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专四阅读真题test 1

专四阅读真题test 1
专四阅读真题test 1

T est One

Text A

Imagine that the world consists of 20 men and 20 women, all of them heterosexual and in search of a mate. Since the numbers are even, everyone can find a partner. But what happens if you take away one man? Y ou might not think this would make much difference. Y ou would be wrong, argues Tim Harford, a British economist, in a book called “The Logic of Life”. With 20 women pursuing 19 men, one woman faces the prospect of spinsterhood. So she ups her game. Perhaps she dresses more seductively. Perhaps she makes an extra effort to be obliging. Somehow or other, she “steals” a man from one of her fellow women. That newly single woman then ups her game, too, to steal a man from someone else. A chain reaction ensues.

Real life is more complicated, of course, but this simple model illustrates an important truth. In the marriage market, numbers matter. And among African-Americans, the difference is much worse than in Mr Harford?s imaginary example. Between the ages of 20 and 29, one black man in nine is behind bars. For black women of the same age, the figure is about one in 150. For obvious reasons, convicts are excluded from the dating pool.

Removing so many men from the marriage market has profound consequences. As imprisonment rates exploded between 1970 and 2007, the proportion of US-born black women aged 30-44 who were married plunged from 62% to 33%. Why this happened is complex and furiously debated. The era of mass imprisonment began as traditional mores were already crumbling, following the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the invention of the contraceptive pill. It also coincided with greater opportunities for women in the workplace. These factors must surely have had something to do with the decline of marriage.

But jail is a big part of the problem, argue Kerwin Kofi Charles, now at the University of Chicago. They divided America up into geographical and racial “marriage markets”, to take account of the fact that most people marry someone of the same race who lives relatively close to them. Then, after crunching the census numbers, they found that a one percentage point increase in the male imprisonment rate was associated with a 2.4-point reduction in the proportion of women who ever marry. Could it be, however, that mass imprisonment is a symptom of increasing social malfunction, and that it was this social malfunction that caused marriage to wither? Probably not. For similar crimes, America imposes much harsher penalties than other rich countries. Mr Charles and Mr Luoh controlled for crime rates, as a substitution for social mal function, and found that it made no difference to their results. They concluded that “higher male imprisonment has lowered the likelihood that women marry…and caused a shift in the gains from marriage away from wome n and towards men.”

81.The word “ensues” in Paragraph One probably means

A.results in something.

B.happens after something.

C.seems to be welcom.

D.is interrupted temporarily.

82.We can infer from the passage that

A.Most of the crimes are committed by blacks in America.

B.The crime rate of black men is gradually decreasing in America.

C.Black men committed more serious crimes than women in America.

D.The crime rates of black men and women are different in America.

83.Which of the following does NOT result in the decline of marriage of black women?

A.The increasing number of career women.

B.A movement that changed people?s attitude.

C.The utility of new equipment and apparatuses.

D.The breakdown of the traditional morality.

84.In terms of marriage, most people tend to

A.get married after careful consideration

B.be attracted by someone living in an alien land.

C.be well-matched in social and economic statuses.

D.marry one living in similar environmental conditions.

85.Mr. Charles and Mr. Luoh?s research shows that as to marriage,

A.women will suffer more from hardship than men do.

B.crime rates and social malfunction are of equal importance.

C.male imprisonment plays a decisive role in women?s marriage.

D.social malfunction can be replaced by crime rates easily.

Text B

[1]In 1945, a 12-year-old boy saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the price—five dollars—was far beyond Reuben Earle's means.

[2]Reuben couldn't ask his father for the money. Everything Mark Earle made through fishing in Bay Roberts, Newfoundland, Canada. Reuben's mother, Dora, stretched like elastic to feed and clothe their five children.

[3]Nevertheless, he opened the shop's weathered door and went inside. Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, "But I don't have the money right now. Can you please hold it for me for some time?"

[4]"I'll try," the shopkeeper smiled. "Folks around here don't usually have that kind of money to spend on things. It should keep for a while."

[5]Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out into the sunlight with the bay rippling in a freshening wind. There was purpose in his loping stride. He would raise the five dollars and not tell anybody.

[6]Hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, Reuben had an idea.

[7]He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails purchased in Hessian sacks from a local factory. Sometimes the sacks were discarded in the flurry of building, and Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.

[8]That day he found two sacks, which he took to the rambling wooden factory and sold to the man in charge of packing nails.

