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构词法

构词法
构词法

构词法之一――派生

(懂得构词法可以成倍甚至3倍地增加你的词汇量。)

所谓派生,即在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词。前缀:前缀通常只改变词义,不改变词性。

1、表示否定或相反意义的前缀:

unfair不公平的;unable无能力的;unfit不合适的;unknown不被知道的;

uncover揭开;untie松开;undo松开; unearth掘出; unlock开锁……

disappear消失;disagree不同意;discover发现;……

incomplete不完全的;incorrect不正确的;impossible不可能的;

irregular不规则的;illegal不合法的;irreplaceable 不能代替的……

mistake错误,错拿;misunderstand误解;misuse错用;mislead 误导;

misbehaviour不规矩的行为,mistrust不信任……

不”

non-stop不停的;non-smoker非吸烟者;nonsense 废话……

2、表示其他意义的常用前缀:

,表示“再;又;重”

rewrite重写;reread再读;recycle再循环;reuse再用;rebuild 重建;

regain重新获得;rejoin重新加入;reopen重开……

alone单独的;alike相像的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;……

telephone电话;television电视;telegram电报;telescope望远镜……

enjoy使……高兴;enlarge扩大;encourage鼓励;enable

Internet因特网;international国际的;interview, intermarry, interact ……

multimedia 多媒体; multinational多国的,多民族的; multicolored多彩的;……

fore, 在先”

forehead 前额,前部;领班,工头;forefather祖先,祖宗;forefinger食指,forename 名;forerunner 先驱者;foresee 预见,预知;

foretell 预言;foreword 前言;foresight远见;forearm 前臂;foreground前景trans转换,转移”

translate翻译;transplant移植;transport运输;transmit传输transform(使)改变ex向外的,以前的,前任的”

ex-president前任总统;ex-husband前夫;ex-millionaire前百万富翁

export出口;exclude排除;

anti-:表示“反对

antiwar反战的;antitank反坦克的;anti-Japanese反日本的anti-aging抗衰老的

postwar战后;postgraduate毕业后的,研究生

prewar战前;prehistory史前preview 预演,预展,预览

multimedia多媒体;multi-cultural多元文化的;multi-storey car parks多层停车场;multinational跨国的;multi-purpose多用途的;multilingual说多种语言的

后缀:英语单词除了加前缀构成新词外,更多地可以加后缀,后缀通常会改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词;少数后缀同时会改变词义,多是变为词义相反、词性转化的新词。

常用的后缀如下:

careless粗心的,useless无用的,nameless 无名的, speechless说不出话的;priceless无价的,极贵重的worthless一文不值的……

(注意:加在名词后)

beauty→beautiful美丽的,care→careful小心的,meaningful有意义的

famous著名的,continuous连续不断的,cautious谨慎的,小心的,

curious好奇的;delicious美味的;conscious有意识的,

nation→national民族的、国家的,nature→natural

valuable 贵重的,acceptable可接受的,changeable多变的, reliable可靠的……

cloudy,rainy,icy, noisy , healthy, wealthy, greedy …

active积极的,collective集体的,attentive专心的,attractive吸引人的……

,important, tolerant, significant,

different, dependent, convenient, confident, silent, violent, frequent

friendly友好的;lovely 可爱的;lively 生动的,活泼的;manly有男子气概的;brotherly兄弟般的;motherly慈母般的;fatherly父亲般的;

weekly 每周的;monthly 每月的;year→yearly

childish孩子气的,selfish自私的,bookish

challenging有挑战性的, promising有前途的,inviting诱人的, striking引人注目的, charming 迷人的,daring大胆的,demanding要求高的,苛刻的

advanced高级的/先进的, retired退休的, limited有限的,learned有学问的,blessed可喜的,美好的,distinguished著名的,卓越的,married 已婚的,prepared 愿意的,准备好的

golden金色的;wooden木制的,woolen

troublesome麻烦的;handsome英俊的;lonesome寂寞的awesome令人敬畏的

politic策略性的,political政治的,electric带电的,电动的,electrical有关电的,historic历史上著名的,historical历史(上)的,有关历史的,classic第一流的,classical古典的;economic经济上的,经济学的, economical节约的, chemical

