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英语中形容词和副词的用法详解

英语中形容词和副词的用法详解
英语中形容词和副词的用法详解

形容词和副词

形容词及其用法

以-ly结尾的形容词

用形容词表示类别和整体

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

副词及其基本用法

兼有两种形式的副词

形容词与副词的比较级

as+形容词或副词原级+as

比较级形容词或副词+than

可修饰比较级的词

many,old和far

the+最高级+比较范围

和more有关的词组

4. 形容词和副词

4.1 形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.

(对)The man is ill.

(错)She is an afraid girl.

(对)The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

4.1 形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.

(对)The man is ill.

(错)She is an afraid girl.

(对)The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice

4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词

1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely.

(错)He spoke to me very friendly.

(对)Her singing was lovely.

(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词

1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely.

(错)He spoke to me very friendly.

(对)Her singing was lovely.

(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losing hope.

2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brown shirt

a famous German medical school

an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例题:

1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.little two other

B. two little other

C.two other little

D.little other two

答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone

B. Chinese old stone

C. old

stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:

年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the

___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last

答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰

形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要

性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能

确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+

大小、长短、高低等形体+

those + three + beautiful + large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood + table

一、形容词的定义

表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.一般放在所修饰的名词之前;若修饰不定代词,则需后置.

形容词的判断方法

判断一个词是不是形容词,可以从其结构特点和句法特点两方面来确定.

(1)结构特点

以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词,一般是形容词,如:changeable(多变的),medical(医学上的),careful(仔细的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等.

(2)句法特点

大多数形容词都可以作定语;在be,look,seem等词之后作表语;可用very来修饰,有比较级和最高级形式.其中,在句中作定语或作表语是形容词最主要的特点.如:

Mary is very nice.玛丽很可爱。(表语)

Mary is a nice girl.玛丽是个可爱的女孩。(定语)

He was asleep.他睡着了。(表语)

She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老师。(定语)

二、形容词的用法

1.用作定语

Li Mei is a beautiful city girl. 李梅是一个漂亮的城市女孩。

The new student comes from Japan. 那个新学生来自日本。

2.用作表语

My father's car is very expensive. 我父亲的轿车很贵。

The English story is very interesting. 那个英文故事很有趣。

3.用作宾语补足语

Don't keep the door open. 别让门一直开着。

His success made him happy. 他的成功让他感到幸福。

We finally found the dictionary very useful.我们最后发现词典很有用。

4."the+形容词",表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语

The old often think of old things. 老年人经常回想往事。

The new always take the place of the old. 新事物总会取代旧事物。

5.有时也可用作状语或补语

Please speak loud and clear. 请说话大声一点,清楚一点。

These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather,cold and hungry.

士兵们又冷又饿地在严寒的气候中度过了三天。

After seven days, the children came back from the forest safe.七天之后,孩子们安全地从森林中返回。

6.少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语.

这些形容词包括ill,asleep,awake,alone,alive,well,worth,glad,unable,afraid等.例如:

(正)Don't be afraid.

(误)Mr Li is an afraid man.

(正)The old man was ill yesterday.

(误)This is an ill person.

(正)This place is worth visiting.

(误)That is a worth book.

7.少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语. 这些形容词包括little,live(活着的),elder,eldest 等.例如:

(正)My elder brother is a doctor.

(误)My brother is elder than I.

(正)This is a little house.

(误)The house is little.

(正)Do you want live fish or dead one

(误)The old monkey is still live.

