Review on the Development of Western and Eastern Garment Pattern Design Technique

Review on the Development of Western and Eastern Garment Pattern Design Technique

Due to different cultural and historical background，the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different．Along with the development of technology，garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy．Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes．This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique．The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future．

Keywords：garment pattern design，Western clothing，Eastern clothing，draping，drafting，adaptation

Introduction

Apparel pattern design is a“traditional art”and it is both s cience and art．Pattern design is a process of transforming the design of a garment to the pattern．In the past hundreds years，it depended on the experiences of a pattern maker much more on flat pattern designing or draping．Apparel design is usually divided into two categories--aesthetic and functional design．Aesthetic design is for appearance only．The purpose of an aesthetically designed garment is that it is visually pleasing．Functional design deals with a garment?s physical attributes in meeting specified criteria for particular applications．In order to meet aesthetic and functional requirements of a garment，pattern designer must consider aesthetics and anatomy．The Differences of culture and history led to the difference in philosophies of the Western and the Eastern pattern design technology There are different emphasis on shape and structure between the Western and Eastern pattern．Although these methods may overlap，distinct differences exist in the approach to generate the pattern．Western pattern design expresses body beauty，and creativity of fashion style．Draping is the main technique for aesthetic pattern design．Since 3一D visualization is the key to the world of garment style，they attempted to provide a process to garment designers to achieve visualization of design for any given body shape without any predefined pattern details．Hence，they have made great progress in computer—aided cloth simulation．

Eastern pattern design pays more attention to garment shape and fitting of the body．Flat pattern making method is the main technique for pattern design．Although Eastern researchers also have achieved a considerable success in three—dimensional computer system for automatic pattern making and simulation，they have been working unremittingly on actual drawing formula of divisional system for pattern design．They put more efforts in a simpler，quicker and more exact way of cutting flat patterns，by incorporating the draping concept into the flat method．

The Pattern Design Technique

The method of pattern design is commonly classified as

three-dimensional(3D)pattern design technique and

two-dimensional(2D)one．Three-dimensional(3D)pattern design technique is draping，which is a method that directly implements the pattern design upon the human body or mannequin．The two-dimensional(2D)pattern design is the technique without the use of the mannequin，which includes direct drafting and adaptation．Drafting refers to the pattern maker draws the pattern directly on the paper with a pattern construction method(also known as pattern construction procedure)while adaptation method is that the pattern maker draws the pattern with the help of a set of basic block．

1．Draping

Designers prefer draping because it provides the advantage of what-you-see is what·you·get．In the early twentieth century，Madeleine Vionnet created a half-scale wooden doll that could be used to design and drape bias garments．By working with draping，a designer gains greater inspiration and indication of the flow and performance of fabric．A designer can also easily see the proportion，fit，balance and style lines of a design，exactly as how it will look on the bodice．In today?s industry，draping is used in the couture section，where a single garment is required in an exclusive design and where the final garment has been considered to fit as accurately as possible on the consumers．

2．Direct drafting

Direct drafting is a popular method for the industrial pattern makers，who need the most efficient way to produce pattern for mass production．There are two direct drafting methods in use in the industry．One is known as direct measurement whereby measurements are taken from one point to another on the body itself by using a measuring tape．The measurements thus obtained are then applied to produce a flat，two-dimensional pattern．

The other method is known as proportionate measurement．Under this method, a working“scale”is arrived at whereby one can use it to compute the relative values of the depth and width factors in relation to the bust girth．The entire shape of the pattern is determined by a proportion from the measurement．

3．Adaptation

Adaptation is sometimes considered as the most academic technique for pattern making learning，since it emphasizes how many different styles can be generated from the basic block．Three alteration methods are used to generate the pattern，including slash method，seam method and pivot method．Alterations by slash method are made by cutting through the interior of the pattern in approximately the same area that the style requires an adjustment．The slashed pattern piece is then spread to increase a pattern area or overlapped to decrease an area．Alterations by seam method are made

by moving the seam lines from the point where a style variation begins to the point where it ends．Although the change is apparent only at the pattern edge，the adjustment is incorporated in the area where the style adjustment is necessary．Alterations by pivot method are made by obtaining a duplicate of the affected pattern area，then modifications，such as sliding or pivoting over the pattern or tracing，are used to incorporate the amount of adjustment.