化学的,medical医学的

racial, official, beneficial, facial, artificial, special, social

America→American美国(人)的,Australia→Australian澳大利亚(人)的,……

China→Chinese中国(人)的,Japan→Japanese

注意:以下动词既可以加-ing又可以加-ed构成形容词,但意义不同。

interest, excite, move, touch, frighten; bored, encourage, inspire, develop, convince,

disappoint, discourage, depress, embarrass, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, relax, refresh, tire, exhaust, amuse, confuse, puzzle, alarm, annoy, disturb, disgust, please, satisfy

beauty→beautify美化,pure→purify净化,simple→simplify简单化,

terrify使恐惧/ horrify使恐怖/ classify分类/ glorify颂扬/ modify 修饰/

satisfy 使满意/ identify识别/ symbolize 象征

loose→loosen使松散,……

批评, fertilize使肥沃/施肥

(1)-ly:bad→badly坏地,easy→easily

(2)-ward表示“方向”:backward向后,eastward向东

→dictation听写,collect→collection

agreement协议,government政府,move→movement运动……

流血; beginning 开始;surrounding 围绕物,环境;

misunderstanding 误解,误会;suffering 痛苦,疾苦, training训练

……

arrive→arrival到达;propose→proposal建议;refuse→refusal拒绝;

→approval批准,赞成;survive→survival 幸存

performance表演;entrance入口;appearance出现,外貌……

不同,dependence依靠,reference参考,existence……

happiness幸福,business事务、商业,illness疾病,……

→length长度,wide→width 宽度,deep→depth 深度;

grow→growth 生长;true→truth真理,warm→warmth 温暖……

activity 活动;responsibility 责任;generosity 慷慨……

安全; cruelty残酷; loyalty忠诚

发现, injury受伤, delivery派送, recovery, difficulty, honesty,

accuracy, fluency, frequency, tendency, urgency, efficiency,

failure, pressure, pleasure, mixture, departure,

一口,handful一把,bagful一袋;spoonful 一匙

buyer买主;dealer 经销商;cleaner清洁工,清洁器container 容器;cooker 炊具;walker 步行者/助步车,remiander提醒/提示……

actor演员,sailor海员,operator

employee雇员;interviewee被接见者,被访问者;

committee受托人,财产代管人,委员会;refugee难民,流亡者

仆人,applicant 申请者,assistant助手,defendant被告……

钢琴家,scientist 科学家,socialist

musician音乐家,politician政治家,physician医师,Indian印度人

Chinese, Japanese, Cantonese广东人,……

actress女演员,waitress女服务员,hostess

撒谎者,beggar乞丐,scholar学者,pedlar小贩

(1)-teen构成“十几”:third→thirteen十三,five→fifteen

(2)-ty构成整数“十”:nine→ninety九十,five→fifty

(3)-th构成序数词:five→fifth第五,sixteen→sixteenth第十六,……

否定前缀/后缀

你能写出下列词的反义词吗?

第一组:

usual → lucky → important →

wise →happy → certain →

known → able →familiar →

pleasant →necessary → fair →

healthy → believable → forgettable →

successful →expected →avoidable →

aware →employment →fortunately →

你能总结出规律吗?

第二组:

polite →possible →patient →

practical →proper →perfect →

moral →mature →balance →

legal → logical →responsible→

regular→relative→relevant→

correct →complete →comparable →considerate →convenient → dependent →

direct →efficient →experienced →

evitable → formal →flexible →visible →capable →credible →human →justice →

smoker →stop →

你能总结出规律吗?

第三组:

honest →advantage →agree →

like →appear →able →courage →honor →order →satisfy →

你能总结出规律吗?

第四组:

careful →hopeful →helpful →useful →selfish →meaningful →worth →sensible →fruitful →home →speech →name →

你能总结出规律吗?

动词前缀/后缀

你能写出下列词的动词吗?

第一组:

able →large →rich →danger →courage →cage →

你能总结出规律吗?

第二组:

strength →length →short →

dark →soft →hard →

deep →less →sharp →

sad →wide →worse →deaf →broad ripe →

quick →fast →loose →

你能总结出规律吗?

第三组:

simple →beauty →pure →

class →identification →terror →

你能总结出规律吗?

第四组:

modern →social →apology →

real →special →critical →organ →recognition →symbol →

你能总结出规律吗?