高考英语精品复习学案——形容词和副词考点用法及归纳

一、形容词和副词的基本用法

A.形容词:就是用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。

形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如:

1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。(形容词new作名词pen定语)

2. These oranges taste ________. (全国卷)

A. good

B. well

C. to be good

D. to be well

【分析】答案选A。系动词taste(尝起来)后要接形容词作表语。

3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ________. (全国卷)

A. open

B. to be opened

C. to open

D. opening

【分析】答案选A。形容词open(开着的)作宾补,表示状态。注意:不要选答案D,因为open是短暂性动词,不能表状态。

B.副词:就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如:

It’s raining heavily. 雨下得很大。(副词heavily修饰谓语动词)

It’s a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting)

She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词well)

This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)

注:here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语;here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如:

Tom isn’t here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语)

The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语,修饰people)

二、定语形容词与表语形容词

A.表语形容词:有的形容词一般只作表语,如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint,

表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able,以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。

B.定语形容词:通常只作定语的形容词,如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的),由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如:

This is a medical school. (不说This school is medical. )

三、形容词作定语的后置规律

形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后:

A.形容词短语作定语时要后置。如:

________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国卷)

A. Brave enough students

B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough

D. Students enough brave

【分析】答案选C。enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后,排除B和D。brave enough to…是形容词短语作定语,修饰students,要置于名词students之后。

B.表语形容词作定语要后置。如:

All the people ________ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)

A. present

B. thankful

C. interested

D. important

【分析】答案选A。表语形容词present(出席的、在场的)作定语,要放在所修饰的名词后。

C.形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时,要位于后面。如:

Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?

四、多个形容词作定语的排序

如:多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。

1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car. (辽宁卷)

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German large white

【分析】答案选B。按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。

2. ________ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)

A. T en strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

【分析】答案选A。数词是限定词,应排在形容词前,排除C和D;又strong是描绘,young是年龄,Chinese是国籍,其先后应为“描绘+年龄+国籍”。

3. The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. (江苏卷)

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little

【分析】答案选A。little是限定词,应放在形容词前面,排除C和D;表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面,排除B。

注:

庆卷)

A. all half his income

B. his half all income

C. half his all income

D. all his half income

【分析】答案选A。all和half都是前位限定词,his是中位限定词,所以his要位于all和half之后,只有A正确。

2. —How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _______ days at the seaside. (全国卷)

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last

【分析】答案选B。last, few是限定词,sunny是描绘性形容词,根据“限定词+形容词”的原则,排除C和D。又根据“序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, several等)”的原则,排除A。

五、副词在句中的位置规律

1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如:

1. —Mum, I think I’m ________ to get back to school.

—Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)

A. so well

B. so good

C. well enough

D. good enough

【分析】答案选C。指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good;副词enough 修饰形容词时,要位于形容词之后。

2. If I had ________, I’d visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)

A. a long enough holiday

B. an enough long holiday

C. a holiday enough long

D. a long holiday enough

【分析】答案选A。enough要放在形容词long之后。

3. ________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)

A. Strangely enough

B. Enough strangely

C. Strange enough

D. Enough strange

【分析】答案选A。修饰整个句子,要用副词,排除C和D;副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面,所以选A。

2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前,或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如:

She always gets up early. 她总是起得早。(副词always放在行为动词gets之前) She is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。(副词seldom放在be动词之后)

3) 词表示地点的副词常放在句末;表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末;表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后,也可放在其它位置;同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时,其顺序一般为:方式+地点+时间。如:

________ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (全国卷)

A. After eating quickly my dinner

B. After my quickly eating dinner

C. After eating my dinner quickly

D. After eating my quickly dinner

【分析】答案选C。方式副词一般位于“动词(+宾语)”之后。

六、–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别

-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到…”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人…”或“令人…的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。

1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws

get parents ________. (重庆卷)

A. worried

B. to worried

C. worrying

D. worry

【分析】答案选A。表示人“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词。句意是:…法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。

2. It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely ________ the reader.

A. interested; interest

B. interesting; be interested

C. interested; be interesting

D. interesting; interest

【分析】答案选D。指书令人有趣用interesting而不interested,排除A和C。interest 是动词,“使…有趣”。

注:即使-ed形容词用以说明事物,那也是指与该事物相关的人;即使-ing形容词用以说明人,也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如:

He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息,声音很激动。

The man is interesting. 这个有很有趣。

另外,glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等的主语也只能是人;而pleasant, easy, difficult, important等则通常以事物或it作主语,因为它们是说明事物

如:

—I’m very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

—Mn, it does have a ________ smell. (北京卷)

A. pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant

【分析】答案选D。pleased指“(人)感到高兴”,pleasant指“令人愉快的(事物)”。

4.5 副词及其基本用法

副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置:

1)在动词之前。

2)在be动词、助动词之后。

3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

注意:

a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。

He speaks English well.