History of Pattern Design

Culture is the base of fashion．A fashion style was affected by climate，custom，epoch ideology and art concepts．Diverse fashion style of each nation and region of the world evolved over time．The differences between the Western and Eastern fashion style led to the diversity of generation methods of a pattern．Western dress is based on the“inside toward out??philosophy．The focus is to fit to the human body and then to consider use of fabric to make the cloth．On contrary，the Eastern clothing is made following the“outside toward in”method．which is to consider structure of the cloth firstly and then the human body to be covered．

1．Western

From the early medieval time，tailoring craft has become known as a very skilled one．It w as recognized as a strictly…hand—made?craft，with skill and man—power as the basic elements of its technology．In those days，a garment was made by the draping method whereby fabric was wrapped around the body and attained its shape and size directly．Then the marking was transferred directly to the cloth．The earliest garment cutting technology was to draft directly on fabric and measure client by“notched measurement strip”．The tailor did not need to have a sense of anatomy or knowledge of mathematics but an intuitive feeling for the accuracy of his notched measurements and their relationships to his patterns．From the middle of the 18th century，as the development of ready-to-wear，the tailors began to use ideas of geometry and proportion．The inch tape measure was introduced in the first quarter of the 19th century．The usage of the tape measurement drew attention to the comparative relationship that exists between the various parts of the body．A new approach to the production of garments was introduced，whereby drafting systems were used，based on the application of geometrical rules and the principles to the anatomical proportions of the human figure．

As the development of male bespoke cutting，an amazing number of different drafting systems emerged in the years of 1800—1850．The dominant ones that have survived are：divisional systems，direct measurement systems and combination systems．The systems solely based on proportions of the breast dominated the tailors?publications during the early part of the 19th century，but many cutters regarded these things as illogical and conceived that height was also a factor．They also realized its limitations in the cutting of women?s garments．Most women?s garments were constructed from the drafts by direct measurement or combination system．

During the latter half of the 19th century，ladies? tailoring expanded．Whilst

most tailors created different drafts for each style and made only minor modifications to the block pattern，the American tailor Charles Hecklinger identified the possibilities of creating a large variety of styles from a basic pattern．This was a technique that was widely adopted by the ready—to-wear trade．

It is clear that garments were more related to the form of the body as cutters strove to create…anatomical? drafting systems in the West．This was the breakthrough into the more sophisticated tailoring profession that is known to us today as the clothing industry．

2．Eastern

Based on the Eastern culture，the cloth was mainly used to cover up the body figure and ignore the main characteristics of body，such as Japanese Kimono, Chinese Long gown，Korean Hanbok and Indian Sari．People paid most attention to the overall silhouette but not the body character of fashion style．It is clear that cutting systems used by tailors were simple point-to- point instructions that enabled them to cut a flat garment silhouette．Therefore, the historical Eastern method of pattern design is direct drafting．

The Eastern culture has kept its traditional customs for generations．Along with the development of trading between the West and East，Western clothing came into Japan first, then it began to spread to China and other Eastern countries in the 19th century．Whilst dramatic acculturation changes，both political and cultural，occurred in the East，Western clothing was popularized after the Second World War．During the acculturation period，a rapid expansion of educational opportunities，along with increasing contact with Western cultures，brought gradual changes in thinking，feeling，and behavior of the Eastern people．The most visible and rapid change was Eastern women?s adoption of Western-style dress．The tremendous creativity was unleashed by women?s emancipation and the merging of Eastern styles with Western fashionable clothing was only a beginning．When Western-style dress was widely introduced into the East，especially China，Japan and Korea，the East traditional costume gradually disappeared in urban areas among the young people，men，and professional women．Western countries，especially the United States of America，have become an ever-increasing influence on how Eastern women dress．The style of Eastern fashion advanced to the fitting．

Traditionally，the garment silhouette in the East is the straight line．After the introduction of the Western clothing，the garment silhouette in the East has been fostered．Such adoption reflects the acceptance of the new culture and technology of the West by the East．By the start of the 20th century，the education of Western clothing production technology was started in the East．In 1928，the first basic block of Western clothing was established in BUNKA Fashion College in Japan．Adaptation technique was applied to pattern design．As well as draping method was introduced into the East．Hence，three—dimensional shell of the garment began to form．Subsequently，plenty of fashion design students with Japanese leading the East began to study aboard in Europe and brought back European fashion concepts and technology．

