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外研版七年级英语下册语法知识点梳理

外研版七年级英语下册语法知识点梳理
外研版七年级英语下册语法知识点梳理

外研版七年级英语下册语法知识点梳理

(WORD版本真题试卷+名师解析答案,建议下载保存)

1. 词类:物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语

2. 时态:一般将来时态和一般过去时态

3. 句型:特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句

一. 物主代词

1. 物主代词:表示所属关系的代词(…属于谁的)

人称单数复数

形容词性物主代词名词性物主代

形容性物主代

名词性物主代

第一人称my mine our ours 第二人称your yours your yours 第三人称his his their Theirs her hers

2. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:

(1)形容词性物主代词:必须和名词在一起。

My father, your teacher...

(2)名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt.

二. 情态动词can

1. 含义:表达人或物的能力,能或会...…

2. 特点:情态动词can没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

3. 否定形式:cannot(正式用法)=can’t(口语)

4. 句型结构:

(1)肯定句:主语+ 情态动词+ 动词原形+ 其他+ 。

She / They can swim well.

(2)否定句:主语+ 情态动词+ not + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。She / They can not swim well.

(3)一般疑问句:情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ?Can she / they swim well?

Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t.

(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ 情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ?

Why can she / they swim well?

Who can swim well?

三. 介词

between...and... 在两者之间

Lingling sits between Tony and Daming.玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间。among 在三者或三者以上之间

Miss Li is among lots of students.李老师在许多同学之间。

四. 一般将来时

1. 时间状语:in+一段时间;tomorrow;in the future; next+时间;this+时间(表示将来时间的状语)

2. be(is,am.are)going to do的用法。

(1)含义:计划,打算做某事

(2)句型结构:一般将来时be going to+动词原形

肯定句结构:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.

否定句结构:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他.

一般疑问句:be动词提前

Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.

否定回答:No,主语+be not.

注意:表示计划到某地去,谓语动词go与going重复,一般只说be going to +地点.

3. 由shall和will引导的一般将来时

(1)含义:将会...…

(2)特点:助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

shall在一般将来时中,一般用于第一人称之后。

例如:I/We shall have an English lesson. 我们将有一节英语课。

否定形式:shall not=shan′t;will not=won′t

(3)句型结构:

肯定句:主语+shall/will+do

否定句:主语+shall/will+not+do(will not 可缩写成won’t)

一般疑问句:shall/will+主语+ do

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do

五. 一般过去时

1. 含义:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2. 标志性时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month (上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。

3.谓语动词结构:V-ed

动词过去式变化规则:

①一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

②结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

③末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

⑤不规则动词过去式:

lose(丢失) ----lost;make(制造) ----made;

mean(意思) ----meant;meet(见) ----met

pay(付) ----paid;say(说) ----said

sell(卖) ----sold;send(送)----sent

sit(坐) ----sat;sleep(睡) ----slept

smell(嗅) ----smelt;spell(拼写) ----spelt

spend(度过) ----spent;stand(站) ----stood

teach(教) ----taught;tell(告诉) ----told

win(赢) ----won;think(想) ----thought

understand(理解) ----understood;begin(开始) ----began

blow(吹) ----blew;break(打破) ----broke

choose(选择) ----chose;do(做) ----did

draw(画) ----drew;drink(喝) ----drank

drive(驾驶) ----drove;eat(吃) ----ate

fall(落下) ----fell;fly(飞) ----flew

forget(忘) ----forgot;give(给) ----gave

go(去) ----went;grow(成长) ----grew

know(知道) ----knew;lie(躺) ----lay----lain ring(按铃) ----rang;write(写) ----wrote

ride(骑) ----rode;see(看见)----saw

show(出示) ----showed;wake(弄醒) ----woke sing(唱) ----sang;speak(讲话) ----spoke

steal(偷) ----stole;wear(穿) ----wore

swim(游泳) ----swam;take(拿) ----took throw(扔) ----threw;become(成为) ----became come(来) ----came;run(跑) ----ran

4. 句式变化规则:

(1)Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn't)

are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren't)

带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。(2)句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn't +动词原形,

如:Jim went home yesterday.→Jim didn't go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Jim went home yesterday.→Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?

如:Jim went home yesterday.→Did Jim go home yesterday?→

What did Jim do yesterday?

六. 特殊疑问句

1. 含义:以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。

2. 特殊疑问词总结:

①what 什么(职业,姓名等)

what day 星期几What day is it today?

what size 多大尺码What size are your shoes?

what time 什么时间

what colour 什么颜色

what size 多大号

②when 什么时候(就时间提问)

③where 什么地方(就地点提问)

④who 谁(问人的身份,姓名等)

⑤which 哪一个;哪些

⑥why 为什么(就原因提问,常用because回答)

⑦how 怎么样

how many多少(提问可数名词数量)

How many books do you have ?

how much 多少(提问不可数名词数量)How much water is there in the glass?

how much 多少钱(提问价格)

how old 几岁(提问年龄)

how long 多长(提问长度)How long is this ruler?这把尺子有多长?

多长时间(时间持续多久)How long do you go to school?你去学校要多长时间?

how often 多久一次(提问频率既单位时间发生多少次)

how soon (还要多久时间才能开始或结束)How soon will he come back?他多久才能回来?

how far(提问距离有多远)

how heavy(提问有多重)

3. 句型结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句?

Why do you like watching TV ?

七. 祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

(1)动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

(2)Be + adj.

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心!

(3)Let's + 动词原形

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