二、副词的排列顺序:

1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。

2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。

Please write slowly and carefully.

3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。

改错:(错)I very like English.

(对)I like English very much.

注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone to eat.

There is food enough for everyone to eat.

4.6 兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

4.7 形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法原级比较级最高级

一般单音节词tall(高的)taller tallest

未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的)greater greatest

以不发音的e结尾nice(好的)nicer nicest

的单音词和少数large(大的)larger largest

以- le结尾的双able(有能力的) abler ablest

音节词只加-r,-st

以一个辅音字母big(大的)bigger biggest

结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest

音节词,双写结

尾的辅音字母,

再加-er,-est

"以辅音字母+y"easy(容易的)easier easiest

结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的)busier busiest

改y为i,再加

-er,-est

少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的)cleverer cleverest

结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest

未尾加-er,-est

其他双音节词和important(重要的)

多音节词,在前more important

面加more,most most important 来构成比较级和easily(容易地)

最高级。more easily

most easily 2) 不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good(好的)/better best

well(健康的)

bad (坏的)/worse worst

ill(有病的)

old (老的)older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many(多的)more most

little(少的)less least

far (远的)farther/further farthest/furthest

4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级+ as

1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as +形容词+ a +单数名词

as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

4.9 比较级形容词或副词+ than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意:

1)要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is clever than his brother.

2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。

比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

4.10 可修饰比较级的词

1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题:

1)---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes,I'm fine now.

A. any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more

B.much more

C.much

D.more much

答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。

3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time

答案:D。

4.11 many,old 和far

1) 如果后接名词时,much more +不可数名词

many more +可数名词复数

2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和

elder/eldest。elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

My elder brother is an engineer.

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

3) far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。

在美语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。

I have nothing further to say.

4.12 the + 最高级+ 比较范围

1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。

形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意:

a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。

This is the very best.

This is much the best.

b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

3) 句型转换:

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

4) "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

4.13 和more有关的词组

1) the more… the more…越……就越……

The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.

2) more B than A与其说A不如说B

less A than B

He is more lazy than slow at his work.

= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

3) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多

The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

no less… than…与……一样……

He is no less diligent than you.

4) more than不只是,非常

She is more than kind to us all.

典型例题

1)The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America

B. one in America

C. America

D. that in America

答案:D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。

2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many

B. as many twice

C. twice as many

D. twice many as

答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象

"的句型。所以此句答案为C。

This ruler is three times as long as that one.

2018中考英语形容词和副词用法总结

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人教版(新目标)初中英语形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

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初一英语语法之形容词副词

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初中英语语法大全:形容词和副词

初中英语语法大全:形容词和副词 A:形容词 1、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分 成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的 变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以 -thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely. (错)He spoke to me very friendly. (对)Her singing was lovely. (对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如: the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复 数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building

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形容词、副词的基本用法 形容词 1.概念:形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)、表示人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词。 2.功能:形容词可作定语、表语、补足语等。 3.位置:形容词一般置于它所修饰的名词之前;但当形容词修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定 代词时须后置;enough 作形容词时,放在它所修饰的名词前后均可。 4. 复合形容词的构成及用法:就初中而言,需掌握的复合形容词的构成形式是“数词+ 名词单数+ 形容词”,并且中间加连字符。复合形容词常在句中作前置定语。如a 5-year-old boy等。 ※特别提示 1.有些形容词主要用作表语,所以又称表语形容词。这类形容词主要有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,ill等。 2.有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如friendly, lively, silly, lovely等。 3.由-ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物,由-ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。 4. “the + 形容词”表示一类人或物。 副词 概念:副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 功能: 1. 副词在句中主要作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。 2. 修饰某些不定代词和数词。如:Nearly everybody came to our party. 3. 一些地点副词和时间副词,如here, there, home, abroad, upstairs, above, below, yesterday, today, tomorrow等可以作后置定语。如:Life here i s full of joy. 4. 一些副词,如in, out, on, back, down, up, off,away等可以作表语。如:Father is away. 5. 作宾语补足语。如:Ask him in, please. 6. 有些表示地点、时间的副词可作介词宾语。如:He lives not far from there. 位置:副词在句中的位置比较灵活:一般情况下,修饰动词可放其前也可放其后;修饰形容词、副词、副词短语、状语从句等时,放在其前;修饰全句放在句首;频度副词always, often等一般放在实义动词之前,情态动词、be动词、助动词之后;程度副词如very等一般放在被修饰词之前;表示序列的副词通常位于句首;enough作副词时须放在所修饰词之后。 【专项练习】 Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 ( )2. I think noodles are very___________ , so I often have them for lunch. A. delicious B. healthy C. sweet(甜的) D. fresh(新鲜的) ( )3. —What do you think of the robot exhibition(展览)? —It’s very_________. The robots can do the housework.