[9]The boy's hand tightly clutched the five-cent pieces as he ran the two kilometers home.

[10]Near his house stood the ancient barn that housed the family's goats and chickens. Reuben found a rusty soda tin and dropped his coins inside. Then he climbed into the loft of the barn and hid the tin beneath a pile of sweet smelling hay.

[11]It was dinner time when Reuben got home. His father sat at the big kitchen table, working on a fishing net. Dora was at the kitchen stove, ready to serve dinner as Reuben took his place at the table.

[12]He looked at his mother and smiled. Sunlight from the window gilded her shoulder-length blonde hair. Slim and beautiful, she was the center of the home, the glue that held it together.

[13]Her chores were never-ending. Sewing clothes for her family on the old Singer treadle machine, cooking meals and baking bread, planting and tending a vegetable garden, milking the goats and scrubbing soiled clothes on a washboard. But she was happy. Her family and their well-being were her highest priority.

[14]Every day after chores and school, Reuben scoured the town, collecting the hessian nail bags. All summer long, despite chores at home weeding and watering the garden, cutting wood and fetching water—Reuben kept to his secret task.

[15]Often he was cold, tired and hungry, but the thought of the object in the shop window sustained him. Sometimes his mother would ask: "Reuben, where were you? We were waiting for you to have dinner."

[16]"Playing, Mum. Sorry."

[17]Dora would look at his face and shake her head. Boys.

[18]Finally spring burst into glorious green and Reuben's spirits erupted. The time had come!

86.We can conclude from the passage that

A.the family?s life depended on Mark Earle.

B.Reuben?s mother worked part-time.

C.Reuben had five brothers and sisters.

D.Dora was fed up with her life.

87.Which of the following adjectives CANNOT describe Reuben?

A.confident.

B.sociable.

C.arrogant.

D.courteous.

88.Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dora?

A.She stayed in love.

B.She wore long hair.

C.She?s content with life.

D.She had a frail body.

89.The word “scoured” in Paragraph 14 probably means

A.wandered aimlessly.

B.searched carefully.

C.went around.

D.removed from

90.“Boys” in the 17th paragraph implies that

A.Boys are not as quiet as girls.

B.Boys love to have fun by nature.

C.Boys are too naughty to be obedient.

D.Boys are more adventurous than girls.

Text C

As a fitness coach in Grand Rapids, Mich., Doreen Bolhuis has a passion for developing

exercises for children. The younger, it seems, the better. “With the babies in our family,” she said, “I start working them out in the hospital.” Ms. Bolhuis turned her exercises into a company, Gymtrix, that offers a library of videos starting with training for babies as young as 6 months. There is no lying in the crib playing with toes.

Infant athletes, accompanied by doting parents on the videos, do a lot of jumping, kicking and, in one exercise, something that looks like baseball batting practice.

The growing competition in marketing baby sports DVDs includes companies with names like athleticBaby and Baby Goes Pro. Even experts in youth sports seem startled that the age of entry has dipped so low. “That?s really amazing. What?s next?” said Dr. Lyle Micheli, an orthopedic surgeon.

Dr. Micheli said he did not see any great advantages in exposing babies to sports. “I don?t know of any evidence that training at this infancy stage accelerates coordination,” he said. One of his concerns, he said, is “the potential for even younger ages of overuse injury.”

The Little Gym, based in Scottsdale, Ariz., begins classes for children at 4 months old. Bob Bingham, the company?s chief executive, said that about 20,000 youngsters under 2 —about a quarter of the total enrollment —were signed up for classes at locations in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. That is a sizable increase from last year, he said. The company, which has gyms in 20 countries, plans to open 100 locations over the next five years. My Gym, based in Sherman Oaks, Calif., said 55 percent of those who attend classes at its 200 locations — 157 in the United States — were 2 ? or younger.

The entrepreneurs behind these businesses —gym teachers, accountants and former professional athletes among them —make no claims about turning today?s babies into tomorrow?s Super Bowl star. In the past, marketing claims for products geared toward babies have caused trouble for companies. Disney, which owned the popular Baby Einstein brand, dropped the term “educational” after a children?s-rights group objected to contentions that babies who watched “Baby Einstein” were learning. Disney also offere d refunds.

That?s not enough to sell Dr. Micheli on the idea of sports classes for tykes. Before rushing off to a day of treating injured athletes, he said, “We won?t be putting their brochures in our clinic.”

