英语四级选词填空题4大解题技巧

英语四级选词填空题4大解题技巧

选词填空题是大学英语四级考试的新题型，占整个考试分值的10%。选词填空题的文章长度在220―250词左右，要求从给出的15个词中选择10个填入合适的空中。选词填空题的题目在考试设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词，设计者一般遵循以下原则：首句不设空;一句话中不设两空;设空比较均匀，基本覆盖整个段落;设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解;选项所提供的词皆为实义词，包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词等，它们与文章的上下文紧密联系;每个正确选项均有干扰项，相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词。因此，要做好选词填空题，必须要在熟悉选项、通读全文、把握文章结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的词汇及句子的结构、语法和语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。

下面介绍一下选词填空题的解题步骤及技巧：

一、浏览全文和选项

这一步是为了了解文章的大致内容和选项，做到心中有数。主要关注文章中涉及的人物、事件、地方、原因以及结果。反复出现的词将会是帮助大家掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。

二、确定选项的词性

选项中的15个词是考查的关键，对于熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性。

辨别词性要注意以下几点：

1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 无法确定时标问号。

2. 不认识的词看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。

3. 词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。

4. 做出相应的标记。

三、瞻前顾后，灵活选词

词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格前后的单词或语句确定所填词的词性，然后从分好类的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。

首先，根据空格的前后决定所填词的词性。

1. 确定空格为名词

(1)空格前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词;

(2)空格后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词);

(3)空格前面是介词的，空格充当介词宾语，应填入名词或动名词。

2. 确定空格为动词

(1)空格前面已经有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词;

(2)空格前面是名词/代词，后面没考试*大有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词;

(3)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配;

(4)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词;

(5)空格前面有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形;若to是介词，应填入动名词。

3. 确定空格为形容词

(1)空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词;

(2)空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词;

(3)空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语。

4. 确定空格为副词

(1)空格前面或者后面为动词，空格处应填入副词;

(2)空格后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词。

其次，利用逻辑关系词确定答案。

在此类题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是至关重要的。文章的逻辑关系是通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定答案。

常见的逻辑关系词

(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as 等

(2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than 等

(3)比较关系：as ... as, like, similarly等

(4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus 等

(5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, and so on 等

(6)递进关系：what’s more, moreover, in addition 等

此外，将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢?这就需要我们进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪个是最佳答案。我们可以通过词义判断和逻辑判断两种方法确定答案。

四、重读文章，确定答案

考生不仅要迅速地确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速地复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等。复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。

通过上面的解题技巧初探，可以归纳出下面的复习备考要点：

一、掌握正确的单词记忆方法

学习单词一定要弄清楚其具体含义和使用语境。记忆词汇的正确方法是在语境中记忆单词，通过阅读文章来记单词是最佳方法。阅读文章记忆单词时，要注意观察单词在具体语境下的具体含义以及能否用其考试*大他的词来替换该词。此外，还应该学习某一单词常和什么词搭配使用。

二、复习巩固基本语法

大家虽然已经掌握了基本语法，但是在实际运用时不一定都能运用自如。遇到这种情况，就需要大家找一本内容全面的语法书把相关的内容，特别是有关词性及句子结构的内容好好地复习巩固一下。

三、做适量的练习

在复习备考的过程中，无论使用什么方法和技巧，都需要大家亲自去实践和运用。只有经过大量的练习，才能对这种题型有一定的认识，才能真正找到感觉。

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