外研版九年级英语上语法专练

外研版九年级英语上语法专练

Module 1 复习六大时态

Ⅰ.单项选择

1. ─What did you do last night?

─I ______TV and read books.

A. watch

B. watched

C. have watched

D. watches

2. ─Look at these stamps. I ______ them for five years.

─Wow, they are wonderful.

A. kept

B. have kept

C. have bought

D. bought

3. Sally took a photo of her friends while they ______ computer games.

A. play

B. are playing

C. have played

D. were playing

4. Just a minute! My brother ______ his car in the garden.

A. washes

B. is washing

C. washed

D. will wash

5. If farmers ______ trees and forests, giant pandas ______ nowhere to live.

A. cut down ; have

B. will cut down ; will have

C. will cut down ; have

D. cut down ; will have

Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

6. When I got home yesterday afternoon, it ______ (rain) hard.

7. Would you mind turning down the music, I ______ (write) a report now.

8. ─Shall I tell Tom the good news?

─No, you needn’t. I ______ (tell) him already.

9. You ______ (get) there in five minutes.

10. I know a little about Thailand, as I ______ (go) there three years ago.

Modules 2-6 状语从句

单项选择

1. ______ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

A. As

B. As soon as

C. While

D. Till

2. He was about to go to bed ______ the doorbell rang.

A. while

B. as

C. before

D. when

3. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______.

A. will arrive

B. arrives

C. is going to arrive

D. is arriving

4. Kate knew nothing about it ______ I told her.

A. because

B. after

C. until

D. as soon as

5. I’ll give her your message ______ she comes back.

A. until

B. as soon as

C. while

D. before

6. Please speak loudly ______ all of us can hear you.

A. so that

B. if

C. when

D. although

7. ______ he exercises every day, ______ he is very healthy.

A. Because ; so

B. Because; though

C. Because ; /

D. Though ; /

8. ______ you have no time, I have to ask someone else to play football.

A. So

B. Such

C. So that

D. Since

9. Lily went to see the doctor yesterday ______ she was ill.

A. because

B. but

C. until

D. if

10. It was snowing hard ______ we had to stay at home and watch TV.

A. that

B. so

C. but

D. because

11. He dressed ______ quickly ______ he put his shoes on the wrong feet.

A. so ; as

B. such ; that

C. so ; that

D. too ; to

12. ______ she is very old, ______ she can still work eight hours a day.

A. Because ; so

B. Though ; but

C. As ; yet

D. Though ; yet

13. I got there ______ late ______ I didn’t see him.

A. too ; to

B. such ; that

C. so ; that

D. so ; as

14. ______ he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

A. Although

B. Because

C. If

D. Since

15. Tom walked ______ fast for us ______ keep up with him.

A. too ; that

B. too ; to

C. so ; that

D. so ; to

16. If you have trouble learning English, ______ the teacher for help.

A. ask

B. to ask

C. asking

D. asked

17. If he ______ back, tell him the news.

A. come

B. will come

C. comes

D. came

18. ─May I take some pictures here?

─Sorry, you mustn’t. Please look at the sign. It says “______”.

A. NO PHOTOS

B. NO ENTRY

C. NO TALKING

D. DANGER

19. If you attend a meeting, ______ be late.

A. to try

B. try to not

C. try not to

D. to try not

20. School students ______ smoke because it is against the school rules.

A. needn’t

B. couldn’t

C. won’t

D. mustn’t

[最新]初中英语语法专项练习题含参考答案

初中英语语法专项习题1-名词82页附参考答案1. ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

人教版新目标八年级上册-英语语法知识及练习

人教版新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习 （一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

八年级下英语语法专项练习题

八下英语语法集锦练习题 1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going 2. I ____ her the answer if she ____me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks 3. – What are you going to do tomorrow? --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___. A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain 4.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? --Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 5. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came 6.May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to 7. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't 8. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___? A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she 9. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there? A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is 10. He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he 11. He can’t be her father, _____ he? A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t 12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____? A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they II. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.”he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 3. “You must come here before five.”he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” 5.The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. III. 时态练习题。 1. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday. A. go…go B. am going… go C. go…am going D. am going…am going 2. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ? A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't 3. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes, they ______. A. Did they have... did B. Did they have... had C. Had they... had D. Had they (i) 4. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV. A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched C. repaired… watch ed D. was repairing… wasn't watching 5. I _______ fifteen years next year. A. am B. have been C. will be D. was 6. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had 7. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ? A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen

整理初中英语语法综合练习题有答案

初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing

8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it

八年级英语语法归纳整理

八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a810884249.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