91.It can be inferred that babies

A.are not allowed to play with toes any more.

B.are expected to do exercises as early as possible.

C.are video-taped by parents as much as possible.

D.are took good care of coaches in many gyms.

92.Dr. Micheli?s attitude towards baby sports is one of

A.disapproval.

B.enthusiasm.

C.curiosity.

D.ambiguity.

93.Parents start working babies early to

A.go with the times.

B.keep them fit and strong.

C.train them to be athletes.

D.accelerate their coordination.

94.The businessmen for baby exercises are cautious about setting a goal because

A.they will have been fined if they make any claims.

B.it is hard for them to find a specific and feasible one.

C.they have learned a lesson from previous experiences.

D.they only attach importance to short-term development.

95.The best title of the passage is

A.Sports Training Has Begun for Babies and Toddlers.

B.Sports Training Does Harm to Babies and Toddlers.

C.Whether Should Babies Have Sports Training?

D.What Training Should Babies and Toddlers Have?

Text D

A middle-aged couple sits in front of a TV set. He flicks idly through a magazine, she holds a drink. An advertisement for Marks & Spencer, a British retailer, comes on. It is a humdrum domestic scene, one that could have been captured at any point in the past 50 years.

The husband and wife are playing back a programme that they have captured on a digital video recorder—something they do often. They do not need to watch advertisements. Indeed, they claim never to do so. Whenever an ad comes on during a recorded programme, the husband says in an interview, he zips through it at 30 times the normal speed.

Just outside Brighton, on England?s south coast, Sarah Pearson watches people watch television. She has almost 100,000 hours of video showing utterly banal scenes—people channel-surfing, fighting over the remote control and napping. Her findings are astonishing. There turns out to be an enormous gap between how people say they watch television and how they actually do. This gap contains clues to why television is so successful, and why so many attempts to transform it through technology have failed.

In the past few years viewers have gained much more control over television. Video-cassette recorders have been replaced by DVD players and digital video recorders (DVRs), both of which are easier to use. Cable and satellite firms offer a growing number of videos on demand. TV has gone online and become mobile. As a result, viewers? expectations have changed dramatically. Katsuaki Suzuki of Fuji Television, Japan?s biggest broadcaster, says nobody feels they need to be at home to catch the 9pm drama any more.

But a change in expectations is not quite the same as a change in behaviour. Although it is easier than ever to watch programmes at a time and on a device of one?s choosing, and people expect to be able to do so, nearly all TV is nonetheless watched live on a television set. Even in British homes with a Sky+ box, which allows for easy recording of programmes, almost 85% of television shows are viewed at the time the broadcasters see fit to air them.

“People want to watch …Pop Idol? when everyone else is watching it,” says Mike Darcey of BSkyB. If that is not possible, they watch it as soon as they can afterwards. Some 60% of all shows recorded on Sky+ boxes are viewed within a day.

96.According to the passage, the husband is

A. a programmer.

B.an interviewee.

C. a producer.

D.an employee.

97.When watching TV, people do all the following EXCEPT

A.switching channels.

B.arguing over trifles.

C.dozing off.

D.seizing something.

98.We can infer that what the husband and wife claim is not

A.matter-of-fact.

B.well-grounded.

C.reasonable.

D.feasible.

99.Viewer?s expectations of TV programs have changed due to

A.the advancement of technology.

B.the richness of recreational activities.

C.the rapid spread of the Internet.

D.the large quantity of programs.

100.The passage aims to show us

A.why people tend to change channels.

B.how people really watch television.

C.what people prefer to watch on TV.

D.when people watch television.

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]

Text A

短文大意

本文围绕黑人女性结婚率逐年降低这一现象展开说明。开篇假设一个场景,提出问题,然后用英国经济学家哈福德在其著作《生活的逻辑》中的解释展开说明。由此引出第二段非裔美国人中婚姻不平衡的现状。解释为什么黑人单身女性那么多。第三段介绍美国黑人男性犯罪率不断增加对婚姻带来的影响。末段总结认为黑人男性入狱人数增加还是影响女性婚姻的主要原因。

长难句注释

1.The era of mass imprisonment began as traditional mores were already crumbling, following

the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the invention of the contraceptive pill.

