结构专业常用英语词汇
结构专业常用英语词汇
1. 一般术语房屋建筑工程building engineering 土木工程civil engineering 建构筑物construction works 结构structure
基础foundation
地基ground; foundation soils 木结构timber structure 砌体结构masonry structure 钢结构steel structure 混凝土结构concrete structure 特种结构special engineering structure
房屋建筑building 工业建筑industrial building 民用建筑civil building 水工建筑物marine structure 剪力墙结构shear wall structure 混合结构mixed structure 板柱结构slab-column system 框架结构frame structure 壳结构shell structure 拱结构arch strucuture
桁架结构truss
网架结构
space grid structure 悬索结构cable-suspended structure
框架-剪力墙结构
frame-shear wall structure
筒体结构tube structure 高耸结构high-rise structure 斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge 桁架桥trussed bridge 拱桥arch bridge 引桥approach span 桥墩pier
隧道tunnel 混凝土坝concrete dam
渠道
channel
2. 结构构件构件member 部件component; assembly parts 梁beam
截面section 板slab; plate 柱column 墙wall 壳shell 桁架truss
框架frame
刚架rigid frame
排架bent frame 简支梁simply supported beam 悬臂梁cantilever beam 连续梁continuous beam 叠合梁superposed beam 伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint
截水沟(天沟)catch ditch;
intercepting channel 排水沟drainage ditch 护坡slope
protection;revetment 挡土墙retaining wall 止水sealing; seal;节点joint
桩pile
沉降缝settlement joint 防震缝
aseismic joint
施工缝
construction joint
基础梁
foundation beam 桩承台
pile cap;
bearing platform
底板 bottom slab
水池顶板basin top slab
现浇墙板
cast-in-place wall
panel
预制墙板pre-cast wall panel 钢筋混凝土框架
reinforced concrete
frame 钢筋混凝土柱reinforced concrete column
先张法预应力混凝土管桩pretensioned spun concrete piles 钢筋混凝土现浇板 cast-in-place
reinforced concrete slab
斜梁 stringer 平台梁 beams of platform 女儿墙 parapet
人孔盖板 manhole cover
集水坑catchment pit 溢流槽 flood relief channel 爬梯
ladder
牛腿 bracket
仪表槽盒支架instrument trench support 电缆支架cable trench support 支撑
brace
支架
support
3. 结构材料预埋件embedded plate 钢板steel plate 钢圆环 steel ring plate 雨水篦子板 rain water grating 钢筋reinforcing bar I 级 grade I
热轧光圆钢筋hot rolled plain steel bars 热轧带肋钢筋hot rolled ribbed steel bars
插筋anchor rebar 钢筋锚固长度bond length of rebars 钢筋搭接bar splicing 箍筋stirrup 纵向钢筋longitudinal bar 弯起钢筋bent-up bar
钢筋间距rod spacing;bar spacing
搭接长度overlapping length 胀锚螺栓 expansion bolts 螺母
nut
锚栓
anchor bolt
地脚螺栓
foundation bolt
M30六角螺帽M30 six angle screw cap 外露100，丝扣80outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm
垫片 washer
C40混凝土C40 concrete: class 40早强剂early-strength admixture
细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 防冻附加剂antifreeze admixture 配合比mixture ratio
抗渗等级
P8 seepage class:抗压强度
compression strength 混凝土保护层厚度minimum concrete cover 普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary portland cement 砂sand
卵石pebble 碎石
crushed stone
砾石
gravel
骨料aggregate 水泥cement 粘土砖clay brick 垫层cushion
4. 地基基础扩展基础spread foundation 地基ground,foundation soils 刚性基础rigid foundation 独立基础
single footing 联合基础combined footing 条形基础strip founcation 壳体基础shell foundation 箱形基础box foundation 筏形基础raft foundation 桩基础pile foundation
沉井基础open caisson foundation
大直径桩基础cylinder pile foundation 土岩组合地基soil-rock composite ground
地基允许变形值allowable subsoil deformation
地基处理ground treatment 复合地基composite foundation 强夯dynamic compaction 支档结构
retaining structure 基坑工程
excavation engineering 高应变动力检测high strain dynamic testing of piles
单桩竖向抗压静载试验vertical compression
bearing capacity static test for
single pile 单桩水平静载试验
lateral bearing capacity static test for single pile
单桩竖向抗拔静载试验vertical up-lifting bearing capacity
static test for
single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical ultimate compress bearing capacity of a single pile
桩侧摩阻力
skin friction
resistance 桩顶水平位移lateral displacement 桩端阻力
end bearing
resistance
单桩静载试验static test of single pile
单桩水平极限承
载力
ultimate lateral
bearing capacity for
a single pile
单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力ultimate vertical up-lifting bearing capacity for a single pile 素填土 Plain Fill 粉土
