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英语语音之发音篇

英语语音之发音篇
英语语音之发音篇

英语语音之发音篇

The English pure vowels can be classified according to

1.the height of the raised part of the tongue

2.the position of the lips

/i: /: 前元音,是字母ea,ee,ie或ei在单词中的发音。此音是长元音,一定注意把音发足。其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/口形扁平。

Please read it. Please keep it a secret. Eve is Peter’s niece.

Do you see the green leaves of each tree in the field?

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Where are you going to be at three?

Where are you going to be? Meet me in the evening. Meet me in the street.

Meet me in Fleet Street.

Meet me at three.

/ i / 舌位: 前舌的后方, 舌端抵下齿. 和汉语不同, 普通话中没有一个和[ i ]相同的音. 这个音的特点将前舌的后部抬得很高,不然容易发成[e]; [i] 是个很松弛的音,口腔肌肉过分紧张就会发成[i:]

发音要领的是:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏平。

?1) it, sit, bit, fit, big, pig, kick, pick, give, live, kiss, miss, ill, fill, sink, think, rich, which, fish, wish

?2) city, pretty, busy, visit, limit, minute, willing, filling, begin, belong, delay, desire, remain, return secure, prefer, present, elect, event, explain, extreme

?3) a big clinic, a big dictionary, a bit chilly, a bit dizzy, fix it, finish it, finish it quickly, give him six, bit by bit, little by little, pretty busy, sixty woman

/e/ 该音是个前元音,是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌位比/i:/低;唇形中长,开口度比/i:/大。

?1) get, debt, yet, wet, neck, check, bed, dead, egg, beg, pen, ten, tell, fell, best, text, next, spend, friend

?2) any, many, very, ever, never, seven, heaven, metal, gentle, yellow, fellow, section, question, attend, accept, forget, correct, collect, connect

?3) /e—i/ pet—pit; fell—fill; set—sit; when—win; hell—hill; dead—did; tent—tint; peg—pig; lest—list

1) seat; sit; set

2) leap; lip 3) beat; bit; bet

4) miss; mess

5) feel; fill; felt

6) eat; it; ate

/ ? /是短元音。是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。发音时舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比/e/更低;双唇平伸。

?1) cap; map; fat; hat; bad; mad; back; lack; carry; marry; fancy; carriage; manage; matter; pattern; handle; anxious; annual; avenue; salary; practical; practical

?2) / ? –e / bag, beg; gas, guess; mat, met; sad, said; bad, bed; land, lend; sand, send; pack, peck; ham, hem; pan, pen; lad, led

A fact is a fact. Hang your cap on the stand. Fancy that!

Catch that mad black cat. Thank you for the stamp. Don’t let the cat out of the bag. Handsome is as handsome does.

?- e

This bed is bad.

This is a bad pen.

I guess they want gas.

Can you bed that iron band? What daddy said made me sad. I met a little boy Jack

Who came from another land.

I couldn’t speak his language, But I took him by the hand.

/?: / occurs only in stressed syllables; but

/ ?/ is a schwa which is most frequently used vowel in English.

No other vowel, with the exception of the other reduced vowel, /I/ and / ?/, is as important to an understanding of the English sound system and the way it functions in unstressed syllables. Pronunciation tip

?Native speakers of English often use schwa ( [?wɑ:] 英语中非重读音节的元音) vowel in : ?Unstressed syllables

?F or t—comf or t; pr o gress—pr o duction; l a ce—neckl a ce; necessity—necessary; late—chocolate; valid—validity

?Reductions, especially in informal conversations

?The old man has got much money.

?I went to cinema just for fun.

Back vowels: (后元音) / a: / / ?/ / ?: / / u/ /u:/

/ a: / 该音是个后元音, 是字母组合ar的读音,也是字母a在ss, st, th等字母前面的读音。/a: /是长元音。发音时口张大,舌身压低并后缩, 后舌稍隆起, 舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。

1) arm, art, cart, hard, fast, last, glace, chance, class, glass, harsh, march

2) army, party, after, rather, castle, parcel, market, basket, garden, pardon, carpet, drama, regard, demand, command, depart, advance, remark, papa

/ ?/ 该音是个短元音,是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。发音时口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩,双唇稍稍收圆。

1) top, shop, what, hot, God, rod, lock, rock, wash, watch, song, long, cost, lost, spot, stop, block, clock

2) copy, coffee, body, sorry, offer, honor, model, bottle, college, orange, knowledge, hollow, swallow, doctor, concert, occupy, hospital, possible, quality, quantity, property, policy, October, whatever, tomorrow

The clock has stopped. Copy the song, it’s not long.

Lost time is never found again.

Lots and lots of clocks and watches have gone wrong.

?/ ?: / 该音是个后元音,是字母o, or, al, oar, our或oor在单词中的发音。它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬得比/ ?/,双唇收得更圆更小, 并向前突出。

?1) saw, law, ought, bought, talk, board, lord

2) story, forty, water, daughter, always, almost, portrait, forward, quarter, porter

Pride goes before a fall. George saw a saw hanging on the wall.

He was born on August the fourteenth, nineteen forty-four.

/ u / 该音是个后元素,是英语字母u, oo或ou等在单词中的发音。/u/是短元音。发音时舌后部抬起, 舌身后缩, 舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆, 稍突出。

1) put, foot, cook, look, book, took

2) should, cold, would, push, woman, sugar, bushel, football, good-bye, cuckoo, manhood

3) looks good, a good cook, look at the cook, took some sugar, a good-looking woman

/ u: / 该音是个后元音,是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音。它是长元音。发音时舌后部尽量抬起,舌位比/u/高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u/稍小。

1) too, do, shoe, who, you, food, fool, tooth, youth, choose, moon, soon, cool

2) duty, beauty, music, future, pupil, student, excuse, produce, opportunity, university

3) a new school, a new suit, huge spoons, beautiful music, a blue moon, a group of students, whose shoes, a music school

Don’t lose the opportunit y. Choose either boots or shoes. Who said the soup was too cool? Your spoon won’t be useful for noodles. As a rule, the skies are blue in June. What do you choose to do this afternoon?

Diphthongs (双元音)

[ei]、[ai]、[?i]、[??]、[u?]、[i?]、[au]、[?u]

Introduction

There are eight diphthongs in English. They are sounds which consist of ____________________________

The most important things to remember is ____________________________

[ei]

1. 口形由/e/ 向/ i / 滑动, 注意双元音的一般发音规则.

