建大-英语写作手册-课后题

Part 1

1. Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, he had been

a member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.

Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, who had been

a member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.

2. When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I had not heard him when he came back. Because I had been sleeping soundly.

When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I did not hear him when he came back. Because

I had been sleeping soundly.

3. Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, that was why he got higher pay than others.

Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, which was why he got higher pay than others.

4. No student could answer that question, even Xiao Yao, who was usually quick in answering questions, was silent.

No student could answer that question, even Xiao Yao who was usually quick in answering questions was silent.

5. Lin looks like Li, however, they are not related.

Lin looks like Li, but they are not related.

6. The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looking very sleepy.

The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looks very sleepy.

7. The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, thus, they over fulfilled their quota.

The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, so they over fulfilled their quota.

8. Mark Twain, a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer. Mark Twain is a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer.

Part2

1. Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college last fall.

Xu who comes from a working-class family enrolled in college last fall.

2. The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open on weekends. The dean issued a bulletinwhich said the library would remain open on weekends.

3. Last night was a windy night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.

Last night was a windy night, the thunder roaring, the wind blowing a gale. the rain falling in torrents.

4. There are icicles on the trees. The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night.

The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night for there are icicles

on the trees.

5. He returned to his hometown. He had been away for twelve years. He looked in vain for the familiar landmarks.

After he had been away for twelve years, he returned to his hometown, looking in vain for the familiar landmarks.

6. We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go.

Although we have made some progress, we still have a long way to go.

7. The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly.

The sky was cloudless and the sun was shining brightly.

8. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third of them were foreigners.

There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane, about one third of whom were foreigners.

9. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother was

a famous pianist.

The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.

10. Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France. Napoleon was born in 1769 when Corsica had just been acquired by France.

11. She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.

When she appeared on the stage, a stormy applause broke forth.

12. The gypsies are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe. Once they were thought to be Egyptians.

The gypsies once who were thought to be Egyptians are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe. .

13. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from the veteran workers.

The new workers are young and inexperienced so they are eager to learn from the veteran workers.

14. It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts. They had mud walls and straw roofs. They dotted a hillside.

It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts which had mud walls and straw roofs, dotting a hillside.

15. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.

He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him so he went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.

Part3

1. She began to speak very fast at the meeting at ten o’clock.

She spoke very fast at the 10 o’clock meeting.

2. Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known playwrights.

… of Britain in the 19-20th centuries.

3. The houses were mere shanties, and rags were stuffed in the cracks and holes.

… were mere shanties, with rags stuffed in the cracks and holes.

4. I read the novel on the train, which did not interest me at all.

On the train I read the novel which did not interest me at all.

5. A Well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was

a thief.

We were admitted to the house by a well-dressed man, who was a thief as we learned later.

6. I lost some important documents and found them three days later. The police had helped me.

… and/but found them three days later with the help of the police.

7. We entered the shop, and a saleswoman greeted us, and all kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable, and a lot of customers were buying them.

A saleswoman greeted us as we entered the shop. On the shelves were all kinds of shoes at quite reasonable prices, attracting a lot of customers/buyers.

8. Tell Helen, if she is at home, I will come to see her.

Tell Helen I will come to see her when she is in.

9. Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.

Listening attentively, I heard a faulty sound.

10. On entering the room, no one was seen.

On entering the room, I saw no one.

11. Fred is energetic, capable, and a man you can rely on.

Fred is energetic, capable, and reliable.

12. The children promised to be careful and that they would return home early.…promised they would be careful and return home early.

13. Dickens’s novels offer no solution to the social injustices he ex poses in them. Dickens offers no solution to the social injustices in his novels.

14. My watch is either fast or yours is slow.

Either my watch is fast or yours is slow.

15. Glancing out of the window, a beautiful view attracted my attention.

…, I was attr acted by a beautiful view.

16. He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.

He finished reading nearly 10 books in the vacation.

17. If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the evening school.

…, you can take…

18. She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.

…, but we need not wait for her.

19. To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.

… the good news I posted the letter at once.