The most important contribution to knowledge for pattern design came from the learning of anthropometry from the West by the middle of the 20th century in Japan．It was recognized that human body is the basis for producing Western—style，so draping was popular gradually in garment industry．At the same time the Eastern pattern makers continued to improve the flat pattern making method．The BUNKA Basic Block did not only get improved further，reflecting the new development of tailoring technology，but also integrated the 3D concept of pattern design into the flat method which Eastern pattern makers have practiced to use and formed the adaptation of that Japanese took the lead．Upon the support of these new technologies，Tokyo became the fashion center of the East rapidly，and ascended in world fashion stages．In conclusion，in the Western pattern design history，the 3D method came out first and then was flat method．But in Eastern pattern design history，the sequence is just opposite．

Pattern Design Processes

The aim of all pattern construction methods is to produce as perfect a garment as possible to a basic standard of fitting quality．Apparel production is usually divided into two categories，made-to-measure and ready-to-wear．In the case of the made-to-measure trade，a ratio of one customer to one garment is the practice，and a good fit of a garment should be provided．In the case of the ready-to-wear trade，the aim is to produce a garment that will be of a fair to good fit，on a large number of people of a similar size．Thus，made-to-measure should satisfy individuals?de mand and body shape．However，regard to ready-to-wear，the garment pattern must meet unspecified customer groups，instead of individuals．Hence，any garment products in ready-to-wear must have clear target customer and design the pattern according to the body form character and manner of style of the target customers．

A century ago，most garments were made by bespoke tailoring．A rapid decline began as ready-to-wear garments improved in quality．The ready-to-wear clothing industry developed firstly in the United Kingdom，especially in southern England in the 18th century．French，Germany，America and etc．developed their mass production after that．They equipped the industry with technical means，the scientific and rational production and management technology，in order to improve the product quality and productivity，so as to reduce the production cost．It became possible to provide affordable clothing for majority of the population．The bespoke tailoring methods were still used in creation of some high fashion．

Before World WarⅡ，most clothes purchased in the East were in the traditional style and usually were handmade．The Japanese clothing industry developed very quickly after the war ．As a later comer．Japanese clothing enterprises tried their best to catch up．Now，they always occupy the important position in fashion industry both in high fashion and mass production．

In common practice，the patterns for a newly designed garment are created by all experienced pattern technologist，made into a garment and worn by a standard model．This garment may be required to go through various alteration cycles until the fitting is deemed good．A range of sizes is then derived from these sample

patterns．The entire process from a concept garment to an approved set of patterns can take up to 12 weeks．

1．Producing the Block Pattern

In the course of every season，several outlines or silhouettes are accepted as fashionable．These silhouettes are derived from the Basic Block so that the fitting and lines are consistent．It is a common practice to cut a pattern omitting any style details and consisting of back，front and sleeves for each fashionable silhouette．This pattern，which is so constructed that when it is cut out in linen or calico and pieces joined together into a shell，is formed to fit the target figure，is known as a Block Pattern．The basic shape of each fashion period can change suddenly or evolve slowly；the Block Pattern is the basic shape that should include information related to the fashionable trend and brand style．There are two methods for generating the Block Pattern，namely direct drafting and draping：(1)the direct drafting method：the Block Pattern is drawn according to the body shape of the target customer using a set of predefined pattern construction rules；(2)the draping method：the Block Pattern is directly extracted from mannequin using muslin or calico．The mannequin should match the proportion，size，and fits the target customers．

The basic shape modeled by drafting or draping will be discussed，adjusted，modified and finalized．The Block Pattern is the basic pattern that is used as basis for all adaptation；it has the image of fashionable trend and brand style．To some extent，the Block Pattern determines the success or failure of pattern design．Normally，producing the Block Pattern is a time—consuming work，such as one month，and no completely accurate method exists for drafting good fitted Block．So draping is the best method for generating Block．

2．Generating the Style Pattern

The designer uses the Block Pattern as a basis for making the Style Pattern for a design by pattern alteration．The basic block is further manipulated to achieve the required styling．It may not only save plenty of time by using the adaptation method but also keep the silhouette consistent．It may introduce style lines，tucks，gathers，pleats for drapes but still the basic fit of the pattern will conform to the block used．