2. 发音过程中下鄂稍稍向上合拢, 舌位也随之稍稍抬高.

name, cake, late, state, able, place, mainly, arrange, radio, decade

[ai]:Kite, fight, guide, write, mind, unite, High, apply, define, divides, neither, Provide, finally [?i]: Soil, noise, voice, join, coin, choice, toil

[?u] : Soap, note, throw, show, know, low, over, old, most, only, those

[au] : Out, south, round, found, about, amount, bound, sound, houses, mountain, thousand, louder [i?]: Ear, year, deer, cheer, tear, queer, Merely, nearly, really

[e?] : There, where, their, fare, square, various, repair, affair

[u?]: Curious, furious, rural, mature, secure

Phonetics exercises

A clear idea

Fair and square

A real hero

A curious tourist

Their parents

Repair chairs

Wear and tear

Fair share

From ear to ear

Fewer and fewer

I think it is really a good idea.

It’s near the end of the year.

Dear me, the black beer is really dear.

“Hear, hear,‖ the chairman declared.

Mary shares the room with a girl who wears long hair.

Surely, the disease can be cured.

The mayor appeared in the square.

Consonants

1. the points of articulation;

2. the manners of articulation;

3. the state of the vocal cords

The pronunciation of /p/ and /b/

/p/ pork, peace, lip, top /b/ bat, bare, cab, herb

/p-b/: pea-be; pat-bat; cup-cub; mop-mob

A big park; bought a bike; pay the bill; hope to stop; on top of the pie

Peter is picking plums and apples.

The black-bird brought back a beautiful big worm for his babies.

The pronunciation of /t/ and /d/

/t/ tea; towel; foot; cut /d/ dirt; date; sad; ride

/t-d/ bet-bed; sight-side; bit-bid

A dark night; read the card; cut the bread

Don’t do that, Tom!

Teddy hurt his foot and was taken to the doctor.

The pronunciation of /k/ and /g/

/k/ key; cat; sick; lock /g/ go; girl; big; vague /g-k/ bag-back; beg-beck

A kind guide; take a look; good luck

Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.

Exercises:

Fast-food restaurants are very popular.

The service is fast.

The food is inexpensive.

This is more important than the quality of the food.

These restaurants are also popular.

The food is always the same.

They eat at a company’s restaurant.

The restaurant are in the north or south of the city.

The food will be the same.

If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same.

Fast service is important in the United States.

Low cost is also important in the United States.

About 50 percent of married women work outside the home.

Many married women with children are working outside the home.

/ /?/ /h/ /?/ /?/

/f/ and /v/ are labio-dental sounds.

/f/ is voiceless and /v/ is voiced. They are fricative sounds that you produce by forcing the breathstream between you upper teeth and lower lip.

Leaf-leave; safe-save;

Very fast; an awful view

They are fricatives that you produce by squeezing the breathstream between your tongue and teeth. Breath-breathe; south-southern; bath-bathe

Three-free; thrill-frill; Thin-sin; thought-sought

Something is better than nothing.

He left his father and mother and went abroad with his brother Arthur.

They are fricatives that you produce by forcing air between your tongue and the upper or lower front teeth.

Soft, soil, house, pace; Zeal; zip; buzz; gaze; boys; Cease-seize; race-raise

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

You produce them very much like the /s/ and /z/, except the tongue is farther back and the lips are rounded.

Shame; harsh; Treasure; pleasure; confusion; prestige;

Rushed to the garage; a harsh decision; crushed the invasion

Mr. Mash sells fish and shellfish fresh from the ocean.

/h/ is not generally a problem sound

/h/ is a voiceless glottal (声门的) fricative. It is simply a stream of air from the larynx (喉) directed through the open mouth.

It is not found in word-final position in English words.

He; hard; hall; high

Hour; honour; honest; heir; vehicle; exhibit

How horrible! Hugh has hurt his hand with a heavy hammer.

/t?/ /d?/

Cheap; cheer; choice; Each; watch; torch; Jane; join; large

Jane had chicken and French fries for lunch.

Just for a joke, we mixed gin and ginger with some jam.

声道) at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated (产生共鸣) through the nose.

The nasal consonants are /m/, /n/, and /?/.

Allophonic variations of /m/

Syllabic: something

Lengthened, when an arresting /m/ is followed by a releasing /m/: some more

The labiodentals (唇齿音) nasal, when followed by /f/: comfort

Some men; a warm morning; Sam’s comb

Allophonic variations of /n/

Dentalized before a labiodental /f/ or /v/: invite

Velarized (发软腭音) before /k/: think

Lengthening, when /n/ arrests and releases adjoining syllables:

ten names

Knock-lock; known-loan; snow-slow;

Allophonic variations of /?/

The alveolar [n], when followed by an alveolar: taking ten

Ton-tongue; sin-sing; Kin-king; ban-bang

Sing a song; a strange king; An angry monkey; An English song

Introduction

/w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants (近音) because it is an articulation (清晰发音) in which the articulators (a movable speech organ) approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative.

/w/: Week, wait, wit, went, wax, wound

Wh= /w/: wheat; wheel; whip; while; Qu=/kw/: queen; quick; quack; quarter

/v-w/: vet-wet; vest-west; veil-whale; vain-wane, verse-worse; vine-wine

Where there’s a will, there is a way.

What, why, when and where are the words we require quite often when we want to ask a question. /j/: Yes, yard, yearn, use, unit, universe

Ear-year; ate-yet; earn-yearn; Yet-jet; use-juice; your-jaw; yoke-joke; year-jeer

Yesterday I heard a curious and beautiful tune.

Yale University is not in the State of New York.

Don’t argue, or you’ll make me furious.

Introduction

/l/ is called a "lateral― (['l?t?r?l]侧面的,旁边的) because during its pronunciation, the passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue.

Another important fact about /l/ is the difference between the two distinctive allophones:

clear-l and dark-l.

"Clear-l", made with the tongue in the classical fronted position: lease

"Dark-l", (the tongue tip and blade in the post alveolar position): call

Devoiced in consonant clusters with voiceless stops: play

The post-palatal, or velar /l/: milk

Leave, lame, learn, lock; Meal, hole, oil, pull, call; Field, shield, built, milk, help

Calm, calf, talk, walk, could, would

Allophonic variations of /r/

Devoiced as in voiceless clusters: treat

The one-tap flap /r/: very

The retroflexed /r/: right

The back /r/, before or after /k/ or /g/:

crate grey

句子重音

英语句子,跟英语单词一样,也有重音,叫句子重音。有句子重音的音节听起来清晰有力,无句子重音的音节听起来较为含糊。句子重音总是落在单词的重读音节上。句子重音对于表达思想和感情起着重要的作用,所以也是英语语音学习的重要方面。

在一个句子中,音节之间的衔接应该自然而流畅。句中的重读音节通常显得长一些,元音清晰完整,语句的语调变化也通常落在重读音节上。非重读音节则通常显得较为轻、快,音节中的元音亦较为含糊。正因为如此,非重读音节中的元音多为/ ?/。这是英语音素中出现频率最高的音素, 所有的英语元音字母在非重读音节中均可读作/ ?/:

a llow a

firem e n e

poss i ble i / ?/

c o mman

d o

s u pport u

在这些单词中,元音字母都处于非重读音节中,因此都读成/ ?/.