参考译文上世纪60年代出现了性解放运动,发明了避孕药,传统道德观念随之解体,黑人入狱人数由此开始激增。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为The era of mass imprisonment began。as traditional mores were already crumbling是原因状语从句,而现在分词结构following the sexual revolution of the 1960s and the invention of the contraceptive pill是原因状语。

2.They divided America up into geographical and racial “marriage markets”, to take account of

the fact that most people marry someone of the same race who lives relatively close to them. 参考译文考虑到大多数人的婚姻对象与自己种族相同、居住地很近,他们将美国分为地理上与种族上的“婚姻市场”。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为They divided America up into geographical and racial “marriage markets”。不定式结构to take account of the fact…是原因状语,而that most people marry someone of the same race是fact的同位语从句,who lives relatively close to them是

someone的定语从句。

3.Then, after crunching the census numbers, they found that a one percentage point increase in

the male imprisonment rate was associated with a 2.4-point reduction in the proportion of women who ever marry.

参考译文经过对调查数据的详细分析,他们发现,黑人男性入狱率上升一个百分点,女性的结婚率就下降2.4个百分点。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为they found that,后面是宾语从句,其中,主干结构是a one percentage point increase was associated with a 2.4-point reduction;who ever marry是women的定语从句。after crunching the census numbers是时间状语。

4.Could it be, however, that mass imprisonment is a symptom of increasing social malfunction,

and that it was this social malfunction that caused marriage to wither?

参考译文但是,大量黑人男性入狱是否就是社会失衡不断增加的标志,而社会失衡又引发了婚姻率下降?

结构分析本句为主从复合句。主句为Could it be, however, that,后面为that引导的两个并列的表语从句。而it was this social malfunction that caused marriage to wither是强调句。

试题详解

81. [B]。【解析】语义理解题。由题干定位至首段。最后几句解释面对有成为“剩女”的可能性,女士们采取的行动。倒数第三句提到结果“Somehow or other, she “steals” a man from one of her fellow women.”,之后“That newly single woman then ups her game, too, to steal a man from someone else.”,这说明当男少女多时,就会出现一个女子从另一个女子身边抢男人的事情。这种事情会接踵而来,[B]符合文意,故为答案。【点睛】[A]像是指连锁反应会导致什么样的结果,但“A chain reaction ensues”是对上文的解释,与该处语义关系矛盾,排除;文中没有提到“偷”男人的连锁反应受到欢迎,也没有提到会暂时中止,排除[C]和[D]。82. [D]。【解析】推理判断题。按照试题顺序继续浏览下文。第二段第四句指出“Between the ages of 20 and 29, one black man in nine is behind bars. For black women of the same age, the figure is about one in 150.”,这里behind bars意为“在狱中服刑”,黑人男性服刑比例是九分之一,而女性是一百五十分之一,显然两者的犯罪率不同,故[D]为答案。【点睛】文章只提到在适婚年龄段,黑人男女各自犯罪率的比例,不涉及美国整体犯罪数量的问题,[A]无依据;文章没有提到犯罪率是否逐步下降的问题,在第三段第二句还提到“As imprisonment rates exploded between 1970 and 2007”,[B]与文章矛盾,排除;文章只笼统地提到服刑,没有提到serious crimes(重罪),[C]无依据,排除。

83. [C]。【解析】事实细节题。由题干中的decline of marriage定位至第三段。第四句解释了“从1970年到2007年,黑人入狱比例猛增;同时,在出生于美国的30到44岁黑人女性中,结婚率从62%下降到33%”的原因,其中“the invention of the contraceptive pill”是指发明了避孕药,[C]是就该处的曲解,故为答案。【点睛】[A]是对“It also coincided with greater opportunities for women in the workplace.”的概括;[B]是对“the sexual revolution of the 1960s”的阐释;[D]是对“traditional mores were already crumbling”的转述,这三项均与原文相符。

84. [D]。【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的marriage和most people定位至第四段第二句“most people marry someone of the same race who lives relatively close to them”,由此推断,大多数人会倾向于选择背景和自己比较相似的人结婚,故[D]为答案。【点睛】文章没有提到多数人是闪婚还是认真考虑清楚之后才结婚的问题,[A]为过度推断,排除;[B]与第二句的“who lives relatively close to them”矛盾,排除;文章也未提到社会地位和经济地位是否匹配的问题,排除[C]。

85. [C]。【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的Mr. Charles and Mr. Luoh定位至末段,末句是两