A set of patterns is not useful unless it can produce the required fitting．The finished pattern must be made up into a calico toile to check the fitting．Defined by Natalie Bray，the aim of fitting should be：(1)to check the size of the garment；(2)to adjust the fit to the shape of the figure；(3)to check the lines of the style so as to conform to the original design．

Complicated styles may need a number of trials at this stage．Traditionally，the fitting of a garment is generally evaluated subjectively from the feedback of the wearer or the observation of the tailor．Based on visual inspection，drapes and tensioned wrinkles are the indicators of excessive and insufficient fabric respectively；alteration can be performed to improve the proportion and the shape to achieve the optimal styling．

3．Developing the Final Pattern

The next step is to modify the style pattern according to the mechanical properties of the fabric．Seam allowance is now ready to be added to the pattern．Finally，based on the shrinkage of the fabric，the pattern may be scaled to the correct dimension．

The design is then cut out in fabric and being made up．This is the mock-up sample．If buyers place their orders，the pattern is then graded into the sizes required for the final pattern．The final patterns within a sizing system are developed from a single base pattern．The pattern from this base size is graded up and down to create the other sizes in the range．Grading is accomplished by transforming the critical points(grading points)on the pattern perimeter to new positions for increasing or decreasing the pattern to the desired size．The movement of each point can be captured with two numbers from an x，Y coordinate system．These numbers are the grade rules，which can be recorded and used to grade any pattern of a similar shape．Finally it must be clearly marked with all the information required for making up the garment．So，the pattern design process is a combination of the 3D method and the 2D method．

Conclusion

This article has illustrated both the development of Western and Eastern pattern design techniques．Western dress is based on the“inside toward out”method w hile Eastern clothing is made fo llowing the“outside toward in” method．It is clear that garments were more related to the form of the body as cutters strove to create“anatomical” drafting systems in the West．This was the breakthrough into the more sophisticated tailoring profession that is known to us today as the clothing industry．In ancient Eastern，the cloth was mainly used to cover up the body figure and ignore the main characteristics of body．Ne character of garment silhouettes is flat．People paid most attention to the silhouette but not the body character of fashion style．It is clear that cutting systems used by tailors were simple point-to-point instructions that enabled them to cut a flat garment silhouette．Along with the development of trading between the West and East，Western culture came into East，and then it began to affect the Eastern clothing in the 19th century．The style of Eastern fashion advanced to the fitting．In ready．to-wear clothing industry，the garment pattern design process is valid for both West and East，which includes producing the block pattern，generating the style pattern，and developing the final pattern．

It can be observed that the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different．Along with the development of culture and technology，garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effective and accurate in both West and East，namely a combination of the 3D method and the 2D method．

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英语造句

一般过去式 时间状语：yesterday just now (刚刚) the day before three days ag0 a week ago in 1880 last month last year 1. I was in the classroom yesterday. I was not in the classroom yesterday. Were you in the classroom yesterday. 2. They went to see the film the day before. Did they go to see the film the day before. They did go to see the film the day before. 3. The man beat his wife yesterday. The man didn’t beat his wife yesterday. 4. I was a high student three years ago. 5. She became a teacher in 2009. 6. They began to study english a week ago 7. My mother brought a book from Canada last year. 8.My parents build a house to me four years ago . 9.He was husband ago. She was a cooker last mouth. My father was in the Xinjiang half a year ago. 10.My grandfather was a famer six years ago. 11.He burned in 1991

学生造句--Unit 1

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英语句子结构和造句

高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：

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六级单词解析造句记忆MNO

M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.

base on的例句

意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.

英语造句大全

英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.