名词后缀

你能写出下列词的名词吗?

第一组:

act →attract →collect →construct →destruct →direct →exhibit →instruct →invent →accommodate →create →protect →react →suggest →connect →interrupt →detect →

depress →discuss →express →impress →

celebrate →communicate →contribute →congratulate →decorate →graduate →devote →dictate →evaluate →hesitate →locate →operate →participate →pollute →situate →separate →translate →recreate →introduce →produce →reduce →receive →solve →describe →prescribe→compete →define →

你能总结出规律吗?

第二组:

admire →determine →explore →examine →imagine →organize →invite →prepare →observe →consider →expect →inform →present →found →relax →transport →

但:apply →pronounce →explain →

你能总结出规律吗?

第三组:

conclude →explode → decide →intend →persuade →permit →admit →collide →

你能总结出规律吗?

第四组:

achieve →advertise →agree →amaze →announce →argue →arrange →astonish →develop →disappoint →employ →encourage →engage →environ →equip →entertain →excite →improve →govern →judge →manage →move →punish →state →settle →adjust →

你能总结出规律吗?

第五组:

perform →guide →assist →

appear →enter →allow →

accept →disappear →persevere →

你能总结出规律吗?

第六组:

depend →refer →prefer →

exist →differ →insist →

你能总结出规律吗?

第七组:

different →patient →dependent →independent →violent →consequent →silent →innocent →absent →important →distant →significant →confident →existent →intelligent →diligent →

你能总结出规律吗?

第八组:

able →active →creative →curious →disabled →equal →

electric →major→ national →necessary →personal →possible →popular →responsible →real →

similar → generous →secure →

safe →cruel →loyal →

difficult →honest →

discover →injure →deliver →inquire →enter →

但:brave →various →

你能总结出规律吗?

第九组:

careless →ill →rude →kind →weak →sick →aware →eager →good →dark →exact →forgive →sad →shy →happy →lazy →easy →

你能总结出规律吗?

第十组:

wide →deep →long →strong →true →young →grow →dead →warm →你能总结出规律吗?

第十一组:

fail →please →press →mix →depart →

你能总结出规律吗?

第十二组:

weigh →complain →

advise →practise →

breathe →choose →speak →

形容词后缀

你能写出下列词的形容词吗?

第一组:

peace →beauty →care →meaning →skill →help →use →hope →cheer →success →power →pain →delight →harm →pity →faith →

你能总结出规律吗?

第二组:

anger →health →wealth →hunger →smell →taste →

sun →cloud →snow →wind →ice →fog →

luck →noise →ease →

hill →sleep →guilt →mess →greed →risk →

dust →rose →mud →

fun →

你能总结出规律吗?

第三组:

believe →comfort →change →enjoy →fashion →forget →reason →move →rely →

value →suit →pass →compare →honor →respect →

你能总结出规律吗?

第四组:

danger →adventure →fame →mountain →curiosity →generosity →courage →variety →glory →anxiety →humor →mystery →poison →religion →caution →你能总结出规律吗?

第五组:

attract →act →select →create →sense →effect →decide →progress →produce →aggress →protect →relate →compete →

你能总结出规律吗?

第六组:

nation →tradition →operation →option →profession →education →emotion →addition →person →season →industry →agriculture →

nature →practice →environment →music →magic →classic →globe →universe →centre →physics →

你能总结出规律吗?

第七组:

fool →self →book →

boy →child →girl →

fever →

你能总结出规律吗?

第八组:

challenge →promise →invite →strike →charm →dare →demand →

advance →retire →limited →learn →bless →distinguish →marry →prepare →

interest →excite →move →frighten →encourage →develop →convince →embarrass →astonish →relax →refresh →exhaust →confuse →alarm →please →

你能总结出规律吗?

副词后缀

你能写出下列形容词的副词吗?

soft →main →fortunate →recent →exact →unfortunate →regular →actual →real →

rude →equal →similar →fluent →careful →final →general →separate →free →sudden →personal →frequent →firm →immediate →slight →extreme →eventual →continuous →serious →absolute →important →lucky →happy →easy →

heavy →gentle →simple →

possible →terrible →comfortable →reasonable →true →whole →

你能总结出规律吗?

