完形填空、阅读理解

完形填空

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future 3 and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1.A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated

2.A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite

3.A. attainments B. feasibility C. entertainments D. evolution

4.A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible

5.A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince

6.A. for B. from C. of D. with

7.A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children

8.A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion

9.A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike

10.A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological

11.A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation

12.A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In other words

13.A. various B. different C. the higher D. the lower

14.A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved

15.A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions

16.A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When

17.A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated

18.A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction

19.A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative

20.A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all

阅读理解

Unit 3

Although the United States cherishes the tradition that it is a nation of small towns and wide open spaces, only one in every eight Americans now lives on a farm. The recent population trend has been a double one, toward both urbanization and suburbanization. Metropolitan areas have grown explosively in the past decade, and nearly half this increase has been in the suburbs. With the rapid growth of cities has come equally rapid decentralization. The flight of Americans from the central city to the suburbs constitutes one of the greatest migrations of modern times; quiet residential sections outside cities have become collections of streets, split-level houses, and shopping centers.

This sudden increase of suburban expansion, however, does not alter the basic fact that the United States has become one of the most urban nations on

the face of the earth. Census Bureau's( 人口调查局) figures show that the rural population has been shrinking steadily since 1880. When the United States became a nation it had no large cities at all; today some fifty cities have populations of more than 258 000. Large buildings of cities are developing in the area of

the East Coast and the east north-central states, on the Pacific and Gulf coasts, and near the shores of the Great Lakes. Some sociologists now regard the entire 600-mile stretch between Boston and Washington D. C. --an area holding a fifth

of the country' s population--as one vast city or, as they call it, megalopolis.

1. A traditional American belief is that____.

[ A ] few people live on farms

[ B ] the nation consists mainly of small towns and wide open spaces

[ C ] the population is the greatest in the world

[ D ] the United States is a nation of big cities

2. The selection says that trends are toward the____.

[ A ] growth of cities and shrinking of suburban areas

[ B ] growth of both rural and suburban areas

[ C ] shrinking of urban and suburban areas

[ D ] growth of urban and suburban areas

3. Decentralization is best defined as a____.

[ A ] movement from the central city to rural areas

[ B ] movement from the central city to the suburbs

[ C ] disorderly expansion of the central city

[ D ] shrinking of metropolitan areas

4. As the suburbs have expanded, metropolitan areas have____.

[ A ] increased in size

[ B ] undergone no change

[ C ] been shrinking steadily

[ D ] become indistinguishable from the suburbs

5. One aspect of the recent population trend is the____.

[ A ] development of buildings of cities

[ B ] increasingly great distance between cities

[ C ] transformation of cities into suburbs

[ D ] growth of many small towns

Unit 6

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's back- ground, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to influence people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.

People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the

lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conserva- tively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play

these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you waited for a

stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.

In the workplace, men have long had clear precedents (先例) and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the suitable mixture of" masculine" and"feminine" characteristics they should express by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing choices to women has also been greater than that

available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make- up, and plain tailored clothing.

1. According to the passage, the way we dress____.

A. provides clues for people who are critical of us

B. has a direct influence on the way people regard us

C. indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career

D. is quite important when we get on in age

2. From the third paragraph, we can conclude that young adults tend to

believe that certain types of clothing can____.

A. change people's conservative attitudes towards their lifestyle

B. help young people make friends with the opposite sex

C. help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

D. make them competitive in the job market

3. When the newscasters are dressed conservatively, people thinks they have the following features except____.

A. being trustworthy

B. being honest

C. being capable

D. being too conservative

4. The word “precedent” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to____.

A. men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided

B. particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance

C. things that men should agree upon

D. early acts for men to follow as examples

5. According to passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situation because____.

A. the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose

B. women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models

C. men are more favorably judged for, managerial positions

D. they are not sure to what extents they should display their feminine qualities through clothing

Unit 18

When you choose a freezer, remember it’s probably going to be with you for

a long time . So it’s important to know which freezer is right for you needs.

First, decide if you want an upright or chest model. Uprights are more convenient. Their storage space is more accessible （可进入的） and they take up less floor area . However, chest models are more energy-efficient because less cold air escapes when they are open .

If you’re buying an upright , you’ll have to choose between frostless （无霜）or manual , defrost （解冻）. Chest freezers are always manual . Frostless freezers automatically defrost at present intervals and remove the water . Manual models must be defrosted by hand every few months or whenever frost pile up to about a quarter of an inch.

To help your freezer reach a ripe ol d age , try to find a spot that’s cool , dry , and away from drafts （精棉）. Drafts and heat will raise the freezer’s cabinet temperature , which makes it work harder to keep cool . That means

wasted energy and a shortened life .

Dry air is important because high humidity （湿气） can cause the freezer to rust outside and frost up inside . With proper care , a freezer can serve you

for 15 years or more . Regular cleaning and simple maintenance （保养） will

help it maintain a zero-degree temperature and keep it smelling fresh and

looking almost new .

Frostless models require less care than manual defrost freezers. The inside

of a frostless unit should be washed periodically with warm water and baking

soda or a mild soap , rinse , and dried .

Good habits go a long way toward a freezer that runs efficiently. To get the most from your freezer, check regularly to make sure it’s providing a true

zero-degree temperature .

Keep the freezer at least three-quarters full. The emptier it gets , the

more energy is wasted. If more than three pounds of food per cubic foot of storage space is added every 24 hours, the resulting high or low temperature can damage the food .

1. The author thinks that uprights are more convenient, because____.

A. they always keep the suitable temperature

B. they save electricity

C. they occupy less floor area

D. they defrost automatically

2. Where should we put a freezer according to the passage.

A. In an unheated garage.

B. Near a wall.

C. Away from heat, drafts and humidity.

D. By the door.

3. For the best results, you should____.

A. clean the freezer regularly

B. keep the freezer at least 70% full

C. locate your freezer as close as possible to a sink

D. increase three pounds of food every 24 hours

4. Which statement summarizes the passage.

A. The passage discusses the characteristics of freezer.

B. The passage tells us how to protect a freezer.

C. The passage explains how to defrost a manual-defrost freezer.

D. The passage gives advice about choosing and caring for a freezer

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