人的研究结论“higher male imprisonment has lowered the likelihood that women marry…and caused a shift in the gains from marriage away from women and towards men.”,而这些都是对该段首句主题句“But jail is a big part of the problem, argue Kerwin Kofi Charles, now at the University of Chicago.”进行解释说明的支持性细节,目的就是表明影响女士婚姻的主要因素是男性入狱问题,故[C]为答案。【点睛】末句提到的是“女性从婚姻中所获减少、而男性所获增加”,没有提到生活艰辛,排除[A];第三句提出了一个问题“Could it be, however, that mass imprisonment is a symptom of increasing social malfunction, and that it was this social malfunction that caused marriage to wither?”,第五句解释了两人的研究方法“查尔斯与骆明庆将社会失衡指标替换为犯罪率,发现对结果没有影响”,[B]和[D]是对该句的曲解,排除。

难词突破:

核心词

spinsterhood n. 未婚身份

seductively ad. 诱惑地

convict n. 罪犯

imprisonment n. 服刑

wither v. 枯萎

超纲词

heterosexual a. 异性恋的

crunch v. 处理

Text B

短文大意

本文记叙了一个小男孩儿Reuben攒钱买礼物的过程。开篇明义,直接表明他要买一个价值5美元的物品。第二段简要介绍了他的家庭状况,没有余钱购买那件物品。第三段和第四段记叙他和老板交涉,希望为他保留那件物品。第五段至第十段记叙他想出挣钱的办法——捡装过钉子的袋子去卖。第十一段至第十三段是有关他妈妈的描述,家人都爱她。第十四至第十八段描述Reuben费劲千辛万苦,终于攒够了钱,可以去买礼物了。

长难句注释

1.Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the

shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, "But I don't have the money right now. "

参考译文他穿着有四个口袋的衬衫和旧裤子,站得笔直,很自豪。他告诉老板自己想买的东西,另外说到“但是我现在没有钱。”

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为he told the shopkeeper what he wanted。现在分词结构Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack shirt and washed-out trousers作状语,表伴随状况。adding, "But I don't have the money right now. "做方式状语。

2.Sometimes the sacks were discarded in the flurry of building, and Reuben knew he could sell

them back to the factory for five cents a piece.

参考译文有时干活一忙乱,麻袋就被随手丢弃了,而鲁本知道工厂按5分钱一个回收这种麻袋。

结构分析本句为并列复合句,第一个分句为the sacks were discarded。第二个分句为Reuben knew…。he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece是knew的宾语从句。

3.All summer long, despite chores at home weeding and watering the garden, cutting wood and

fetching water—Reuben kept to his secret task.

参考译文整整一个夏天,鲁本除了干家务——给菜园锄草、浇水、砍柴、打水外,始终为完成他那秘密使命而不懈努力。

结构分析本句为较长的简单句,主干为Reuben kept to his secret task。despite chores at home 是让步状语,weeding and watering the garden, cutting wood and fetching water是chores的同位语结构。

试题详解

86. [A]。【解析】推理判断题。本文是第一题,直接从首段开始浏览。第二段第二句提到“Everything Mark Earle made through fishing in Bay Roberts, Newfoundland, Canada.”,由此可知,Mark Earle是家庭收入的来源,故[A]为答案。【点睛】第二段末句指出“Reuben's mother, Dora, stretched like elastic to feed and clothe their five children.”,stretched like elastic意为“像松紧带一样”,指她非常忙碌,但是忙于照顾孩子,[B]无依据;5个子女包括了Reuben,排除[C];这里没有提及Dora厌烦了自己的生活,排除[D]。

87. [C]。【解析】推理判断题。继续浏览下文,第三段记叙了Reuben走进店铺的事情,他对店主说“But I don't have the money right now. Can you please hold it for me for some time?”,直至他离开店铺都没有表现出傲慢无礼,[C]不符合文意,故为答案。【点睛】“Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack shirt and washed-out trousers”说明他不因穿得破旧而自卑,充分表现出自信,[A]符合文意;他张嘴和老板提出要求“But I don't have the money right now. Can you please hold it for me for some time?”,说明他很善于与人打交道,[B]符合文意;第五段的“Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out into the sunlight”表明他很懂礼貌,