(完整版)主谓造句

主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。

初中英语造句

【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early

The Kite Runner-美句摘抄及造句

《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high

翻译加造句

一、翻译 1. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me., but not without appeal. 让我自己挑选自己最喜欢的书籍这个有意思的想法真的对我具有吸引力。 2.I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by the one decent man, and evil. 我陷入到大屠杀悲剧的痛苦之中，一个体面的人所代表的善与恶的猛烈冲击之中。 3.I was astonished by the the great power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words. 我被这部小说所包含的巨大能量感到震惊。我无法用语言来表达我的感情（心情）。 4，make sth. long to short长话短说 5.I learned that summer that reading was not the innocent(简单的) pastime(消遣) I have assumed it to be., not a breezy, instantly forgettable escape in the hammock(吊床)，( though I’ ve enjoyed many of those too ). I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 那年夏天，我懂得了读书不是我认为的简单的娱乐消遣，也不只是躺在吊床上，一阵风吹过就忘记的消遣。我发现如果在适宜的时间、合适的季节读一本书的话，他将能改变一个人以后的人生道路。 二、词组造句 1. on purpose 特意，故意 This is especially true here, and it was ~. (这一点在这里尤其准确，并且他是故意的) 2.think up 虚构，编造，想出 She has thought up a good idea. 她想出了一个好的主意。 His story was thought up. 他的故事是编出来的。 3. in the meantime 与此同时 助记：in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地... In the meantime, what can you do? 在这期间您能做什么呢？ In the meantime, we may not know how it works, but we know that it works. 在此期间，我们不知道它是如何工作的，但我们知道，它的确在发挥作用。 4.as though 好像，仿佛 It sounds as though you enjoyed Great wall. 这听起来好像你喜欢长城。 5. plunge into 使陷入 He plunged the room into darkness by switching off the light. 他把灯一关，房

改写句子练习2标准答案

The effective sentences:(improve the sentences!) 1.She hopes to spend this holiday either in Shanghai or in Suzhou. 2.Showing/to show sincerity and to keep/keeping promises are the basic requirements of a real friend. 3.I want to know the space of this house and when it was built. I want to know how big this house is and when it was built. I want to know the space of this house and the building time of the house. 4.In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and taught English. In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and an English teacher. 5.They are sweeping the floor wearing masks. They are sweeping the floor by wearing masks. wearing masks,They are sweeping the floor. 6.the drivers are told to drive carefully on the radio. the drivers are told on the radio to drive carefully 7.I almost spent two hours on this exercises. I spent almost two hours on this exercises. 8.Checking carefully,a serious mistake was found in the design. Checking carefully,I found a serious mistake in the design.

用以下短语造句

M1 U1 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： add up (to) be concerned about go through set down a series of on purpose in order to according to get along with fall in love (with) join in have got to hide away face to face 1 We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________. 2 It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him. 3 The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation. 4 ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 5 I think the window was broken ___________ by someone. 6 You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful. 7 They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other. 8 You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library. 9 I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well. 10 They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found. 11 Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage? 12 It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now. 13 More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week. 14 All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.go through 2. no longer/ not… any longer 3. on purpose 4. calm… down 5. happen to 6. set down 7. wonder if 三. 翻译： 1.曾经有段时间，我对学习丧失了兴趣。（there was a time when…） 2. 这是我第一次和她交流。（It is/was the first time that …注意时态） 3.他昨天公园里遇到的是他的一个老朋友。（强调句） 4. 他是在知道真相之后才意识到错怪女儿了。（强调句） M 1 U 2 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： play a …role (in) because of come up such as even if play a …part (in) 1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today. 2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting. 3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English. 4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important. 5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinion s. 6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.make (good/full) use of 2. play a(n) important role in 3. even if 4. believe it or not 5. such as 6. because of

英语造句

English sentence 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能 句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的 句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character.（2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n. 句子：He is in America. 10、appear 出现v. He appears in this place. 11. artist 艺术家n. He is an artist. 12. attract 吸引 He attracts the dog. 13. Australia 澳大利亚 He is in Australia. 14.base 基地 She is in the base now. 15.basket 篮子 His basket is nice. 16.beautiful 美丽的 She is very beautiful. 17.begin 开始 He begins writing. 18.black 黑色的 He is black. 19.bright 明亮的 His eyes are bright. 20.good 好的 He is good at basketball. 21.British 英国人 He is British. 22.building 建造物 The building is highest in this city 23.busy 忙的 He is busy now. 24.calculate 计算 He calculates this test well. 25.Canada 加拿大 He borns in Canada. 26.care 照顾 He cared she yesterday. 27.certain 无疑的 They are certain to succeed. 28.change 改变 He changes the system. 29.chemical 化学药品