BEC中级考试必看必备学习

美式论文、报告写作技巧

编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：

(一) 篇首：

封面(Title)

序言(Preface)

谢词(Acknowledge)

提要(Summary)

目录(Tables and Appendixes)

(二) 本文：

引言(Introduction)

主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes)

(三)参考资料：

参考书目(References or Bibliography)

附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者：

一.研究的方向

二.研究的范围

三.资料搜集的范围

四.预期研究成果

通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考

资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如Seminar 式的报告。

就算是小报告，也至少应含

(一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期

(二)Summary：即主要的结论

(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容

(四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。

(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论

(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项

美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。

论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。

BEC中级考试题型分析与应试技巧

BEC属于英国剑桥大学考试委员会推出的商务英语考试。其阅读部分的风格，正如雅思等一系列“剑桥出品”：题型丰富，技巧性强。BEC中级部分共有五种题型，分别是搭配题、填句子、阅读理解、完型填空和改错。从能力要求上看，前三类考察的都是快速阅读，寻找要点匹配的

BEC属于英国剑桥大学考试委员会推出的商务英语考试。其阅读部分的风格，正如雅思等一系列“剑桥出品”：题型丰富，技巧性强。BEC中级部分共有五种题型，分别是搭配题、填句子、阅读理解、完型填空和改错。从能力要求上看，前三类考察的都是快速阅读，寻找要点匹配的能力，而后两类是语法运用能力。每部分都有不同的技巧，考生通过反复练习，即可熟悉并掌握这些技巧。

第一部分：搭配题。

搭配题共有四段，给出7个句子，要求找到每句话对应的段落。这部分难度比较大，很多考生会感到比较绕，摸不着头脑。这部分的解题思路是“一个中心，两个基本点”。先阅读文章，快速把握每段的中心，然后再阅读过程中划出4-5个段落的要点。在阅读时要保留一个短期记忆，带着这个记忆阅读7句话。

一般来说，句子中会有明显的同义词转换，可以和原文匹配。比较难的题目不容易发现匹配，而要通过理解句义，来思考哪段会讲这个问题来选择答案。通过大量练习，考生的目标是阅读文章时对考点敏感，阅读句子时，对同义转换敏感。

第二部分，填句子。

这可以说是BEC最难的一部分，因为在中文里并不强调句间逻辑，意思上差不多就行，而正要字斟句酌地去思考英文的行文，考生会感到不适应。这部分在文章中一共挖去五句话，给出六句话要求找到合适的句子。

这里的解题方法是逻辑和匹配。逻辑指句间关系。简单的说，句间关系无非顺接和转折，读出空格前后两句话的句间关系，就能推断出空格中需要的意思。在逻辑的基础上尤其注意空格前后的代词、特指等等，和找到的答案是否吻合。逻辑和匹配双管齐下，正确答案不在话下。

第三部分，阅读理解。

这部分中国考生非常熟悉，但BEC的阅读理解和其他考试不同，它的本质还是定位和匹配。正确的做法是先看考题，再到文章里对应的段落去定位。不需要通读全文，因为正确答案无非是文章中原句的改写。

第四部分，完型填空。

从这部分开始，考察的重点转到了语法，但这里不是纯粹的语法，而是商务环境下词汇的应用。这部分词汇并不难，多数都是5000词汇以内。考生需要多熟悉商务材料里的特定搭配，培养语感。遇到难题要多辨析词义，尤其是适用场合，多接触就会有提高。

第五部分，改错。

改错并不刁钻离奇，因为改错部分仅有两种答案：多一个词或者没有错误。考生需要指出哪个词是多出来的。反过来想，多余的词是出题人自己添加的，而要添加得看起来并不离谱，错误方式一定很有限。肯定牢记常见错误，并在练习中体会。

一个技巧性强的考试，也是一个挑战实力的考试——要自如地运用这些技巧，也非一日之功。建议时间充裕的考生进行广泛的阅读，最好能精读一本如The Economist这样的经济类英语杂志，既提高阅读能力，又补充商务知识。在将来更多的挑战中，提升自己的能力才是最终的应对策略

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，

22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。

37、Each coin has two sides.

38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。

42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。

47、No pain，no gain.（不劳无获。）

48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，

不知晓。。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy

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52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set

54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）

56、Pride goes before a fall．（骄傲必败。）

Superstar and I

It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. What’s more,I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn’t built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.

Superstar and I

Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.