[D]符合文意。

88. [D]。【解析】事实细节题。按照试题顺序继续浏览下文,根据题干中的Dora从十一段开始浏览,第十三段就“Her chores were never-ending.”进行了具体描写,就“Sewing clothes for her family on the old Singer treadle machine, cooking meals and baking bread, planting and tending a vegetable garden, milking the goats and scrubbing soiled clothes on a washboard”这些细节来判断,她没有一个好身体是干不了的,[D]无依据,故为答案。【点睛】第十二段末句“Slim and beautiful, she was the center of the home, the glue that held it together.”表明家人都爱她,[A]符合文意;该段第一句中的“Sunlight from the window gilded her shoulder-length blonde hair.”说明[B]符合文意;第十三段末句“But she was happy. Her family and their well-being were her highest priority.”说明她满足于自己的生活,[C]正确。

89. [B]。【解析】语义理解题。由题干定位至第十四段首句“Every day after chores and school, Reuben scoured the town, collecting the hessian nail bags.”,根据第七段和第八段的内容可知,他是在找装钉子的袋子,拿去卖钱,只有仔细搜寻,才能找到更多的袋子,故可以判断[B]符合此处语境。【点睛】因为Reuben带有明确的目的,[A]“毫无目地的乱逛”不符合文意,排除;go around意为“绕过”,remove from意为“远离”,文章没有提到Reuben寻找袋子的具体范围,无法确定是在城镇外找,还是什么其他地方,[C]和[D]没有依据。

90. [B]。【解析】推理判断题。由题干直接定位至第十七段。前两段提到“Sometimes his mother would ask: "Reuben, where were you? We were waiting for you to have dinner." "Playing, Mum. Sorry."”听到鲁本的回答,他妈妈摇了摇头,表示无奈,由此可以推断这里的Boys与play 有关,即男孩子贪玩,故[B]为答案。【点睛】文章上下文处均没有涉及girls,[A]和[D]无依据;[C]虽然与男孩有关,但这里并没有提及naughty(淘气),排除。

难词突破:

核心词

elastic n. 松紧带

ripple v. 起涟漪

discard v. 丢弃

clutch v. 抓住

erupt v. 喷发

超纲词

rambling a. 杂乱的

Text C

短文大意

本文围绕小婴儿很早就开始体育训练这个问题进行说明。开篇用Ms. Bolhuis的例子引出主旨。第二段具体描述婴儿进行体育锻炼的场景,第三段和第四段引用Dr. Micheli的话对这么小的婴儿开始进行体育训练提出了质疑。第五段具体介绍这方面公司的发展情况。末段用Micheli的话进行总结。

长难句注释

1.Infant athletes, accompanied by doting parents on the videos, do a lot of jumping, kicking

and, in one exercise, something that looks like baseball batting practice.

参考译文录像中,由溺爱的父母陪伴着的小运动员们做着大量的蹦跳,踢腿活动,其中有一项运动类似于击打棒球的练习。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主干为Infant athletes do a lot of jumping, kicking and something。过去分词结构accompanied by doting parents on the videos是infant athletes的定语。that looks like baseball batting practice是something的定语从句。

2.The entrepreneurs behind these businesses —gym teachers, accountants and former

professional athletes among them —make no claims about turning today?s babies into tomorrow?s Super Bowl star.

参考译文这些公司的老板们有体操教练,会计,前运动员等,他们不宣扬可以将这些小婴儿们培养成为未来的超级杯明星。

结构分析本句为较长的简单句,主干结构为The entrepreneurs make no claims。about turning today?s babies into tomorrow?s Super Bowl star是claims的定语。

3.Disney, which owned the popular Baby Einstein brand, dropped the term “educational” after

a children?s-rights group o

b jected to contentions that babies who watched “Baby Einstein”

were learning.

参考译文迪斯尼拥有广受欢迎的小小爱因斯坦商标,由于一个儿童权益组织反对该公司声称收看“小小爱因斯坦”的孩子能学到东西,该公司删除了“教育性的”这个词。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为Disney dropped the term “educational”。which owned the popular Baby Einstein brand是Disney的定语从句。after a children?s-rights group objected to contentions是时间状语从句;that babies who watched “Baby Einstein” were learning是contentions的同位语从句。