句子中哪些单词需要重读?

我们知道,重音的其中一个语义功能是可以通过重音进行强调, 就是说,具有语句重音的词通常是说话人想强调的词。换句话说,单词之所以重读,是因为说话的人表达特定信息的需要。因此,正确地选择重读音节,将重读音节与非重读音节自然流畅地连接起来,是实现语言交际的需要。英语重音的一般规律是:实义词通常重读,虚词通常不重读.

也就是说,我们可以将英语的单词分为两大类:实义词和虚词。所谓实义词,是指名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等表示“谁”“什么”、“何时”、“何地”、“为什么”、“怎么样”等信息的词,也叫做信息词。这些词担负着表达信息的重要任务,因此通常是句中的重读单词。虚词亦称功能词,含冠词、代词、介词、助动词、连词等。这些词将信息词连接起来,形成符合语法的句子。

但是,英语重音的一般规律并不是一成不变的。为了表达的需要,一些通常接受句子重音的词,可能失去句子重音;而另一些通常不接受句子重音的词又可能获得句子重音。

以实义词为例, 实义词通常是句中重读的单词,但如果在本句或前面一句已出现过,不再含有重要的信息,此时一般不再重读:

The truck was hit by a?nother truck.

–How many times have you seen the film?

––?Three times.

再来看看功能词。功能词通常是句中的非重读单词,但由于信息表达的需要亦完全可以以重读的形式出现。

?Did you say ―bread‖? H ere you are.

?–I said ―bread ?and butter‖.

"and‖在句中通常不重读,此处重读明显地是为了强调。可见,为了信息表达的需要,句中几乎每个单词都可以有句子重音。

总而言之,在话语中,重音的位置主要取决于说话人的意愿和他希望表达的意思。通常,句中重要的词才具重音--实义词之所以重读是因为这类词本身含有重要的词汇意义,而虚词通常只是起功能作用。当实义词在句中不具重要信息,而虚词反而含重要意义的时候,重读的就该是虚词而非实义词。

强读式与弱读式

在英语单词和句子的弱读音节中,我们最经常听到的元音是:/ ?/。这是在所有英语音素中出现频率最高的音素,也是英语功能词在非重读时最常用的元音。

英语语音的一个显著特点是,许多功能词具有两种不同的发音:

一种是在重读时的发音,称强读式;

另一种是在非重读时的发音,称弱读式。

强读式是指一个单词单独念的时候所采取的读音形式。在连贯发言中,当这些词接受句子重音时多用强读式,不具句子重音的词则多用弱读式。由于这些词多为虚词,在句中一般不重读,因此,它们通常以弱读式的形式出现。

对于我国学生来说,要学会单词弱读式的发音是轻而易举的事,但要做到能够运用就不容易了。最常见的读法是将应该读成弱读式的单词读作强读式,并以为那才是标准的发音。用这种方法说英语,不仅影响语流,还使听者感到别扭,甚至可能产生误会。

以单词and为例。and的发音有以下几种可能性:

1)/ nd/, 2)/ ?nd/, 3)/ ?n/, 4)/n/, 其中以3)最为常见。

短语in and out通常读作/'in ?n `aut/,

短语horse and cart通常读作/'h :s ?nk :t/。1)与2)常用于句首。如果将句中的and 都读作/ nd/的话,话语就使人听起来很别扭。

有时,在一些固定搭配中错用强读式还会产生误会。比如,作为早餐的食物是bread and butter/`bred n `b t /,但在超级市场上买的是bread and butter/`bred nd `b t /,意即成条的面包以及成包的奶油。假如在饭桌上点早餐时将bread and butter中的and读作重读,则可能使人以为说话人在强调多要点奶油,或者是在批评别人奶油放得太少了。误会就可能由此产生。

此外能否掌握好英语的弱读式也影响着我们的英语听力理解,因为具有强弱两种读音方式的单词是英语中最常见的单词,出现频率相当高,掌握好英语的弱读式无疑将提高对所听到的语言材料的解码能力,从而正确而全面地获得语言材料所传达的信息。

Words Strong form Sample sentence Words Strong form Sample sentence

1. a We've got a dog.

2. an Take an apple.

3. her What's her name?

4. his John had his haircut.

5. our We can do it on our own.

6. some Get me some water.

7. the They saw the young and the old.

8. your Take your time.

9. he What did he do?

10. me Let me have a look.

11. she Did she come? 13. us He told us a story.

14. we Here we are.

15. you Did you see my pen?

16. him Give him a pen.

17. am I'm proud of it.

18. are What are you doing?

19. be Don't be late.

20. can What can I do?

21. do What do you do on Sundays?

22. does When does the train leave?

23. had How many had he had?

25. have The kids have gone.

26. is He is coming.

27. must We must go now.

28. shall What shall we do?

29. was He was out.

30. were We were all late.

31. will That will do.

32 at Look at him.

33. for Is it for me? 34. from They come from the states.

35. of It's very kind of you.

36. to You don't have to worry.

37. and We had fish and chips.

38. as Just as you like.

39. but It's good but expensive.

40. so It's not so cold here.

41. than It's bigger than this.

42. that He said that he was coming.

Draw a line through the unstressed function words. Example: I was thinking of you all the time.

1.It is not an easy decision to make.

2.No one can pass the test.

3.What is her name?

4.They have been here the whole afternoon.

5.Can I have some more?

6.He was good, wasn't he?

7.We will wait till the end of the party.

8.She opened her eyes and saw the girl at the door.

9.She told me that she had lost her voice.

10.That's a pity but we can go another time. 11.They told us to leave.

12.First of all, let's look at the map.

13.It is from overseas.

14.Jack and Jill are at the concert.

15.These are for a different purpose.

16.The others were at the front.

17.Everything was for the best.

18.Let's have fish for a change.

19.I am going away for the day.

20.I would rather have a drink than a smoke.

Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the unstressed forms of the function words.

A. Determiners: "a", "an", "the", "her", "his", "our", "some","your"

1. a break Take a break.

2. a ring Buy a ring.

3. an answer Give an answer.

4. an idea Have an idea.

5. the car Take the car.

6. the girl Help the girl.

7. the others Meet the others.

8. the apple Get the apple.

9. her coat Take her coat.

10. her bag Watch her bag. 11. his watch Use his watch.

12. his wife See his wife.

13. our school Near our school.

14. our classroom Clean our classroom.

15. some tea Have some tea.

16. some water Get some water.

17. your boss Tell your boss.

18. your book Buy your book.

19. your time Take your time.

20. some sugar Find some sugar.

B. Pronouns: "he", "me", "she", "them", "us", "we", "you", "him"

1.Did he say that?

2.Make sure that he is on time.

3.Tell me how to do it.

4.Give me a new book.

