英文评论 ode to the west wind

Ode to the West Wind

Ode to the west wind is the most famous lyric poem written by English romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelle in 1819, the poem used various rhetoric methods, the poet made the scene and his feeling melt together. Some have interpreted the poem as the speaker lamenting that he was unable to directly help those in England owing to his being in Italy. At the same time, the poem expresses the hope that its words will inspire and influence those who read or hear it. Some also believe that the poem is due to the loss of his son, William in 1819. Another son Charles died in 1826, after Ode to the West Wind was written and published. The ensuing pain influenced Shelley. No matter what inspired this brilliant poet, this ode represents the highest level of work for Shelley.

The poem has five stanzas, In every stanza, the first twelve lines use the form of terza rima and the last two lines make up a couplet. Each stanza rhyme arrangement is aba，bcb, cdc, ded, ee. According to its content, in fact, it can be easily divided into three levels. The first, second, third stanzas make up the first level, the last two stanzas each for a level. The first level is developed from the earth, the sky, the ocean, which lead to the shifter, days turned and the tsunami and show a common image of old things. The huge destruction of west wind leaves a deep impress on readers. What’s more, the role as “protector” is more impressive. Its coming can bring a new scene, and all the old things will be gone.

The biggest feature of this lyric poem is that it delicately makes use of symbolic meanings. For example, t he main symbol “west wind” stands for the moral and the spirit, and it can give people power. Moreover, in first stanza, “the leaves dead” stand for British reactionary chasses, “Pestilence-stricken multitudes” shows us the force and state of the classes. In second stanza, “Thou dirge of the dying year to which this closing night will be the dome of a vast sepul cher”, which stand for the decaying of the old forces. In the third stanza, the poet switches his attention to the blue Mediterranean, which presents a quiet, easeful circumstance standing for the peaceful life of the ruling class. Almost every stanza uses the meaning of symbols. The descriptions of these objects or sceneries look like common things in daily life, but when they are infused with the writer’s feelings and wishes, they are impressive and meaningful.

Apart from symbols, there are also many other rhetoric methods in this ode. At the beginning of the first stanza, the poet uses the personification, giving the west wind the image of a person, such as “breath; presence; driven”, next he uses simile “like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing”, here it is the “enchanter” that has the magic. Later, he uses metaphor “thine azure sister of the spring”, showing the power of west wind of spring which brings life to the earth. The west wind becomes wild spirit, which are both destroyer and preserver. The west wind blows the desperate scene, at the same time, it brings the hope. From “The

winged seeds” “Her clarion” it gives seeds the wing, on one hand, the poet is presenting the strength of the wind; on the other hand it emphasizes the poet’s hope, passion and o ptimistic will towards the revolution. Finally, “Wild Spirit” and “Destroyer and preserver”, the poet points out the main thought.In the following stanzas, Shelley melts several diverse rhetoric devices and makes the ode more vivid and attractive.

In addition to the rich rhetoric devises mentioned above, the last most famous sentence also contributes a lot to the widespread popularity of this poem. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” Shelly shows the optimistic attitude towards difficulties in life, as well as in revolution movements. Shelley sees winter not just as the last season of vegetation but as the last phase of life. Shelley observes the changing of the weather from autumn to winter and its effects on the environment. Shelley is trying to show that a man’s ideas can spread and live on beyond his lifetime by having the wind carry his “dead thoughts” which through destruction, will lead to a rebirth in the imagination, and in the natural world.

Clearly, the whole poem revolves around the “west wind”. It never uses any political term and revolution slogan. But after reading, we can still know it emphasizes on revolution more than nature storm. In the early 19th century, the whole Europe was still enveloped in the dark of feudalism. “Ode to the West Wind” was not only the song of autumn, but also the sound of era. The thematic implication is also significant: whereas the older generation of Romantic poets viewed nature as a source of truth and authentic experience, the younger generation largely viewed nature as a source of beauty and aesthetic experience. In this poem, Shelley explicitly links nature with art by finding powerful natural metaphors with which to express his ideas about the power, quality, and ultimate effect of aesthetic expression.

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