表示人的后缀

你能把下列词变成指人的名词吗?

第一组:

act →visit →operate →

direct →report →organize →

lead →play →own →

design →paint →learn →

western →northern →London →

strange →compete →begin →

win →swim →run →

你能总结出规律吗?

第二组:

art →piano →science →

biology →chemistry →physics →

cycle →motor →socialism →

communism →Marxism →nationalism →

tourism →

你能总结出规律吗?

第三组:

library →politics →history →

Italy →Canada →Egypt →

Europe →Africa →America →

Asia →India →republic →

你能总结出规律吗?

第四组:

apply →account → assist →

participate → consult →

你能把下列词变成指女性的词吗?

waiter →host →prince →

steward →actor →god →

你能总结出规律吗?

1. ______________(strange) enough, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.

2. Mr. Smith, _____________(tire) of the ______________(bore) speech, began to read a novel.

3. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not so _____________(fluency) as a native speaker.

4. I don’t think the film is by far the most boring; I have seen _____________(bad).

5. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ___________(hope) have been solved by the end of next week.

6. This food smells _______________(invite).

7. “That would be a very _________________(reason) thing to do in a big city.

8. Mary felt _____________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

9. Nothing could be ___________ (sweet).

10. “But such a small thing couldn’t _______________(possible) destroy a village.”

11. He must be ______________(mental) disabled.

12. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

13. Anaya was filled with great ________________(excite).

14. At last, her courage and _________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.

15. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ________(little) money and ________(few) people.

16. There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.

17. A certain man planted a rose and watered it________( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.

7. reasonable 8. pleased 9. sweeter 10. possibly 11. mentally 12. warmly 13. excitement 14. wisdom 15. less, fewer 16. wonderful 17. faithfully

最新初中英语常用构词法归纳

英语专题讲座(一) 词汇的分类和构词法 一、复习要点阐述 我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容,教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事,就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文,一个孩子从小到大,在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇,所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法,了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中,我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法,使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解,并能正确的使用词汇。 二、要点复习的策略及技巧 (一)英语的词类 英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 (二)构词法 语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段,人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇,这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念,构成语言最基本的词,称为原生词,也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如:sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等,其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步,语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂,原有的原生词已不够用,人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念,按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法,就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法,了解了这些构词法,我们对词的用法就更方便一些。 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式+名词

(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法

高考英语历年真题详解-构词法 2015新课标1卷 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案:regularly 构词法:形容词构副词,形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly,副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。 2015新课标2卷 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 答案:ability 构词法:形容词构名词,名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equality Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.

答案:slowly 构词法:形容词构副词 As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案:natural 构词法:名词构形容词,形容词后缀-al:natural, additional, educational, national 2016全国卷(新课标一) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract). 答案:attraction 构词法:动词构名词,名词后缀-ion, -ation:suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 答案:officially 构词法:形容词构副词 2016全国新课标二卷

构词法

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高三英语构词法重点专题构词法归纳知识点分析

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构词法练习

班级:_________ 姓名:______________ 学号:_______________ 构词法专练 Ⅰ.填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Mary was very sad at the news, so she looked sadly at her husband, her eyes full of ___________(sad). 2.To our ______________ (satisfy),the headmaster was very satisfied with our report. 3.The good working condition in this city is _______(attract). 4.The police are looking into the woman’s____(disappear). 5.After a long_____________ (discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job. 6.Rose had left the company after a____________ (disagree) with her boss. 7.The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were _____________(happy) about the result. 8.There,my voice sounds really ______________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo(回音)to it. 9.Edison was a great _______________ (invent).During his life he had many inventions. 10.She once led a ____________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister. Ⅱ.真题链接 1.While there are ____________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 2.Just be ____________ (patience).(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 3.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ______________(sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014新课标全国Ⅱ) 4.I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain).(2014辽宁) 5.She was _____________ (surprise) helpful.(2014广东) 6.“That would be a very ______________ ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,”Nick said.(2013广东) 7.“But such a small thing couldn’t ______________(possible) destroy a village.”(2013广东)