八年级英语下册语法专练

Ⅰ. 将下面的句子改写为同义句，每空一词。 1. How is the weather in Beijing in spring? ________ the weather ________ in Beijing in spring? 2. The bottle is filled with orange juice. The bottle ________ ________ ________ orange juice. 3. To learn English will be easy if you study hard. ________ will ________ ________ to learn English if you study hard. 4. Danny is very strong. He can carry the heavy box easily. Danny is ________ ________ to carry the heavy box easily. 5. Why don’t you join us in the game? ________ ________ join us in the game? 6. Plants can’t live if there is no sunshine. Plants can’t live ________ ________. 7. Peter is not tall enough to reach the top of the bookshop. Peter is ________ ________ to reach the top of the bookshop. 8. Paul played on the computer after he finished his homework. Paul ________ ________ on the computer ________ he finished his homework. 9. What delicious cakes! ________ delicious the cakes ________! 10. Danny borrowed a book from his teacher yesterday. His teacher ________ a book ________ Danny yesterday. Ⅱ. 对划线部分提问，每空一词。 1. I was doing my homework when my mother came back home. ________ ________ you ________ when your mother came back home? 2. The school bus will come in ten minutes. ________ ________ will the school bus come? 3. I arrived late for class because the traffic was too busy. _______ _______ you _______ late for class? 4. My father is going to Hong Kong for a trip next week. ________ ________ your father going to Hong Kong for a trip? 5. It’s ten degrees outside. ________ ________ ________ outside? 6. People make Easter eggs to celebrate Easter. _______ do people make Easter eggs _______? 7. We have English lessons three times a week. _________ _________ do you have English lessons? 8. I like Zhou Xingchi’s film a lot. ________ do you ________ ________ Zhou Xingchi’s film? 9. Next Friday we’ll have our first field trip. ________ ________ you do next Friday? 10. It’s June 26 today. ________ the ________ today? Ⅲ. 按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. The rich man has few friends. (改为反意疑问句)

八年级英语语法专项练习 (人教版英语八年级)

八年级英语语法专项练习(人教版英语八年级)( ) 1. _____ does a car cost in China? It costs about 250,000 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How old ( ) 2. Pass me the glasses, Tony, I can_____ watch TV. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly ( ) 3. Tom is ______ careful, hardly makes mistakes. A. usually B. never C. always D. sometimes ( ) 4. This is the key _____ the door, don“t lost it! A. to B. of C. with D. about ( ) 5. _____ they are brot hers, they don“t look like each other. A. Because B. though C. When D. As A. by a bus B. on foot C. by foot D. on bus ( ) 7. It“s ______ weather _____ a walk. A. /…in B. a…for C. a…of D. /…for ( ) 8. He can“t see ______ sun, as he is blind. A. a B. an C. the D. / A. some times B. sometimes C. some time D. sometime ( ) 10. Look, there are some apples ______ the trees. A. on B. in C. of D. at ( ) 11. The little child knows _____ English, but he can say _____ some words.A. many…some B. much…a few C. a little…few D. little…a few

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

八年级英语语法形容词比较级专项练习

一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long _________ ______wide _______ _______ thin _________ _______ heavy ________ ______ slow _______ _______few___________ _______ short ________ ______ badly ______ _______far __________ _______ quickly ______ ______happy ______ _______careful ______ _______ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class. 2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five. 3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him. 4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones. 6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive)than iron(铁). 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Jack sings _____ (well), he sings ______(well) than Tom, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever). 10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child. 三、选择填空： 1.It is _____ today than yesterday. A. hot B. more hot C. hotter D. much hot 2. This line is ____ than that one. A. not longer B. more longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. Of the five toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive one 4. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best 5. They bet to see who could run _____ in the sports meeting. A. the fastest B. the faster C. fastest D. faster 6. This book is ____ of all.

八年级英语语法专项练习

八年级英语语法专项练习(人教版英语八年级) ( ) 1. _____ does a car cost in China It costs about 250,000 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How old ( ) 2. Pass me the glasses, Tony, I can_____ watch TV. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly ( ) 3. Tom is ______ careful, hardly makes mistakes. A. usually B. never C. always D. sometimes ( ) 4. This is the key _____ the door, don't lost it! A. to B. of C. with D. about ( ) 5. _____ they are brothers, they don't look like each other. A. Because B. though C. When D. As ( ) 6. I usually come to school _____. A. by a bus B. on foot C. by foot D. on bus ( ) 7. It's ______ weather _____ a walk. A. /…in B. a…for C. a…of D. /…for ( ) 8. He can't see ______ sun, as he is blind. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 9. He ________ come by bus. A. some times B. sometimes C. some time D. sometime ( ) 10. Look, there are some apples ______ the trees. A. on B. in C. of D. at ( ) 11. The little child knows _____ English, but he can say _____ some words. A. many…some B. much…a few C. a little…few D. little…a few ( ) 12. Here's a letter from _____ to _____. A. she...he, B. hers...him C. him...her D. her (i) ( ) 13. Ask Tom, he ______ know the answers. A. may B. can C. maybe D. may be ( ) 14. He can't ride the bike to school, I can't ______.

人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练

人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练 语法专项I I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。 1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词，它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词。 A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street. C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum. 2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标，它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。 A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student，teacher，car. B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family，police，people. C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music，love D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water，tea，air 二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an，可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。 1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg：a book，a tree，a shark an octopus，an apple，an egg 2. 复数可数名词：在英语中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses b. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes，watches c. 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives d. 以o结尾的词，词尾加-es或-s。 zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men，tooth—teeth，child—children，sheep—sheep C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers，pants，glasses