get off the train.

我们到达北京了,请下火车吧。

The people are all working hard.

The people are all working hard.所有的人都在努力地干活。All 表示“都”,“全部”,它和动词一起作用时,all 要写在系动词,情态动词,助动词的后面,实意动词的前面。例如:

We are all workers.

我们都是工人。

You must all finish the homework tonight.

你们今晚必须完成作业。

We are all listening to you.

我们都在听你讲话呢。

Who has the most apples,Li Lei,Jim or Lily?

Who has the most apples,Li Lei,Jim or Lily?谁拿的苹果最多,李雷,吉姆还是莉莉?这是一句最高级形式的选择疑问句。前面是一个特殊疑问句,后面加用or连接的选择部分,如果有多项选择,则在最后两个词之间加or。比较级形式也是这样。例如:

Which is dear,this one or that one?

哪一个贵,这一个还是那一个?

Who is the tallest,Han Meimai,Kate or Li lei?

谁个子最高,韩梅梅,凯特还是李雷?

Can you reach them?

Can you reach them?你能够着苹果吗?reach 表示“到达”,“伸出”之意。可用作及物动词和不及物动词。用作不及物动词可与for连用,表示“伸手去够”。例如:

We can't reach the apples on the tree.

我们够不着树上的苹果。

He reaches for the book behind the box,but he can't get it.

他伸手去够箱子后面的书,但没有够着。

We are going to reach Taiyuan.

我们就要到达太原了。

Would you like to come to supper?

Would you like to come to supper?你愿意来吃晚饭吗?come to supper 表示“来吃晚饭”,Would you like to…?是一比较委婉,客气的建议或征求对方意见的句型。类似这样的句型还有"Let's do ….","Will you do …?""Shall we do …?""What about …?""Why not…?""What do you think of …?"等。例如:

Let's go to the zoo.

让我们去动物园吧。

Will you have something to eat?

你吃点东西行吗?

Shall we have a rest?

我们休息一下吧?

What about this one?

你看这一个怎样?

What about going to park next week.

下周到公园怎样?

Why not go with me?

为什么不和我一起去呢?

What do you think of reading in the classroom?

你看在教室里读书怎样?

We have our evening meal at about a quarter past six.

We have our evening meal at about a quarter past six.我们在六点差一刻吃晚饭。At about a quarter past six 六点差一刻,或五点四十五。表示钟点时间用介词短语“at +数字+past(to)+数字。前面的数字表示“分钟”,后面的数字表示“小时”。如果分钟不超过半小时,选用"past(过)",如果分钟超过半小时,选用"to(差)"。例如:

We have breakfast at five to seven.

我们七点差五分吃早饭。

We go to school twenty past seven.

我们七点二十五去学校。

I have quite a lot of homework to do.

I have quite a lot of homework to do.我有好多作业要做。To do 是动词不定式,在句中作定语,修饰homework .例如:

Do you have any thing to say?

你有什么要说的吗?

I have nothing to do?

我没有事情要做.

I've no idea.

I've no idea.我不知道。Idea 意思是“主意”,“思想”,“观点”“观

念”。例如:

Do you have any idea about this matter?

你知道这件事吗?

That's a good idea.

是个好主意。

Let's make it a little earlier.

Let's make it a little earlier.让我们把时间定得早一点。Make “制造”,“定制”,it在此指时间,作宾语,后面是宾补成份。例如:

Let's make it half past one.

让我们定在一点半。

We can make it a small box.

我们可以把它做成小盒子。

本单元为阶段总复习,主要内容有:

A.动词的一般正在进行时态。

B.钟点的时间表示方法。

C.建议,询问句型。

D.be going to 的句型。

E.形容词的比较级和最高级形式。

动词的一般正在进行时态:

构成:be doing.

例如:

I am working

我正在工作。

He is working,too.

他也在工作。

否定式:be not doing.

例如:

They are not studying.

他们没有学习。

疑问形式:动词be 提到主语前面。Are you mending the car?