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__________________________________________________ What's important when…? 1. Monitoring the quality of service provided Feedback from the customers A: Feedback from the customers is very important because feedback can reflect the opinion of the customers on the quality of your service. To get this feedback a.s.a.p. and analyze it carefully is very helpful. From this feedback you can know what your customers think of your service what they are not satisfied with and how they like you to improve the quality of your service. Once you know what your customers want you will have a clear objective to improve or maintain the quality of your service and your monitoring will be more effective. Checking sales figures A: when we monitor the quality of service provided we must first check our sales figures. Sales figures is one of the most important factors in testing if the service you provide has high quality and if the customers are satisfied with your service. If your sales figures continue to grow that means you succeed in maintaining the quality of your service and your customers are confident when choosing your service. If there is a sudden decrease in your sales figure that will probably mean that you are now in trouble and the quality of your service is declining or undermined by some factors of uncertainty, which means you have to check the whole quality-control system to find out where the problem is. 2. Choosing a new sales agent Experience of agent A: we should first consider the experience of the agent we choose. The more experience the agent has the more chance he or she will have in dealing with sales. An experienced agent has profound knowledge on sales and is very professional in promoting sales and selling goods to customers. Furthermore experienced agent may have established his or her sales channels or relations which are the key factors to the success of sales. They can help

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BEC中级口语考试：基础篇 1.1第一部分考试形式 (Test format of Part 1) 在第一部分考试中，考官就考生的个人情况或工作、学习情况向其提问，考生作答。然后考官再提问，考生再作答。考官一般会对每个考生进行两轮提问，每一轮三至四个问题，随后转向另一名考生，在两名考生间交替进行，直到规定时满为止，一般大约3 分钟。 这部分考试的特点是：话题涵盖的范围一般比较简单、浅显，不会超出日常会话的范畴，而且大部分话题都比较类似，是由主考官从剑桥大学考试委员会印发的Question List上随机挑选的。考前的充分准备足以保证考生应付大多数问题。而且在第一部分考核过程中，考官提问的问句大部分都是简单句，一般不超过15个单词，清晰易懂。 1.2应试建议 (Tips on how to cope with Part 1) (1)Greet upon entering the exam room. 进入考场后，考生应当充满自信，自然大方地向考官问候致意。话不需多，但自然、新切的问候语，可以给考官留下良好的第一印象。常用的问候语包括： Good morning, sir / miss / madam. Good afternoon, sir / miss / madam. Nice to meet you. （注：有两位男老师在场，可以称呼gentlemen. 有两位女老师在场，可以称呼misses. 有一位男老师和一位女老师在场，可以干脆免去后面的敬呼语，或直接采纳上面第三种问候方式，以免去敬呼语太长、太繁琐的尴尬。Madam 一般用于明显很年长的女教师，否则改用miss，因为女性对年龄认可度比较敏感。） (2)Relax yourself, yet do avoid over relaxing yourself. 大部分考生都有过这样的经历：平时跟同伴一起练口语的时候说得挺流畅的，但一到课堂上回答老师问题时，或是一进入口语考试房间时，所有头脑中的思路都不翼而飞，头脑一片空白。因此，在很多情况下，口语考试表现不好并不是口语水平问题，而是过分紧张导致的发挥失常。因此，平时试着让自己多练练紧张时放松的能力，对于克服进入考场后突然情绪紧张导致的发挥失常很有帮助。 (3)Familiarize yourself with the pronunciation and intonation of the interlocutor and the other candidate. 由于考生来自不同的地域，很多方音重的考生在说英语的时候也同样如此，这在很大程度上会影响其他同一考场的考生的理解和反应。考官尽管发音准确，但因为不熟悉他（她）的语音语调，也有可能造成误解。因此，进入考场后，要尽快熟悉他们的语音语调及语速，以免由于误听导致反应错误。 (4)Be precise in understanding the questions. 考官的提问也好，同伴的问题也好，没听清的情况下切不可盲目作答，一定要问清楚问题是什么。考生要清楚的一点是，BEC口语考试是“口语”考试，而非听力考试，也许没听清对方的问题会影响你的分数，而在没听清问题的情况下盲目作答而导致答非所问，更会真正丢分。在以往的考试中，有些考生由于事先针对第一部分做了充分的准备，因此在考官提问的时候没有全神贯注，而是凭着准备过的问题想当然，背诵事先准备好的答案。这种错误是极不应该的，不仅会给考官留下作弊（cheating ）的不良印象，还会由于听力水平不佳而被扣分。要求对方重述问题的常用句型包括： Pardon, please? I beg your pardon? Sorry, could you please say that again? I’m sorry, but I didn’t quite catch you. Would you please repeat what you’ve

BEC中级口语考试技巧01

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