Silt
粉质粘土 Silty Clay 淤泥质粉质粘土Sludgy Silty Clay 粉砂Silty Sand 高压缩性 high compressibility 中粗砂medium sand 中等压缩性 medium compressibility 中细砂
fine sand
低压缩性 low compressibility 可塑~硬塑状态 plastic-hard plastic 泥质粉砂岩 Muddy Silty stone 流塑状态 flow plastic
粉砂质泥岩 Silty mudstone 局部软塑状态 partly soft plastic 泥岩 Mudstone
饱和saturated 强风化 high weathered 松散incompact
中等风化 medium weathered 轻微裂缝 slight defective pile 断桩 breakage of pile
桩身完整
pile of body integrity
缩颈
pile diameter reduction
缺陷 defect
压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 渗流 seepage flow
内聚力（粘聚力）
cohesion
5. 钢结构钢结构 steel structure 底漆
paint primer
涂层
coating 中间漆intermediate painting 油漆，涂料 paint 面漆 finish coat 流坠
hanging
透底 disclosure
皱皮 wrinkle 漏涂 miss painting 返锈 rust again
漆膜厚度 film thickness 结构构件 structural member 垂直支撑vertical bracing 桁架
truss
小立柱 post WA325钢格栅板 WA325 grating 斜梁 stringer
踏步板 treads
钢梯 steel stairway 踏步钢格板 grating for stair tread 斜梯栏杆 guard rails
不锈钢栏杆 stainless steel handrail
预制场地 prefabrication area 平台栏杆 GR of platform
原材料 raw material
半成品 semi-finished goods 除锈 remove rust, cleaning 切割 cutting 喷砂 sand blasting 打磨坡口 grinding
型钢 section steel 热轧工字钢
hot-rolled I-beam steel 热轧钢板 hot-rolled plates 热轧不等边角钢hot-rolled unequal-
leg
angle steel
热轧等边角钢hot-rolled equal-leg angle steel
热轧H型钢hot-rolled H steel 热轧槽钢hot-rolled channel steel 无缝钢管 seamless steel pipes
扁钢 strap steel 不锈钢板
stainless steel
plate 垂直度 verticality 分片组装
be assembled by
sections
现场成框
framed at site
焊缝 weld seam V型坡口V-type bevel 焊缝高度 weld height 焊枪 welding gun 焊缝长度 weld length 焊机 welding machine 气焊 gas welding 焊炬
welding torch 电焊 electric welding 自动和半自动电弧焊automatic and
semi-automatic welding 手工焊 hand welding
对焊 butt welding 焊条 weld rod, electrode 角焊缝 fillet 间断焊接 gap welding 咬边 undercut 针孔 pinhole 夹渣 slag
裂纹 crack
烧穿 burning out 漏焊 losing welding 弧坑 concavity 未焊透lack of fusion 打磨 grind
火焰切割 torch cutting 喷砂除锈The sand blasting 机械钻孔
drill by machine
预拉力 prestressed 高强度大六角头螺栓连接副Set of big hexagonal high-strength bolt 抗滑移系数Slide coefficient of faying surface 扭矩系数torsional moment coefficient
终拧扭矩
final torsional moment
6. 荷载、强度、可靠度剪力shear 剪切变形shear deformation
压力pressure
延伸率percentage of elongation 剪切模量shear modulus 拉力tension 应力stress
应变strain
应力集中concentration of stress
应力松弛stress relaxation 应力图stress diagram 应力状态state of stress
位移 displacement 弹性变形 elastic deformation 变形 deformation 塑性变形 plastic deformation 应变 strain
剪应变 shear strain 线应变 linear strain 主应变 principal strain 轴向力 normal force 主应力 principal stress 正应力
normal stress
预应力
prestress
应力应变曲线stress-strain curve 裂缝crack
抗压强度compressive strength 抗弯强度bending strength 抗扭强度torsional strength 抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服yield
屈服点yield point
屈服荷载yield load 屈服极限limit of yielding
屈服强度yield strength 屈服强度下限lower limit of yield 荷载load
横截面section, cross 承载力bearing capacity 承重结构bearing structure 弹性模量elastic modulus 塑性plasticity
延性ductileity
受弯构件member in bending 轴向拉力axial tension 受拉区tensile region 可靠性reliability 受压区compressive region 粘结力cohesive force 配筋率reinforcement ratio 偏心受拉eccentric tension 配箍率stirrup ratio 偏心受压eccentric compression 泊松比Poisson’s ratio 偏心距eccentric distance 跨度span
疲劳强度fatigue strength 跨高比span-to-depth ratio 偏心荷载eccentric load
设计限值 limiting design value
截面宽度 breadth of section 截面高度 height of section 截面厚度 thickness of section 截面直径 diameter of section 截面面积
area of section 截面周长 perimeter of section 截面模量（抵抗矩）
section modulus
截面惯性矩 second moment of area
截面极惯性矩polar second moment of area
截面回转半径 radius of gyration 长细比 slenderness ratio 偏心矩 eccentricity 偏心率 relative ecdentricity 振动 vibration 自振频率 natural frequency 加速度 acceleration 振周期natural period of vibration
频率 frequency
振幅 amplitude of vibration 自由度 degree of freedom 振型 mode of vibration 阻尼 damp
共振
resonance