5.What is she doing?

6.When did she come?

7.Ask them to go.

8.I told them to finish it as soon as possible. 10.He showed us round the campus.

11.When are we going?

12.Are you sure we can go now?

13.Did you see the old man?

14.I heard you singing.

15.Give him what he wants.

16.I saw him reading in the classroom.

17.How did he come last night?

19.Does she know about it? 20.You know him, don't you?

C. Connectives: "and", "as", "but", "so", "than", "that"

1.He said that over and over again.

2.She keeps cats and dogs.

3.They were playing hide and seek.

4.He took off his hat and coat.

5.It looks as white as snow.

6.Just as you like.

7.Please do as I do.

8.She is tired but happy.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae5236382.html,st but not least.

10.I'll do anything but that.

11.It's not so cold today. 12.It is not so much as that.

13.It is easier than I thought it would be.

14.It is bigger than this.

15.He is much better than the others.

16.He said that we could have it.

17.Tell them that we are not going.

18.I think that we'll have enough.

19.He told me that everybody was happy.

20.Are you sure that we can finish it by the end of

the week?

D. Auxiliary verbs (1): "am", "are", "be", "do", "does", "is", "was", "were",

1.Where an I going?

2.What are you doing?

3.They'll be able to do it.

4.How do you go to school?

5.When does he leave for school in the morning?

6.It is coming back soon.

7.That was all.

8.They were all there.

9.The cakes are awful.

10.They were afraid of him. 11.When are they leaving?

12.They're afraid of him.

13.Will they be able to do it?

14.Do you know all the words?

15.What does he do on Sunday?

16.What time does it start?

17.Where were the boys last night?

18.He was late last night.

19.It was snowing the whole morning.

20.They were all out.

E. Auxiliary verbs (2): "can", "had", "has", "have", "must", "shall", "will", "would"

1.All the kids can read now.

2.How many cards had he written before you called

last night?

3.What has he done?

4.They have all gone.

5.We must work harder.

6.We shall need to hurry.

7.That will do, I hope.

8.That would be a great help.

9.The bus had already left.

10.What shall we do if it rains? 11.Can you come at eight?

12.How can I help you?

13.You'd better run.

14.The train had already left when we arrived.

15.He's read all the books.

16.She must have been here for quite a while.

17.They've been here for an hour.

18.Shall we go now?

19.Will you do me a favour?

20.Would you like to come?

英语音标发音要领

音标发音要领 英语国际音标共48个,分两大类——元音和辅音。 一.元音又分单元音(12个)和双元音(8个)两类。 二.辅音(28个)也分两大类:清辅音和浊辅音 清辅音————发音时声带不振动 浊辅音————发音时声带必须振动 辅音依形成阻碍的方式又可分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌边音、和半元音(半元音不是元音,它只是辅音中的一个名称) 三.各类音素的发音要领 1.元音: (1)单元音:单元音分三类——前元音、中元音、后元音 单元音发音时的总要领:牙床必须是静止的,单元音又分长音和短音,加点的是长音,不加点的是短音。 前元音:[i:] [i] [?] [e]

[i:]发音要领: A.舌尖抵下齿背,舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起,但中间留空隙让气流通过,牙床近于合。B.双唇向两旁展开。和英文字母e的发音相同。 [i]发音要领: A.舌前部向硬腭抬起,比/i:/低。B.唇形扁平,牙床开得比/i:/宽。[?]发音要领: A. 舌尖抵下齿背。B. 双唇向两边平伸成扁平形,张开牙床直至上下齿之间可以容纳食指和中指的宽度。 [e]发音要领: A.舌尖抵下齿背,舌前部稍抬起,比/i/低。B.唇形中长,牙床开得比/i/宽,上下齿间可纳一个食指。 前元音小结:⑴舌尖抵下齿⑵舌前部向硬腭抬起⑶双唇不收圆⑷唇舌保持静止

中元音[?:] [?] [?]

[?:]舌中部稍抬起,口开约二分之一,唇开扁,发长音。 [?]舌身平放,口腔肌肉放松,唇形自然张开,发短音。 [?]口腔打开,舌中部稍抬,唇形稍扁,发音短促。 中元音小结:⑴舌尖抵下齿,但不如发前元音时抵的那样深。⑵舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。⑶不圆唇。 后元音:[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u: ] [u]

英语音标发音方法附谐音

英语音标发音方法 [i:](伊)[i](衣)[?](哎)[e](挨)[?:](额)[?](哦)[ɑ:](阿)[?](啊)[?:](嗷)[?](凹)[u:](屋)[u](乌)[ai](阿依)[ei](哀一)[au](啊呜)[?u](讹误)[i?](一厄)[??](哎额)[u?](屋厄)[?i](奥一) [p](泼)[b](波)[t](特)[d](的)[k](咳)[g](哥)[s](丝)[z](兹)[f](夫)[v](呜)[w](喔)[?](西)[?](耶)[h](喝)[j](业)[l](勒)[r](若)[m](木)[n](嗯)[?](摁)[θ](斯)[e](日)[t?](企)[d?](姬)[ts](吃)[dz](之)[tr](蹉)[dr](捉) 英语国际音标表(48个) 元音(20个) 长元音/ɑ:/ /?:/ / ?:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音/ ?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/ 双元音/??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/ /e?/ /a?/ /??/ 辅音(28个) 轻辅音/p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ//s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/ 浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ / r/ 鼻音/m/ /n/ /?/ 半元音/ j/ / w/ 边音/ ?/ 元音和辅音的定义: 发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。

不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。 1、什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。 2、音素的分类:元音和辅音。 3、音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。 4、什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。 5、开音节:辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, plane, shine 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello 6、闭音节:辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup, let, mad, map 元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant 7、重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 发音方法: [i:](伊)舌抵下齿,双唇扁平作微笑状,发“一”之长音。此音是长元音,一定注意把音发足。 [i](衣)舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全舌,发短促之“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的发音,发此音要短促而轻快。 [?](哎)双唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下龈,牙床开,软鄂升起,唇自然开放。是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。 [e](挨)舌近硬鄂,舌尖顶下齿,牙床半开半合,作微笑状。是字母e或ea 在单词中的发音 [?:](额)舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之长音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音 [?](哦)舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er或ur在单词中的发音。 [ɑ:](阿)双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后升缩微离下齿,发“阿”之长音。是字母er在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音也是字母a在以st结尾的单