试题详解

91. [B]。【解析】推理判断题。根据试题顺序从首段开始浏览。首段第二句指出“The younger, it seems, the better.”,再根据第二段“Infant athletes, accompanied by doting parents on the videos, do a lot of jumping, kicking and, in one exercise, something that looks like baseball batting practice”可以判断,这里是指小婴儿很早就开始接受体育训练,故[B]为答案。【点睛】首段末句“There is no lying in the crib playing with toes”是婴儿很早开始接受体育训练的结果,不是不让他们啃脚趾头,排除[A];第二段提到“on the videos”,但没有说父母给孩子录像的数量,[C]为过度推断;文中为提及教练对婴儿的照顾问题,排除[D]。

92. [A]。【解析】观点态度题。由题干中的Micheli定位至第三段。最后两句指出“Even experts in youth sports seem startled that the age of entry has dipped so low. “That?s really amazing. What?s next?” said Dr. Lyl e Micheli, an orthopedic surgeon”,接着第四段首句明确表明“Dr. Micheli said he did not see any great advantages in exposing babies to sports.”,可见对于婴儿接受体育锻炼一事他持否定态度,认为没有好处,故[A]为答案。【点睛】句中的startled表明他被吓了一跳,显然不可能是enthusiasm(热情),排除[B];句中虽然提到了amazing,但id not see any great advantages直接表明态度,与curiosity(好奇)无关,也不是模棱两可,排除[C]和[D]。

93. [D]。【解析】推理判断题。按照试题顺序继续浏览下文。第四句提到“don?t know of any evidence that training at this infancy stage accelerates coordination”,由此可以推断,家长们趋之若鹜让婴儿很早就开始体育训练是为了加强他们的协调性,故[D]为答案。【点睛】go with the times意为“赶时髦”,文章没有提及这一点,排除[A];同理,文章也没有提及训练婴儿的其他目的,排除[B]和[C]。

94. [C]。【解析】推理判断题。由题干中的businessmen定位至倒数第二段首句“The entrepreneurs behind these businesses —gym teachers, accountants and former professional athletes among them —make no claims about turning today?s babies into tomorrow?s Super Bowl star.”,接着作者以迪斯尼为例解释了原因“In the past, marketing claims for products geared toward babies have caused trouble for companies.”,由此可以推断[C]为答案。【点睛】末句“Disney also offered refunds.”是迪尼斯的特例,非现在的情况。此外,这里refund意为“退款”,不是罚款之意,[A]是对该处的曲解;文中对各机构不做声明的解释只有一个,没有提及目标是否很难确定的问题,也未涉及长期目标和短期目标问题,排除[B]和[D]。

95. [A]。【解析】主旨大意题。本文开篇用Ms. Bolhuis的例子引出婴儿很早就开始进行体育锻炼的话题。第二段具体描述婴儿进行体育锻炼的场景,第三段引用Dr. Micheli的话对这么小的婴儿开始进行体育训练提出了质疑,接着具体介绍这方面公司的发展情况。可见文章的主旨是婴儿早期开始进行体育训练,故[A]为答案。【点睛】文中第三段和第四段提到了专家的质疑,但这只是文中部分内容,主体部分是对这一现象的说明和介绍,排除[B];文章并未就婴儿是否应该很早就开始体育训练进行论证,[C]为以偏概全;文章除了第二段提到jumping, kicking,并未就锻炼的内容进行详细说明,可见[D]不是主旨,排除。

难词突破:

核心词

passion n. 热情

crib n. 婴儿床

enrollment n. 招生人数

contention n. 主张

超纲词

doting a. 溺爱的

orthopedic a. 整形外科的

tyke n. 小孩子

Text D

短文大意

本文围绕人们看电视的方式展开讨论。开篇描述了一个经典场景,引出第二段人们就如何看电视这个问题的看法:看录制的电视节目。第三段指出研究人员令人震惊的发现:在看电视这件事情上,人们说的和做的完全是两回事。第四段对第三段末句内容进行解释:为什么任何想要通过科技颠覆电视行业的企图都失败了。第五段提出作者观点“但思想上的变化可不等于行动上的变化”,在该段及末段就这一看法加以详细说明。

长难句注释

1.Katsuaki Suzuki of Fuji Television, Japan?s biggest broadcaster, says n obody feels they need

to be at home to catch the 9pm drama any more.

参考译文来自日本最大的电视台——富士山电视台的Katsuaki Suzuki 认为,再没有人会待在家里干等九点档的肥皂剧了。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为Katsuaki Suzuki of Fuji Television says…。后面为says 的宾语从句nobody feels they need to be at home to catch the 9pm drama any more. Japan?s biggest broadcaster是Fuji Television的同位语。

2.Although it is easier than ever to watch programmes at a time and on a device of one?s

choosing, and people expect to be able to do so, nearly all TV is nonetheless watched live on

a television set.