你在修汽车吗?

Is your mother cooking?

你的妈妈在做饭吗?

时间表示法:

What time is it?

几点钟了?

It's five o'clock.(It's five.)

It's a quarter to one.

差一刻一点钟。

It's a quarter past two.

两点一刻。

It's half past two.

两点半。

It's ten minutes to five.

五点差十分。

I usually get up at six.

我常常六点钟起床。

建议,询问句型:

Shall we go to the classroom? 我们到教室里去吧?

Will you come with me?

你愿和我一起来吗?

Let's go shopping.

我们去买东西吧?

Why not have a look.

为什么不看一看呢?

What about five o'clock?

Be going to 的句型:

I am going to study English.

我要学习英语。

He is going to see his friend.

他要去看他的朋友。

Are you going to help the farmers?

你们要去帮农民干活吗?

She is going to Beijing.

她要去北京。

形容词的比较级和最高级形式:

This ruler is longer.

这把尺子长一点。

The box is bigger than that one.

这个盒子比那个盒了大。

He is the tallest of all.

他是他们当中个子最高的。

表示方位的短语:

英语中有许多表示人或物所处位置的短语。它们常常有固定的介词搭配。例如:

on the left/right side.在左/右边。

At the back/front of the classroom.在教室的后/前面。

In the back/front row.在后/前排。

On Wei Hua's left/right.在卫华的左/右边

In the middle of the classroom.在教室的中间。

Next to Meimei.梅梅的旁边。

Behind the desk.桌子的后面。

In front of classroom.在教室(指教室整体)的前面。

In the picture 在照片里。

Six students stand in a row in front of the class.

Six students stand in a row in front of the class.六个学生在全班的前面站成一排。stand in a row.表示“站成一横排”,“站成一纵队”写成stand in a line 。例如:

Please stand in a row.Let’s take a picture.

请站成一排,我们照张照片。

The teacher asks us to stand in lines.

教师让我们站成纵队。

The eraser goes from one student to another.

The eraser goes from one student to another.橡皮擦从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里。From …to….从…到…。例如:

We work from Monday to Friday.

我们从星期一工作到星期五。

They usually watch TV from seven to ten.

他们通常从七点到十点看电视。

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上的其它的学生闭着眼睛。Keep their eyes closed 闭着他们的眼睛。这是一个短语,其构成形式是“keep +宾语+宾补”。宾语可以是名词或代词,宾补可以是形容词,介词短语或者分词。Keep 表示“保持”,本句型意思是“保持(使)…为…状态”。例如:

Please keep our classroom clean and bright.

请保持我们的教室干净明亮。

Everybody must keep your clothes clean.

大家必须保持衣服干净。

It's hot,keep the windows open.

天气热,让窗户开着吧。

Keep it in the box.

就把它放在箱子里吧。

The teacher keeps the students sitting in the classroom.

老师让学生坐在教室里。

Do they pass the eraser from one to another?

Do they pass the eraser from one to another?他们把橡皮擦从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里了吗?pass 表示“传递”,“把…传递给…”可以写成"pass sth.to sb."或者"pass sb.sth."例如:

Please pass this book to Lucy.

请把这本书递给露西。

Pass me some water,please.

请给递些水。

Who can pass the exercise book to Mary?

谁可以把练习薄送给玛莉?

Where is the hospital?

Where is the hospital?医院在什么地方?Where is the …?表示“某地方在哪儿?”,用来询问地方,也可以使用"Is there …?"询问时可加"Excuse me."以表示客气,有礼貌。回答时可根据具体情况回答。例如:

"Excuse me.Where is the post office?"

"It's next to a shop."

“请问,邮局在什么地方?”

“在一家商店的旁边。”

"Where is the station?"

"It's over there on the left."

“车站在什么地方?”

“在左边那儿。”

"Is there a fruit shop near hear?"

"Walk along this road,and take the second turning on the right."

“附近有水果店吗?”

“沿这条路往前走,第二个拐角处向右拐。”

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