初中英语语音的知识点总复习含解析

一、选择题 1.从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出所含元音音素不同的一个。 A.Bob B.dog C.orange D.photo 2.She didn't have a good_____/ sli:p/ last night, so she looked tired. A.sleep B.sheep C.shape D.shop 3.We should stress(重读) ______ syllable when we read the word “potato”. A.the first B.the second C.the third D.the last 4.下列各组字母中,不符合字母顺序的为________. A.C; D; E B.D; G; J C.L; M; N D.A; L; J 5.If I had one million dollars, I’d give it away to ______________/′medik?l/ research. A.medicine B.medical C.magazine D.metal 6.根据朗读基本知识要求,以下哪个句子应该在句末读升调? A.When do you get up every day? B.Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? C.Can I try it again? D.Here you are. 7.以下字母有相同元音因素的是 A.A, H B.L, O C.E, Q D.I, X 8.下列四个选项中划线部分读音全部相同 ....的是__________。 A.head bread eat B.look afternoon good C.thank there three D.here idea ear 9.In the following words, which underlined letter has a different sound from the others? A.produce B.product C.promise 10.The underlined part(下划线部分) in is pronounced(发音)differently. A.book B.cool C.foot D.good 11.Choose one of the letters with different pronunciation. A.cake B.face C. apple D.late 12.Which sound goes with the word "burn"? A./b?n/ B./br?n/ C./br?:n/ D./b?: n/ 13.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others? A.Scientists found that dinosaurs all died of disease. B.Disneyland was created by Walt Disney. C.Believe me, we come in peace. D.How is the man dealing with trouble? 14.I have a pet / k?t / , it’s very smart . A.cat B.cut C.coat D.cute 15.which of the following words has a different stress(重音)?

英语音标发音规律大全

英语音标发音规律-汉语标注 用中文方法表示音标: /i:/ 【衣发长点】 /I/ 【衣急促地发声】 /e/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来,嘴唇放松自然地读】/?/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来,嘴唇扁平地发】 /?:/ 【额发长音】 /?/ 【额发短音】 /∧/ 【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】 /a:/ 【啊嘴巴长到最大】 /?/ 【哦急促】 /?:/ 【哦声音拖长】 /u/ 【乌急促】 /u:/ 【乌声音拖长】 /eI/ 【有点像答应人的“诶”的声音】 /aI/ 【唉】 /?I/ 【哦-喂连着读】 /?u/ 【呕】 /au/ 【傲】 /I?/ 【衣-饿连着读】 /ε?/ 【哎-饿连着读】 /u?/ 【乌-饿连着读】 辅音音素: /p/ 【普不要把ǔ给发出来,轻音】 /b/ 【不不要把ù给发出来,浊音】 /t/ 【特不要把è给发出来,轻音】 /d/ 【得不要把é给发出来,浊音】 /k/ 【克不要把è给发出来,轻音】 /g/ 【各不要把è给发出来,浊音】 /f/ 【福不要把ú给发出来,轻音】 /v/ 【有点像摩托车启动的声音,“呜呜呜”地,但是是像发“vúvúvú”一样,不要把ú给发出来,浊音】 /s/ 【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音,不要把ī给读出来,轻音】 /z/ 【就是/s/的浊音】 /θ/ 【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】 /δ/ 【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】 /∫/ 【西不要把ī给发出来,轻音】 /з/ 【衣不要把ī给发出来,浊音】 /h/ 【喝不要把ē给发出来,轻音】 /r/ 【若不要把uò给发出来,浊音】 /t∫/ 【七不要把ī给发出来,轻音】 /dз/ 【姬不要把ī给发出来,浊音】 /tr/ 【缺不要把uē给发出来,轻音】

英语语音知识

英语语音知识(一) 英语语音: 元音: 单元音(12):/ i: / i / e / ?θδ/?// a: / R / R: /u/ /u:/ /?:/ /?/ 双元音(8):/ei/ /ai/ /Ri/ /i?/ /u?/ /ε?/ /?u/ /au/ 辅音:(24) 按发音方法为: 爆破音:/ p / b / t / d / k / g / 鼻音:/ m / n / ?/ 摩擦音:/f / v / d / t / s / z / f / v / r / h / w / j / 破擦音:/tF / dV / ts / dz / tr / dr / 舌侧音:/ l / 按声带震动与否为: 清音:/ p / t / k / f / W / h / s / F / tF / (声带不振动) 浊音:/ b / d / g / m / n / N / v / T / z / V / dV / r / w / j / l / (声带振动) 音节: 一个元音,或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节。[m, n, l, N]和辅音音素结合,也可以构成一个音节。如:/ 5lisn / . 单词重音:

在多音节或双音节词中,有一个读得特别响亮的音节,叫做重读音节。除了一些复合词外,一般说来,每个单词只有一个重读音节,重读音节用重音符号"5"来表示。单音节词不标重音符号,但必须重读。 开音节: 绝对开音节:辅音字母 + 元音字母 相对开音节:元音字母 + 辅音字母(除r)+ e (不发音) 在重读开音节中,元音字母都读作字母的发音。 重读开音节是由一个元音字母,一个辅音字母(r除外)和一个不发音的e构成。如 name ,词尾带有不发音的e, 属于开音节, 元音a就念这个字母的本身发音[ei]。 闭音节: 元音字母 + 辅音字母(除r) 在重读闭音节中,元音字母a读作/A /, e 读作/ e /,I (y)读作/ I /,o读作/ R /,u读作/ u / 或 / Q /. (重读闭音节三要素:1. 必须是重读音节; 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母;3. 元音字母发短元音。) 重读开音节和重读闭音节可以这样区别:看末尾的音节,你比如:like, ride, strike等一系列单词,它们的最后一个音节都是二元夹一辅,即两个元音中间夹一个辅音,类似的单词就叫重读开音节;而比如:map, bag, forget等类似的单词的末尾是两辅夹一元,即最后的音节是两个辅音夹一个元音,这样的单词就叫重读闭音节。一个单词,不管它有多长,你只看它的最后一个音节即可。

英语语音(非常完整)