参考译文如今在看电视这件事情上,尽管有众多的时间段和琳琅满目的设备可供选择(而且人们也是这样想的),可几乎对于所有的电视节目,人们都是通过电视机看直播的。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为nearly all TV is nonetheless watched live。从句为Although 引起的两个并列的让步状语从句。

3.Even in British homes with a Sky+ box, which allows for easy recording of programmes,

almost 85% of television shows are viewed at the time the broadcasters see fit to air them.

参考译文甚至在安装了Sky+ box(一种易于操作的节目录制产品)的英国家庭,他们85%的电视节目也都是通过直播观看的。

结构分析本句为主从复合句,主句为almost 85% of television shows are viewed。which allows for easy recording of programmes是Sky+ box的定语从句,the broadcasters see fit to air them 是time的定语从句。

试题详解

96. [B]。【解析】由题干中的husband定位至第二段。末句指出“the husband says in an interview, he zips through it at 30 times the normal speed”,从句中的interview可以看出,该人是一名受访者,故[B]为答案。【点睛】虽然该段提到programme,但均指电视节目,没有涉及节目编排者和制片人,排除[A]和[C];文中也没有提到雇佣关系,排除[D]。

97. [B]。【解析】事实细节题。按照试题顺序继续浏览下文。第三段第二句指出“She has almost 100,000 hours of video showing utterly banal scenes—people channel-surfing, fighting over the remote control and napping”,这里没有提及就琐事吵架,[B]不符合文意,故为答案。【点睛】[A]是对channel-surfing的解释;[C]与napping同义,意为“打瞌睡”;[D]是对抢夺遥控器

的解释。

98. [A]。【解析】推理判断题。根据试题顺序继续浏览下文。第三段第三句和第四句指出“Her findings are astonishing. There turns out to be an enormous gap between how people say they watch television and how they actually do.”,有关于how people say they watch television的内容只在第二段有所提及,即“They do not need to watch advertisements. Indeed, they claim never to do so.”,由此可以推断,那两个人在采访中所说的并非实情,故[A]为答案。【点睛】well-grounded意为“理由充分的”,reasonable意为“合情合理的”,feasible意为“可行的”,这几项在文中均未涉及,排除。

99. [A]。【解析】推理判断题,由题干中的viewer?s expectations定位至第四段。倒数第二句指出“As a result, viewers? expectations have changed dramatically.”,之前提到的原因是“Video-cassette recorders have been replaced by DVD players and digital video recorders (DVRs), both of which are easier to use. Cable and satellite firms offer a growing number of videos on demand. TV has gone online and become mobile.”,这些都属于技术进步范畴,故[A]为答案。【点睛】文中没有提到娱乐活动丰富,互联网的传播和节目数量问题,排除其余三项。

100. [B]。【解析】主旨大意题。文章开篇描述了一个场景,指出一对夫妇在采访时表达的观点:这对夫妇也拍胸脯保证绝对不会看:丈夫在接受采访中表示,他看见广告就以30倍的速度快进。第三段中用astonishing一词表达了人们的震惊:在看电视这件事情上,人们说的和做的完全是两回事。第四段解释了电视技术的节目,但第五段话锋一转“But a change in expectations is not quite the same as a change in behaviour.”,接着对其进行具体阐释:可几乎对于所有的电视节目,人们都是通过电视机看直播的。这是对人们看电视方式的说明,故[B]为答案。【点睛】第三段提及“people channel-surfing”,这是人们看电视时经常出现的一个场景,文章并未就其进行说明,排除[A];文章没有对人们喜欢观看的电视节目进行说明,[C]非主旨;最后两段提到人们喜欢看直播,或者“they watch it as soon as they can afterwards.”,但这是对方式的说明,而非具体看节目时间的说明,排除[D]。

难词突破:

核心词

flick v.移动

zip v. 嗖嗖飞过

transform v. 改革

dramatically ad. 极大地

超纲词

humdrum a. 单调的,乏味的

banal a. 乏味的

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运 转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平 行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在 那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

专八阅读理解练习题

passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.'Talk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied,‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’Knowledge

英语专业四级考试真题及答案(完整版)

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