强迫振动 forced vibration 设计荷载design load 挠度deflection 设计强度design strength 构造construction 脆性破坏brittle failure 延性破坏ductile failure 可靠性 reliability
适用性 serviceability
安全性 safety
耐久性 durability
设计基准期 design reference period
可靠概率 probability of survival 可靠指标 reliability index 失效概率
probability of failure 概率设计法 probabilistic method
极限状态设计法 limit states method 容许应力设计法
permissible stresses method
正常使用极限状态 serviceability limit states
承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit states 极限状态 limit states
分项系数
partial safety factor
体分布力 force per unit volume 作用 action
力矩
moment of force
线分布力 force per unit length
永久作用 permanent action 面分布力 force per unit area 可变作用 variable action 偶然作用 accidental action 静态作用 static action 固定作用 fixed adtion 动态作用 dynamic action 自重 self weight 温度作用 temperature action 施工荷载 site load
地震作用 earthquake action 土压力 earth pressure 水压力 water pressure 风荷载 wind load
雪荷载 snow load 风振
wind vibration 吊车荷载crane load 屋面活荷载floor live load 浮力 buoyance
浪压力（波浪力） wave pressure 泥沙压力 silt pressute 冰压力 ice pressure 冻胀力 frost heave force 静水压强 hydro-static pressure 静水总压力total hydro-static pressure
动水压强 hydro-dynamic pressure
压力水头 pressure head 作用代表值 representative value of an action
作用准永久值
quasi-permanent value of an action
作用标准值 characteristic value
of an action
作用组合值
combination value of actions
作用设计值
design value of an action
作用效应 effects of actions 作用组合值系数coeffcient for
combination value of
actions
作用效应系数 coefficient of effects of actions
作用效应基本组
合
fundamental
combination for
action effects 短期效应组合 combination for short-term action effects 作用效应偶然组
合
accidental
combination for
action effects 长期效应组合
combination for long-term action effects 轴线axes
标高
elevation; datum mark 坐标coordinate
基准点，标高datum mark
中心标高center elevation 绝对标高absolute elevation 相对标高relative elevation 平面控制plane control 高程控制elevation control 水准点bench mark
经纬仪transit
坐标控制点coordinate control points
水准仪surveyor level 测杆surveying rod 钢卷尺steel tape
测距仪
range finder
7. 土建施工挖掘 excavate 履带式推土机crawler dozer 挖土机 excavator 履带式起重机crawler crane 反铲挖土机
back digger 压路机 road roller
挖沟机 trench digger 翻斗车 tipping skip 铲运机 scraper
自卸卡车 dumping truck 洒水车 sprinkler 回填
back fill 土方工程 earth work 蛙式打夯机 frog rammer 钢筋切断机 bar cutter 钢筋弯曲机 angle--bender
基坑foundation pit 双排竖管脚手架independent scaffold 脚手架
scaffold
管子脚手架pipe scaffold 单排竖管脚手架putlog scaffold 满堂脚手架full framing 立杆 the standing pole 扫地杆 ground bars 横杆 ledger
脚手板 scaffold board 防护栏 protective barrier,guard rail 隔离剂 isolating agent 扣件 coupler
旋转扣件swivel coupler 十字扣件double coupler 套筒扣件sleeve coupler 钢筋加工 rebar fabrication 铁丝 iron wire
钢筋连接 rebar connection 绑扎lashing 搭接 lap
焊接 welding
搭接接头 lap joint 焊接接头 welded joint 搭接焊
lap welding 砂浆垫块mortar block
制模，模板工程formwork 组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 模板form
模板配板 formwork configuration 模板支设 formwork erection 安装偏差 installation deviation 模板接缝
the formwork joint
泵送混凝土
pumping of concrete 混凝土中心搅拌站 centralized concrete
mixing plant 浇灌混凝土
concrete pouring, depositing concrete,模板拆除 formwork removal 混凝土搅拌汽车concrete mixer truck 混凝土搅拌concrete agitation 插入式振捣器 insertion type vibrator 振捣混凝土 vibrated concrete 平板振动器 plate vibrator 抹子，泥刀 trowel 抹灰，抹光 toweling
坍落度slump
两组试块two sets of testing blocks
混凝土取样witness sampling of concrete
混凝土施工缝处理treatment of concrete construction joint 初凝 initial set
终凝final set
初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝时间final setting time 混凝土养护concrete curing 草垫 straw mattress
回填
back fill
回填夯实backfill consolidation 1:2水泥砂浆20厚1:2 cenment mortar thickness 20mm 找平层leveling blacket 抹灰
plastering 抹平，找平screeding 抹灰底层rendering coat 抹光，压光
trowel finish
灌缝；灌浆
grout
抹灰罩面层setting coat二次灌浆post-grouting
填料filling翼环plate ring
套管pipe sleeve石棉水泥asbestos cement
油麻oil-- hemp橡胶止水带rubber water stop
密封胶joint sealant沥青涂层asphalt coating
填缝板joint filler镀锌铁皮galvanized iron sheet