英语语音 一、音节 1. 概述 音节是读音的基本单位,任何单词都是分解为一个个音节朗读。在英语中元音字母(a e i o u共五个)读音特别响亮。一个元音音素(音素即音标,不是字母)可构成一个音节,一个元音音素和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来,元音音素可以构成音节,辅音音素不响亮,不能构成音节。但英语辅音音素中有4个辅音[m],[n],[l]是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节,这样的音节叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。英语的词有一个音节的,两个音节的,多个音节的。只有一个音节的词叫单音节词,两个音节的叫双音节词,三个及三个以上的叫多音节词。如:take 是单音节词;'ta-ble是双音节词;po-'ta-to,po-pu-'la-tion,con-gra-tu-'la-tion,te-le-com-mu-ni-'ca-tion等是多音节词。音节的核心是元音,元音可以单独构成音节,也可以与辅音一起构成音节。take词尾的e并未发音,所以是单音节词。 注意:不要将元音和元音字母搞混。划分音节是按元音(即元音音素)来划的。如果元音字母不发音,那就不能构成音节了。如果有两个元音字母在一起,但只发一个元音,仍然只算一个音节。 2. 音节的七种构成形式 ①绝对开音节:以单个元音字母结尾的重读音节,即:元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如:no she he we me hi relation, secret ②相对开音节:以辅音字母和一个不发音的-e 结尾的音节,如:name scene kite ③闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的音节,如:map bag dull ④元音字母组合:如:wait play bee beat field ⑤-r音节:如:her, bar 等。 ⑥-re音节:如:fire, hare 等。 ⑦成音节:l, m, n 的前面如果由一个其它的辅音音素,这个辅音音素可以同l, m, n 构成音节。这时l, m, n 叫作成音节辅音。如:bottle, possible等。 补充说明: 在国外的语音书籍里,像bottle 属于成音节辅音;而像bottom, button 等不属于成音节辅音,因为它们的第二个音节里含有元音音素。 3. 音节的划分原则 正确掌握划分音节的方法,可以帮助我们掌握读音规则、记忆单词拼写,也可帮助我们避免、克服书写中随意移行的不良习惯。现就常见的划分音节的方法简介如下。 1.一个音节至少有一个元音字母。即a,e,i,o,或u,有时也可以是y。例如:re/fuse,un/com/for/ta/ble,jum/ping,a/void/ed,gar/lic,for/ty 2.当两个元音字母中间只有一个辅音字母时(辅音字母r 除外),而且左边的元音又是按重读开音节规则发音,这个辅音字母通常划入右边的音节。例如:stu/dent,o/pen,pa/per,va/cant 3.两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母或辅音字母组合,左边的元音按重读闭音节规则发音那么,这个辅音字母或辅音字母组合通常划入左边的音节。例如:moth/er,slith/er 4.如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母,通常这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。例如:mem/ber,les/son,col/lect,shal/low,hap/pen,dis/tant 5.如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母,第一个是r,这两个辅音字母,也分别划入左右两个音节。第一个音节(左边那个音节)称为r 音节,按重读r 音节读音规则发音。例如:cor/ner,por/trait,har/bor,bar/ber 6.如果两个元音或元音与半元音字母组合发的是一个元音或双元音,划分音节时,不能将其从中分开,要划在一起。例如:oi boil/er;oy voy/age;ou through/out;ow tow/er

史上最全的英语发音各种技巧

史上最全的英语发音各种技巧 48个英语音标表

清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [tr] [ts] [∫] [t∫] 浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [e] [z] [dr] [dz] [?] [d?] 其他辅音8个: [h] [m ] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j] the在元音前读[ei],在辅音前读[e?],而元辅音的判断不是第一个单词,而是第一个音素,或说发音。 如: the United States的第一个音素是[j],半元音,按辅音读[e?] 音节 音节是读音的基本单位,任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节朗读。在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可构成一个音节,一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。 一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。 但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。 英语的词有一个音节的,两个音节的,多个音节的,一个音节叫单音节,两个音节叫双音节,三个音节以上叫多音节。 如: take 拿;ta'ble 桌子;pota'to` 马铃薯;

pop`ula'tion 人口;congrat`ula'tion 祝贺; tel'ecommu`nica'tion 电讯; 划分音节的方法: 元音是构成音节的主体,辅音是音节的分界线。两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节。 如: bed 床;bet 打赌;seat 坐位; beat 毒打;beaut 极好的;beau'ty 美; 两元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时,辅音字母归后一音节, 如: stu'dent 学生;la'bour 劳动; 有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母归前一音节,一个归后一音节, 如: let'ter 信;win'ter 冬天; 不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。 如: fa'ther 父亲;tea'cher 教师; 单词的发音灵魂是元音,掌握这一点就不难了。 开音节&闭音节

英语音标发音大全

英语自学音标发音大全 发音方法: [i:] 舌抵下齿,双唇扁平作微笑状,发“一”之长音。是字母ea、ee、ey、ie、或ei在单词中的发音,此音是长元音,一定注意把音发足。 [i] 舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全舌,发短促之“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的发音,发此音要短促而轻快。 [?] 双唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下龈,牙床开,软鄂升起,唇自然开放。是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音 [e] 舌近硬鄂,舌尖顶下齿,牙床半开半合,作微笑状。是字母e 或ea在单词中的发音 [?:] 舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之长音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音 [?] 舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er或ur在单词中的发音 [ɑ:] 双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后升缩微离下齿,发阿之长音。是字母er在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音也是字母a 在以st结尾的单词中的读音。 [∧] 双唇平放,牙床半开,舌尖抵住下龈,舌后微微升起,发短促之“阿”音是字母o或u在单词中的发音 [?:] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间,牙床半开渐至全开,舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。是字母o、al、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音[?] 双唇稍微向外突出圆形,舌后升起,舌尖不触下齿,发“奥”音是字母o在单词中的发音 [u:] 双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发“屋”之长音。是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音 [u] 双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音 [ai] 将口张开略圆,舌后升起,舌尖向后收缩,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的读音 [ei] 舌类顶下齿,牙床半开半合,双唇扁平,由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。是字母a在开音节中的读音。 [au] 将口张开略圆,渐渐合拢,双唇成圆形,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音

英语语音

《英语语音》课程标准 一、课程定位 《英语语音》课程是应用英语专业的核心课程,对学生的学习能力和以后的职业素养起主要支撑作用。英语语音课程是其他课程的基础也是将来成为教师最重要的素质之一。课程紧密依据高职高专英语人才的培养目标,旨在通过系统和科学的训练为学生的英语听说能力的发展打下坚实的基础。本课程有别于基础理论知识课,其特点在于所使用的语言材料是系统的、精选的,实践技能的训练是大量的、综合的,同时注意与其它课程的衔接,使学生能学以致用, 具备良好的英语语音素质,毕业后能以熟练标准的英语发音在教师的职业岗位上发挥作用。 二、课程教学目标 英语语音课程旨在扎实学生英语的语音知识,提高他们的语言运用能力,为其他相关英语课程的学习奠定基础。 (一)能力目标 1、能正确读出48个英语音标; 2、能模仿和正音,能在语流中清楚准确、流畅自然地发出英语音标,并能辨别正常速度语流中的英语各音素; 3、能正确读出不同音素组合的发音并且能正确把握词与词之间的过渡,使同一意群的词连贯、流畅地连接在一起; 4、能正确把握多音节词的重音模式,能根据上下文提示,正确把握句子重音; 5、能正确使用话语节奏规律和语调; 6、能使用正确的语音语调朗读英语常用句型、对话和篇章。 (二)知识目标 1、了解基本的语音理论和发音原理,知道发各个音素时发音器官的活动情况; 2、掌握英语词重音、句重音的规则; 3、掌握在连贯话语中的各种音变现象;