(完整word版)英语构词法练习题基础篇.docx

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习 A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---_________( rain ---________( health ---________( luck ---__________( B: 名词后加“-ful” )wind ---__________()cloud---__________() )snow ---__________()fun---__________() )noise ---__________()salt---__________() )sleep ---__________()sand---__________() -less“”变成形容词 care ---__________()__________() use---__________()__________() colour---__________() _________() help---__________() __________() hope ---__________()__________() harm---__________() __________() success---________()wonder---_______()peace---__________() sleep ---__________()home---__________()value---__________() C:名词后加“-ern ”变成形容词 east---______()west ---_______()south---_______() north---__________() D:名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---__________()education---__________()tradition---__________() medicine---__________()music ---__________()nature---__________() E:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---___________() love---___________() week---__________() F:名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---___________() mystery---___________() fame---__________() G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---___________() wood---___________() gold---__________() H:名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---___________() athlete---___________() hunger---___________() pride---___________()death---___________()science---___________() knowledge---___________() anger---___________() Africa---___________() America---___________()Asia---___________() Australia---___________() I:动词变名词 ① work---________( 工作者 ) sing---________( 歌手 ) teach---_________( 教师 ) drive---_________( 司机 ) write---________( 作家 ) dance---_________( 舞蹈家 )win---_________( 获胜者 ) run---___________( 赛跑者 ) swim---_________( 游泳者 )act---_________( 演员 ) collect---__________( 收藏家 ) direct---___________( 主管 ) visit---_________( 参观者 ) invent---_________( 发明家 ) translate---_______ _(翻译家 ) ②educate---___________( 教育 ) describe---___________( 描述 ) predict---___________( 预言 ) collect---___________( 收藏 ) invent---___________( 发明 ) build---___________( 建筑物 ) ③mean---___________( 意思 ) meet---___________( 会议 ) cross---___________( 路口 ) turn---___________( 转弯处 ) decide---___________( 决定 ) die---___________( 死亡 ) ④fly---___________( 飞行 ) know---___________( 知识 ) please---___________( 高兴 ) pronounce---___________( 发音 ) mix---___________( 混合物 ) J:形容词的两种形式—ing/— ed

浅析英语构词法

浅析英语构词法 摘要:每一种语言都是随其外部社会环境的变化而演变的,这种演变是通过其 基本单位——单词的变化来实现的。新的单词的产生如同单词的构成一样是有一定 规律的, 即构词法。本文旨在分析英语构词法的san 种形式:转化法,合成法及缀 合法。 关键词:构词法缩略法逆生法拟声法 每一种语言都不是静止的,都是随社会环境的发展而演变的。语言的演变是通过其词素单词的变化实现的。而英语中新词的产生就如同单词的构成一样是有一定规律的。这种单词的构成方法就是英语词汇构成法(word-formation)。下面要介绍的是缩略法,逆生法,拟声法三种构词法。 一、缩略法 1.缩略语的概述 缩略词(abbreviation)指的是“把词的音节加以省略或简化而产生的词”。(汪榕培等,1983)它是现代语言中一种主要的构词手段,是在不改变词语意义的基础上,把原来较长较复杂的词或短语直接或间接地缩减成较短较简单的组合。用这种方法创造出来的新词或短语就称之为缩略词语。 2.缩略法的原则 缩略法的第一原则是其等价性,或一一对应性,或一致性。即:原文缩略语例如:yard = yd(码);dormitory = dorm(宿舍)从原文到缩略语和从缩略语到原文是等价的,或一一对应的,一致的,不存在含义上的混淆。缩略法的第二个原则是最简性,即尽量用最少的符号去代表原文的含义。例如:Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic InstructionCode = BASIC(一种计算机语言)缩略语取其每个字的首字母构成一个最简单但又能代表其意义的缩略语。类似的例子还有:例如:SAL T (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈)。缩略法的第三原则是习惯性,或者说方便记忆,识别和推断。例如:Xmas 就是用来代表拼写繁复的Christmas造出来,并且已为人们所接受了的一个最有说服力的例子。 以上这些原则是一般对缩略语的要求。这些原则严格来说是难于得到完全满足的。因为缩略语是用较少的符号去代表原文。更何况不同地区、行业、经历、时代、习惯的人有不同的理解。因此缩略语只是在一定范围内(专业、地区、时代)为多数人共识。即缩略语往往带有专业性、地区性、时代性等特征。即使是同一专业同一本书的缩略语表中也不一定会满足一一对应性。例如[1],Doctor of Philosophy(哲学博士)有两种形式的缩略语,Ph D 和D Ph。而同一缩略形式又代表两个不同的含义。如:Dr Ph 代表Doctor of Public Health (公众健康博士)和Doctor of Public Hygience (公众卫生博士)。为了满足第一原则的要求,一些国际期刊、金融机构、货币名称对缩略语都作了标准化的统一。例如:瑞士法郎Swiss Franc,有的简写为SWF,而国际标准写法是CHF。 3.英语缩略语的构成规律