20. I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.

…, for I like the poems by the speaker.

Part4

1. In the year 1840 the Opium War broke out.

In 1840 the Opium War broke out.

2. There are more books in their library than in our library.

Their library has moor books than ours.

3. He returned back home after he graduated from college.

He returned home after graduation from college.

4. We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.

We planned to meet just before sunrise.

5. The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.

The cause of the flood was the heavy rain in later spring.

6. He was asked to repeat the sentence again.

He was asked to repeat the sentence.

7. I play badminton equally as well as my brother.

I play badminton as well as my brother.

8. It seemed to his friends that his attitude was of a puzzling nature.

… that his attitude was puzzling.

9. These watermelons are large in size and sweet in taste.

… are large and sweet.

10. He did not tell the truth with an honest attitude.

He did not tell the truth.

11. There are a number of students who want to join the drama club.

A number of students want to join the drama club.

12. He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.

He was so kind as to let me share his umbrella.

13. Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.

Zhao was elected the representative of the class.

14. At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course in geography too.

At present I am taking the course of World History and a course in geography. 15. The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared and could no longer be seen.

After circling the airport for about 10 minutes, the plane disappeared.

16. What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needs improving.

What I am trying to say is that he has not done his work well.

17. I would like you to consider the question of whether or not you will let our journal publish your recent article on women scientists in China.

I would like you to consider whether our journal could publish you article on women scientists in China.

18. Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible for him to fail the exam.

Sin ce he had …, he was ware of the possibility of his failing the exam.

19. You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.

You must work out an outline first, then collect enough materials to support your point.

20. In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing, a thing that occurs every day.

In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing.

21. He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.

He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer.

22. This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.

This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials.

23. As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading room.

Students are usually not allowed to take the books out of this reading room. 24. According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase production and he has no doubt about it.

According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase production.

25. One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.

One of the reasons why people in this county are well informed is that there are many newspapers easily available.

26. Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in 1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.

Statistics show that from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled.

27. There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that production of the factory has been affected.

So many workers are unskilled that the production has been affected.

28. There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.

Many of the 50 patients in this ward are treated by acupuncture / are taking acupuncture treatment.

29. His name is called James Williams.

His name is … / He is … / This is …

30. Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.

Whatever he does, he does his best.