4、掌握英语话语的节奏规律和语调。 (三)思想素质目标 1、具有实事求是的学风和自主、合作、探究和创新精神; 2、具有较强的职业道德观念; 3. 形成正确的语言观和跨文化意识; 3、培养良好的应变能力; 4、增强自信心,提高自学能力。 三、课程设计思路 本课程是应用英语专业的核心课程,整个教学设计以高职教育理念为指导,以实践教学为主导,以学生为中心安排教学内容。 1、以高职教育理念为指导:遵循“实用为主、够用为度”的原则,强调打好语言基础和培养语言应用能力并重;强调语言基本技能的训练和培养实际从事教育行业的语言应用能力并重。略讲理论,精讲技巧,重在实践,突出高职教育特色。 2、以实践教学为主导:以人才培养模式为根本,理论联系实际,在课堂上主要采取少讲多练的教学方式,通过基于工作过程中的实际演练来锻炼学生及一反三的能力,以达熟能生巧。 3、以学生为中心:打破以往的传统式教师一言堂现象,教学紧密以“学生”为中心。在课堂上,学生可以扮演教师的角色,把学生分成不同的小组,扮演不同的角色,在做中学,真正实现教学做一体化的授课模式。 本课程在第一学期开设,总课时为32学时,周课时为2学时,具体安排详见表一和表二。 4、教学内容安排及学时分配 详见表一 5、教学实施方案设计 详见表二 六、教学实施条件

英语常见发音规则与技巧423

一、连读 两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起,中间不停顿,被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之内,即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。 1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词: 如:(1)I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾,another 以元音开头,所以连读;(2)We have an English friend. 这个句子有两处连读:前一处是have的尾辅音/v/与an的开头元音//连读为/v/;后一处是an的尾辅音/n/与English的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/。举例:I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it。 Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago。 Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up。 注意:以辅音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音,而不是单词的结尾,这如同 u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。 2、以辅音结尾的单词+ h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读 what wil(l he) [wili]do?

Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go? Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似) 3、以-r或-re字母结尾的单词+元音开头的单词时,可将/r/与后面的元音拼读。 如:They looked for it here and there。 这个句子也有两处连读:前一处是for it合读为/frit/,后一处是here and合读为/hirnd/。 举例:They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there. There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. Here~is a letter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister? 注意,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。

英语语音读音规则

英语语音读音规则

英语语音读音规则总结 自贡市第二十中学校郑图 一、音节划分标准 1、音节的组成部分 一个英语音节包括:音节头(辅音)+音节中(元音)+音节尾(辅音)说明:除了音节中,其它都可以缺。 1)全音节:头尾都不缺。Cat, fat, hot, dog, flag, match, cut, tip, march, meet, food, coat 2)中尾音节:缺头。 At, am, of, old, egg, art, aid, eight 3)头中音节:缺尾。He, me, go, so, she, far, door, sea 4)单中音节:头尾都缺。 I,a ,o, or, ear, are 2、音节划分一般原则 先找元音去尾e,一个元音一音节。 元音相连听音定,加上头尾是整体。(多个元音相连时,发音的元音算是一个音节中,不发音的不算) 3、特殊情况音节划分 两个元音字母之间有一个或多个辅音字母的划分口诀 一靠后,二分手,多个中间偏左右, 组合字母算一个,常见组合要遵守。 词尾看e加音节,发音不发分两种,

双字相连不连手,听音验证最后头, 解释意外不发愁。 说明: 1)一靠后:元音中间只有一个辅音做后一个音节的头;a-go, be-gin, a-bout, chi-na, wa-ter, ma-ny, rea-son, la-ter, a-bi-li-ty, ne-ver, ar-gue, na-tive, hea-vy. 2)二分手:元音中间有两个辅音,前做音节尾,后做后面音节的头。In-side, dif-fer, com-mon,at-tach, can-not, num-ber, prob-lem, doc-tor, com-pare, treat-ment, af-ter. 3)多个中间偏左右:元音间有三个以上的辅音则1靠前,2中间辅音可前也可后,3靠后。In-stead, suc-cess-ful, tran-sport, in-clude, im-prove, con-gress. 4)组合字母算一个:辅音组合字母发一个音(见辅音组合字母表),在划分音节时一般被当成一个字母看待。Re-try, o-ther, con-tract, as-tro-no-my, cen-tral, tech-no-lo-gy, quick-ly 5)常见组合要遵守:有的字母组合各自发音,但是常见组合,如词根,词的前后缀等在划分音节时一般不拆开。Pr,pl, fr, cl, sp, st, sk, scr, gr/ re-, de-,com-,con-。re-start 需要发音合并的词头词尾,组合词的词头元音就是用来与别的单词尾巴上的辅音字母合并成音节的叫音节合并,如-able, -al, -ate。 rea-dable,per-so-nal

初中英语语音的知识点(2)

一、选择题 1.which of the following words has a different stress(重音)? A.country B.famous C.outside D.repeat. 2.Could you help clean up the classroom? It's /'d?: ti/. A.date B.dirty C.doubt D.duty 3.We should stress(重读) ______ syllable when we read the wo rd “potato”.A.the first B.the second C.the third D.the last 4.下列各组字母中全部是元音字母的是 ____。 A.a, e, o, r B.a, i, u, e C.o, u, e, n 5.Go down this street and turn ______ / left / .You will see a library in front of you. A.light B.left C.let D.lift 6.Which stress is different from other three words? A.expensive B.beautiful C.potato D.tomorrow 7.根据朗读基本知识要求,以下哪个句子应该在句末读升调? A.When do you get up every day? B.Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? C.Can I try it again? D.Here you are. 8.下列单词中画线部分的读音不同的是______。 A.mother B. their C.thing D.these 9.选出下列字母中都含有相同音素 ......的一组字母:________。 A.Ff; Ll; Hh B.Gg;Tt; Zz . C.Bb; Dd; Jj D.Aa;Kk; Xx 10.Which underlined letter pronounces differently from the others? A.northern B.abroad C.block D.before 11.Choose one of the letters with different pronunciation. A.cake B.face C. apple D.late 12.She didn't have a good_____/ sli:p/ last night, so she looked tired. A.sleep B.sheep C.shape D.shop 13.从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出所含元音音素不同的一个。 A.name B.Grace C.map D.game 14.Which pronunciation is not the same as the others? A.win B.with C.king D.rice 15.Which of the underlined part pronounces differently? A.idle B.idea C.idiom D.identify 16.I will__________/?'tend/a concert tomorrow. A.aloud B.attend C.ahead D.afford 17.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?