高考英语复合词和构词法分析

高考英语复合词和构词法分析

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hiding-place, reading-room get-off, break-in, breakdown, breakup output, overflow pickpocket , overcoat, inland he-goat, she-wolf editor-in-chief, father-in-law 方式例词 名词+名 词 horseback , newspaper, cell-phone 形容词+名词back-yard, forehead, greenhouse, blackboard 动名词+ 名词 hiding-place, reading-room 动词+副词get-off, break-in, breakdown, breakup 副词+动 词 output, overflow 动词+名 词 pickpocket , 副词+名overcoat, inland

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词根词缀构词法汇总

词汇进阶-----词根词缀构词法汇总1.常见的词根(转自无优雅思) 常见的词根 1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气” aer oplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作” a ctive, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”,altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更” alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命” biology, bionics(仿生学) 6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brie f, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获” capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让 步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” conc entrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim 11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclud e, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, c ultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, re cord, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作”current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict 16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, do cument. 17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导” int roduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造” factory, effect, profit, fac ulty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击” defen ce, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转” ferry, tr ansfer, defer(迟延) 21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, f inish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix (附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” fl ower, flourish 26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formu la, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” forc e, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” g enerate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录”telegram, diagram, photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progres s 31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, c ohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, i nject 34) jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” c onjunction, junction(连合) 36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作”labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集”collect, select, lecture 38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live 39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location, dislocate(脱位)

构词法精讲

构词法 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。 一、派生法(Derivation) 在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。 (一)后缀法(Suffixation): 这种通过在词根的后面加词缀构成新词的方法叫后缀法。一般情况下,构成新词的词性发生改变,许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 后缀法——名词后缀 1.构成名词的常用后缀有: 2) 构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有:-al, -ance, -ence, -(a)ton, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment,

后缀法——形容词后缀 2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有:-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。例

(二)前缀法(Prefixation):这种通过在词根的前面加词缀构成新词的方法叫前缀法。一般情况下,它不改变新词的词性,只引起词义的变化。许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。

构词法

构词法 派生法 1 前缀 1) 表示“否定”、“相反”意义的词缀: de- decrease减少; decentralize分散; degrade降级,降低的地位; decode解码,破译密码; decompress(使)放松,卸压dis- dislike不喜欢; disagree不同意; disconnect断开,使分离; disinvest减资; disunite使分离,分裂; distrust不信任; disappear消失 il- illegal不合法; illogical不和逻辑的; illegible难以辨认的; illegalize宣布……为非法 im- impossible不可能的; impolite不礼貌的; immoral不道德的; impractical不现实的 in- informal非正式的; incorrect不正确的; incapable无能力的ir- irregular不规则的; irresponsible不负责任的; irresistible不可抵抗的 mis- misunderstand误解; misplace误放; misspell拼写错; miscalculate算错 non- nonstop中途不停的; nonviolence非暴力; nonfiction非小说类文学作品 un- unhappy不高兴的; untrue不真实的; undecided没有定的2) 表示“时间先后”的前缀

ex- ex-husband 前夫; ex-president前总统 fore- foretell 预言; foresight 先见之明; foresee预见,预知 mid- midterm 期中的; midnight午夜 ; the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节 pre- pre-school children学龄前儿童 ; prehistoric史前的 ; prearrange预先安排 post- postwar战后; postgraduate研究生; postdoctoral博士后的3) 表示“方向”“位置”的前缀 ex- export出口; exclude把…...排斥在外; external外部的; exterior外部 in- iuput输入; indoor室内的; inrush涌入; incoming进来的 inter- international国际的; intercontinental洲际的; interchange互换; interdependent相互依赖的; interact相互影响out- output输出,产量; outfall出水口,河口; outdoor户外的sub- subway地铁; subconscious下意识的; subnormal低于正常的 trans- transatlantic横渡大西洋的; transplant移植; transcontinental 横跨大陆的 4) 表示“程度”的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的,惊人的; extracurricular课程以外的mini- miniskirt超短裙; minimum最小量; minibus小型公共汽车over- overpraise过分赞扬; overestimate高估; overburden使......