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形容词和副词用法总结及练习 一、形容词: (一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类: 1.直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。 2.叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 例如:afraid,asleep, awake,alone,alive, awake, ashamed,alike。 其他常见表语形容词:worth,ready, sorry,well (二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之 后,称为后置形容词。 1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为: (限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。如: There is a famous fine oldstone bridge near thevillage. 2)【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如: The boy interested inmusic ismybrother. Doyou have anythinginterest ing to tell us? 二、副词: (一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如: not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。不少副 词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如: Have you read this book before?(副词,作时间状语) He willarrive before ten o’clock.(介词,before ten o’clock是介词短语,作时间状语) (二)副词的种类 1、时间副词: 1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginningtorain now!现在开始下雨了! 2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes,never, ever, hardly 等 一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前: She often changes her mind. 3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:Hehas just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 2、地点副词: 1)表示地点的副词:Sheis studyingabroad. 她在国外留学。 2)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:It’sthesame everywhere. 到处都一样。 3、【重点】方式副词 1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifullyyourwifedances. 2)表示情绪的副词:She smiled gratefully. 3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He leftthetown secretly. 4、【重点】程度副词和强调副词 1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗? [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单quitecorrect 完全正确 it very quickly 干得很快 2: oodat singing. b.修饰比较级:Yousingmuch better than me. Their house ismuchnicer thanours. 5.【重点】疑问副词和连接副词 1)疑问副词: 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句: 2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用: how: Do you know howto startthis machine?你知道这台机器怎样启动吗? where: I don’t know wherehe lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句) 6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词: Let’s goinside.Taketwo steps forward.

中考英语语法考点复习 形容词、副词

透析中考英语语法形容词、副词考点 【形容词、副词命题趋势】 形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面: 1. 形容词的用法; 2. 副词的用法; 3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法; 4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。 【考点诠释】 一、考查形容词的作用与位置 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语,放在系动词后作表语,或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。 1.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 【考例】--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市] A. little B. many C. much [答案]C。[解析]本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有“小的”或“几乎没有”等意思。many与much都有“多”的意思,但many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词,故应选C。 2.形容词用作定语,修饰不定代词时,通常后置。 The idea of "sunshine sport" makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈尔滨市] A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant [答案]B。[解析]考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant 表“任何高兴的事”。A结构不对,C表否定。 3.表语形容词(well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定语,需要后置;有些表示身体健康状况的形容词,如well,faint,m只作表语;sick既可作表语又可作定语。 【考例】Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省] A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried [答案]B 。[解析]考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”,应选proud。 I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市] A. luckily B. happy C. sorry [答案]B。[解析]本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel“觉得”其后可接形容词作表语,A项为副词,故排除;B、C虽然都是形容词,但意义相反,根据后句推断选B。 Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[镇江] A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.alive;living D.alive;alive 答案:A解析:alive作表语或后置定语,指“有生命的,活的,还出着气的”;living指“健在的,现行的,现代的”,可作表语,也可作定语。句意为“金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活着”,故选A。 4.用作补足语。 【考例】Li Lei's words made her_________..[济南]

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