中国历史地理大题通吃

中国历史地理学复习资料 1、试分析地理环境在人类社会发展中的作用 地理环境，或者说，社会发展的自然环境、自然条件、自然基础，是社会物质生活和社会发展的经常的必要条件。它包括在历史上形成的与人类社会生活相互起作用的自然条件，如地理位置、地形、气候、土壤、水文矿藏、植物、动物，等等。人类创造历史的活动是在一定的空间内进行的。从这个意义上说，地理环境就是人类环静，起着类似舞台、布景乃至道具的作用。人类社会，包括的内容有政治、经济、文化。地理环境是怎样作用于政治、经济、文化的呢 2、简述进一万年来中国历史气候变化的大势 对于中国气候变迁史的研究，最早的学者是竺可桢（绍兴人，1890-1974）。 课本34页，概括起来可以说是四暖四冷，即划分为四个温暖时期与四个寒冷时期： 温暖期：1、第一个温暖期是距今8000年——前11世纪全新世大暖期，又称大西洋期（8000-5000）因为距今5000年左右有一个由温暖逐渐转向相对寒冷时期。2、前770年——公元初年，春秋战国秦汉3、公元600——1000年，隋唐时代4、公元1200——1300年，元朝初期寒冷期：1、公元前1000年——前850年，周代初期 2、公元初年到公元600年 3、公元1000——1200年，南宋时代 4、公元1400——1900年，明清宇宙期从第四纪冰后期（也称间冰期）以来的全新世的这一万多年来，相对于冰川期，地球上气候总的来看是温暖的。具体在这个一万年中，气候也在不断变化，这种变化，表现在温度、湿度等气象要素方面，（或者说可通过温度、湿度等的变化表现出来）即幅度的波动现象。一方面，温暖期愈来愈短，（另外，研究还表明）温暖程度也愈来愈低；从气象的另一要素湿度上，这一万年来的主要表现为降水日趋减少，气候的干燥性加强。 3、简述4000年来我国森林资源分布变迁的大势 一）是中国的森林植被不管从总量上讲还是从分布范围上讲，是递减趋势。尤其是与人类自身的发展相比较而言，可以说是人进林退，再具体说是两个方面一是人的生存地域，一是人的生产能力或生活水平，由于种种原因，在不同时期表现在不同地域或不同的速度而已，（二）是从植被类型的变迁来看，总趋势是栽培植被不断扩展，天然植被逐渐缩小（或植被覆盖率大为缩小, 生态平衡受到严重威胁。各个植被带的分布界限在不同历史时期发生一定的南移，这种变化在温带和暖温带地区表现较为明显。天然植被逐渐缩减，栽培植被不断扩展。（主要是经济植被的扩展，生态植被的扩展是20世纪以来随着生态环境的现代意识加强才开始受到重视的）天然植被--栽培植被--次生天然植被--栽培植被的反复出现） 4举例说明历史时期森林资源对中国社会发展的影响 人们对森林的木材资源的大量消耗，地球上的森林面积在逐年变小，这引起了多方面的环境问题： 例如：干旱少雨、气候变暖、动植物资源减少、水土流失、沙尘暴、沙漠化和空气污染加重等。 破坏森林的后果：水土流失、流沙淤积，堵塞水库河道、环境恶化，灾情频繁、降雨分布变化、二氧化碳排放量增加、气候异常、洪涝频发、生物多样性减少 5简述一下历史时期我国珍稀野生动物分布变迁的大势 :趋势：一方面是野生动物分布范围在逐渐缩小，一般从纬度上讲简单说是人进动物退甚至是人增加动物减少甚至是由高纬度向低纬度退缩，那么北半球的中国当然是逐步南退。如大象、犀牛、扬子鳄、大熊猫等，另有特殊情况下是西退，人将其逼近彼处，如野驴、野骆驼。另一方面是野生动物种群和数量都大大减少，一些已经灭绝，而且就某种程度上说，这种灭绝的速度呈现加速度进行着。 原因有三：首先是由于历史气候变化，影响了动物的自然繁殖（所谓适者生存，不适者、不能应变者被自然淘汰。如猛犸）；其次是由于历史时期自然和人为因素造成的植被变化，使动物失去了生存的空间（过去的气候异变导致某些猿类从树上来到了地面，诞生了人类，而今天人们的不当行为正将动物从森林中赶出—因乱砍滥伐导致作为动物栖息地的森林植被减少，灭绝其家园、进而灭绝动物本身。 6用历史上两种野生珍稀动物变迁说明野生动植物变迁与人类社会发展的关系 传统农业社会的发展不可避免的要影响到野生动物的分布，一方面人口增长、膨胀都会相应的缩小野生动物的生存空间；另一方面社会的发展往往又是以依赖一些野生动物资源为背景的。如今，随着环境恶化带来的生物多样性破坏的危机。是人们发现主义生态平衡，维护生物多样性，最终应该是有利于自己的。具体分一下两个方面：A一方面历史时期生物群落间本来存在现实上的生物链，这种生物链有高低层次之分，高层次的生态平衡是以生物多样性为基础的。生态平衡被打破，生物多样性受到影响，生态链向简单化的发展，使生态处于低层次的平衡，这本身不利于社会的发展。B一方面历史时期中国野生动物绝大多数是资粮性动物，因此形成的一些产业，对区域经济的影响是明显的。 社会发展与野生动物兴衰往往是一对矛盾体，一把双刃剑。要把保护野生动物与发展社会经济统一起来。 7、简述近5000年中国水文变化的大势 一、分两方面来讲：量和质。即量的减少（自然和社会因素）和质的恶化（多为人为因素所致）二、 1.江河径流量普遍减小，水位变

中国历史地理趣味题

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