常见构词法归纳

-- - 常见构词法归纳 1.派生法 (1)前缀 ①表示否定意义的前缀: a. 纯否定前缀: un-: unable, unemployment(失业), unload(卸载), uncover(发现、揭开、揭露), unhappy, untrue, unlike(不像), unrest(不安的,动荡的), unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual(不寻常的;与众不同的), uncertain(无常的、含糊的), unclear(不清楚的), unequal, unlucky, unreal, unkind, unfortable, uneasy(心情不安的), uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, undivided(专心的、专一的、未分开的), unreserved(无保留的、坦白的) dis-: dislike(不喜欢), disarm(解除武装;放下武器), disconnect(vt拆开,使分离), disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability (残疾、无能), discover(v发现), disobey(违反、不服从) in-, im-, il-, ir-: incapable(不能的、无能力的), inability(无能力,无才能), inplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, immoral(不道德的), illegal(非法的), illogical(不合乎逻辑的), irregular, irrelative(无关系的) non-: non-smoker, non-stop(直达的,中途不停的), non-violent(非暴力的), nonwhite(非白人), non-member(非会员), nonparty(无党派), nonsense(无意义,胡说,废话) b. 表示错误的意义: mis-: mistake, mislead(误导), misunderstanding(n), misuse(n/vt滥用、误用、虐待), mistrust, mistreat(虐待) c. 表示“反、防、抗”的意义: anti-: antiknock(n/adj防震), antiforeign(排外的), anti-war(adj,反战的), antitank(反战车的), anti-pollution(防污染,反污染的) ②表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:ward(守卫) a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”:aboard(在飞机上,在船上), aside(在旁边) de- 表示“在下,向下”:decrease(减少,下降), degrade(降级) en- 表示“在内,进入”:encage(入笼), enbed(上床) ex- 表示“外部,外”:exit, expand(扩X), export(输出、出口) fore- 表示“在前面”:forehead(前额), foreground(前景), foreleg, forefoot in-, im- 表示“向内,在内,背于”:inland(内地、内陆), inside, indoor(s)(室内的,户内的;(s)在户内), import inter- 表示“在……间,相互”:international, interaction(相互作用), internet, interview(接见,面试) mid- 表示“中,中间”:midposition(中间位置) out- 表示“在外部,在外”:outline(轮廓,大纲,概要), outside, outward(s)(外表、外面;(s)向外地), outdoor(s) over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”:overlook(忽视,眺望), overhead(在头顶上,在空中), overcoat(大衣,外套), overdress(外衣), oversea(s)(海外) post- 表示“向后,在后边,次”:postscript(附言) pre- 表示“在前,在前面,提前”:prefix(前缀), preface(前言), preposition(介词) super- 表示“在…..之上,超级”:superstructure(上部建筑,上部构造), supernatural(超自然的,不可思议的), superpower(超强特权,超强大国), superman, supermarket trans- 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”:translate, transform(转变、转换、转移), transplant(移植), transportation(交通) under- 表示“在…..下面,下的”:underline(下划线,强调,在下面划线), underground, underwater, undershirt(贴身内衣,美式)up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上”:upward(s)(向上的,上升的), uphold(支撑,鼓励), uphill(上坡),upload(上传) auto- 表示“自己,独立,自动”:automobile(自动车), autobiography[??t?ba?'?gr?f?(自传) tele- 表示“远离”:television, telephone , telegram(电报), telegraph(电报,抽象名词), telescope(望远镜) ③表示时间,序列关系的前缀: fore- 表示“在前面,先前,前面”:foreword(前言), forecast(预报), foretell(预言), foresee(预见), foreknow(先知), foreknowledge (先知) mid- 表示“中,中间”:midnight, midsummer, mid-day, mid-autumn(中秋节)

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