英语语音基础知识

一、英语的历史 二、语音基本概念 三、音素 四、国际音标发音要领及发音规则 五、元音字母及元音字母组合的读音规则 六、辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音 七、单词附加词尾的读音规则 八、单词重音和句子重音 九、连读、爆破及失去爆破 十、音节

一、英语的历史 1、20世纪的英语 在英国,标准英语实际上指的是受过良好教育的人使用的英语。它并不是一种地区性方言,而是一个文化群体所用的语言。标准英语原来只是一种在学校校园中流行或使用的语言,如在伊顿大学、汉诺公学、牛津大学、剑桥大学所使用的语言。许多英国人在童年时代说地区方言,但是在上中学和上大学的时候学会了标准语言,或者所谓可接受的英语。由于公众媒体如BBC广播公司等使用标准英语,它的影响越来越强。 各种不同的地区性方言仍然在各地使用,一些重要的地区性方言目前仍在发展。例如,爱尔兰的方言仍然保留了某些独特的语言特征:发音,如leave发音lave,flutter发音为fluther;句法,如动词be的不同用法;词汇,如英语古语adown的使用(for down)。由于18世纪苏格兰诗人伯斯的诗而闻名于英语世界的苏格兰方言,仍然保留了某些独特的发音,如neighbor发音为neebour,good发音为guid。澳大利亚的英语,由于其独特的双元音发音,以及某些原先英国地区性方言的用法,加之还有从澳洲土著语言引入的词汇,仍保持了它独立的低位。 2、美国英语 除英国本土之外,英语最主要的发展地在美洲。美国英语,或者称之为美语,可以把加拿大英语也包括进去,尽管加拿大英语仍然保留了英国英语的一些发音、拼写和词汇的特点。美国英语和英国英语最大的的差异在于发音和词汇,另外,拼写、语调、重音也有少许不同。美国英语的书面语言在语法和句法上更加严谨,而与此同时,对于新的用法采取更加宽容的态度。尽管有这些差异,但就严肃的文学作品而言,仅从其作品的字里行间就打算断定一篇作品是在英国还是在美国或者加拿大写的常常是很困难的。 3、词汇 英语词汇经过1500年的发展,到现在词汇已经增加大惊人的数量。收词最多的牛津英语字典,记载了500000单词。现在估计英语词汇已经超过1000000,包括俚语方言和科技术语。而其中许多是在20世纪50年代后才使用的,英语具有世界上最多的词汇,其他语言,只有汉语具有与英语相匹配的造词能力。 英语词汇增加的原因有如下几个: ①英语不断地从别的语言直接借用词汇,特别是从拉丁语、希腊语、法语、北欧语言中借用了大量的词汇; ②直接用英语模仿自然界的声音,如burp、clink; ③采用加前、后缀的方法,有的是本身具有的,例如mis-、-ness,有的是借用的,例如ex-、-ist; ④把单词的部分加以组合,例如brunch是由breakfast和lunch组合而成的; ⑤不同的词类直接借用,例如名词shower作动词使用to shower 所以这一切都是造成英语词汇数量如此庞大的原因。不同的词类直接借用,即所谓的功能改变,造的新词最多,这也是由于英语的词法特点所决定的。 4、词形变化 相对而言,现代英语是词形变化很少的语言。名词只在所有格和复数时加上后缀。动词的词形变化有内部元音变化即强势变化,例如sing、sang、sung和弱势变化,即在动词后面加上后缀的变化方法,例如play、played、played。现在只有66个强势变化的动词仍在使用,也只占不规则动词的一小部分,新的动词毫不例外地采用弱势变化的形式,而且都是规则变化的动词。但是动词的句型涉及到不少的助动词,例如have、can、may、must等。人称代词是词形变化最多的,例如I、she/me、her/my、her/mine、hers.

口语:英语口语发音技巧

口语:英语口语发音技巧 一、连读 连读有两种规则,分别为: 1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词: 如:(1)I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾,another 以元音开头,所以连读;(2)We have an English friend. 这个句子有两处连读:前一处是have的尾辅音/v/ 与an的开头元音//连读为/v/;后一处是an的尾辅音/n/与English 的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/。举例:I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black workedin~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago. Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up. 注意:以辅音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音,而不是单词的结尾,这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。 2、以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读 what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go? Can he do it? Should he….? Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似) 3、以-r或-re字母结尾的单词+元音开头的单词时,可将/r/与后面 的元音拼读。

(完整版)英语语音发音部位及方法

英语语音发音部位及方法 第一章发音部位 一、发音器官 二、唇形(口型)

(1)双唇紧闭 (2)自然开口 (3)扁唇:微笑 (4)大圆唇:尽量张大口 (5)小圆唇:口型渐渐变小 第二章元音(Vowel)发音方法 一、单元音(Monophthong) 1.前元音(4 Front Vowels) 1)/i:/——舌尖抵下齿龈,但不要抵得太紧。略略扁唇,像微笑的口型。发音时间略长。(Open your mouth just a little for the sound. Spread your lips into a smile. Push

your tongue forward in your mouth. It’s a long sound. Move your tongue up a little as you say it.) 2) /I/(/i/)——先发/i:/,在此基础上,嘴角稍微收小一点,开口略大一点,舌尖靠近,但不要紧贴下齿龈,发音时间相对较短。(Open your mouth just a little more for this sound. Don’t spread your lips into a smile. The sound is shorter, more relaxed than /i:/.) 3)/e/(ε)——舌尖抵下齿龈,不要抵得太紧。口略开,约可放入一个指尖。不扁唇,口型自然放松,发音时间相对较短。(Practice the sound /I/, then open your mouth a little more for this sound. It is a short and relaxed sound.) 4)/?/——舌尖抵下齿龈,双唇尽量向两边张开,嘴角肌肉感到紧张。开口程度大,约可放入食指和中指交叠。不扁唇。(Practice the sound / e /, then open your mouth a little more for this sound.) 2.后元音(5 Back Vowels) 1)/a:/——松弛自然,口张到最大,不要撅嘴,舌尖离开下齿龈,长元音。(Practice the sound /?/, then open your mouth wide for this sound. Your tongue should rest in the bottom of your mouth.)

23条英语音标发音技巧

23条英语音标发音技巧~ 1.字母q总是与u在一起,读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音。 2.字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle),其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop)。 3.字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym),其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give);其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust)。 4.元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u),有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort)。 5.字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym),但是也可读做I(silent, my, type)。 6.一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by)。 7.有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音。(如me, she, 和he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音) 尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作) 7.1 bake time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音。. 7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词。 7.3 chance bodice charge allege2 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/。 7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab3 ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母。 7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri 女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e。 7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是fals)。 7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea),如awe4, ewe, rye 7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore。 7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的,现在不发音. 如treatise5 giraffe 8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子。 Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的。 另外,or在w后也可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音。如dollar, doctor。 9. 1-1-1规则:单音节单词中,结尾是单元音加单个辅音的,在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时,需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化。(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外,因为它由两个音/ks/。 10. 2-1-1规则:双音节词中,结尾是单元音加单个辅音的,在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时,需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get)。 11. 去e规则,以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e。(come----coming) 12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下,应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时,用 ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit6 forfeited7 leisure. Plus: either weird8 protein heifer: 13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish),还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish),但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头,除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship)。 14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头,发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素。比如 第 1 页

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