化工专业英语论文

Lubricating oil clay refining process

Clay refining as the effective method of improving oil color, anti-emulsification degree, anti-oxidation stability and insulation performances,is widely used in the process of lubricating oil, wax and waste lubricating oil regeneration. Although the lube oil hydro-treating process has many advantages, and has been partially replaced the clay refining, the latter is still necessary for some special lubricating oil processing, and occupy a certain position in the new lubricating oil factory.

Lubricating oil clay refining unit is using activated clay has good selective adsorption, fully mixed with oil in high temperature, the adsorption of colloid and asphaltene in oil is not ideal component, thereby improving the oil color, carbon residue, anti-oxidation stability, corrosion resistance, anti-emulsification degree, improve their performances. Lubricating oil carclazyte purification device is the key device to improve the quality of lubricating oil production process. This paper mainly introduces the process and characteristics of Chinese oil Karamay Petrochemical Company lube oil clay refining unit.

Technological process:

Clay refining process is a powdery clay mixing the feedstock to form a suspension, which heated to a certain temperature by a heating furnace, then into the evaporator to maintain a certain time to reach adsorption equilibrium after filtration to remove the spent bleaching earth, finally refined oil has been got. The process mainly includes 3 main processes, which are the raw material oil and clay mixing, heating refining and filtration separation.

Processes raw oil into the oil from the clay refining feedstock tank, the material pumped into the mixing tank,white clay soil from the tank through the clay feeder system add into a mixing tank and mix with oil proportionally. The mixture of clay and oil in the mixing tank are pumped into the furnace ,after heated to the required temperature, into the evaporation stripper.

Oil and clay to maintain a certain contact time in the tower , the vacuum system generates negative pressure,evaporating the water and light components in the mixture of clay and oil, then the light fraction and water through the steam out of top cooler cooling to 45 ℃, flow to the vacuum liquid separation tank for oil-water

separation.The non-condensable gas in vacuum liquid separation tank top is extracted by vacuum pump, to maintain the system vacuum.Vacuum liquid separation tank below the oil and water into the oil-water separation tank, oil and water separation by density difference of oil and water, dehydrated oil flows into the dirty oil tank regularly output from the device.

After the stripping, tower bottom oil pumped out, through a heat exchanger and exchange heat with the feedstock, after cooler,and then to conduct a primary plate filter to filter out most of the clay in slurry oil.Once oil slurry filtered into the transition tanks, pumping by the pump to the secondary filter to filter out the remaining clay or other impurities in the oil into semi-finished product tank, and then pumped out ,finally, after a cooler cooling to 60 ~70 ℃output from the device.

Technological characteristics:

The first:Clay uesing negative pressure suction mode,which uses a vacuum pump to generate a negative pressure, the clay from the warehouse direct inhalation hopper to avoid positive operating result in dust flying, working to improve the feeding environment.

The second:In order to ensure that qualified mechanical impurities content of products, filtration system uses a two-stage filtration. Primary filter using frame filter, this filter filtered through filter cloth , most of the clay in the primary filter be filtered out, but not able to make the clay content in the oil dropped to the specified index , in order to ensure oil quality, also need to use filter paper as a filter medium for further filtration,that is two level filter.

The third:Clay feed metering system adopts sensors weighing feeder,using PLC programmable controller automatically control, weighing system used precision pneumatic weighing technology, making feeder accurate measurement, and easy to operate.

Anyhow, lubricating oil clay refining technology still has some advantages, there are still widely using in some special processing, as long as the further improvements, its usefulness will be greatly increased.

无机非金属材料英语论文翻译

Henan University of Urban Construction 《无机材料专业英语》 课程设计 专业：无机非金属工程 班级：0134091 学号：013409128 姓名: 王峰 指导老师：徐开东 成绩： 土木与材料工程系 2012年05月

有关碱土氧化物对相的形成和莫来石 陶瓷的形态发展的研究 摘要：将对莫来石（3Al2O3·2SiO2）相的形成和陶瓷形态发展有影响的包括氧化镁，氧化钙，氧化锶，氧化钡在内的碱土氧化物和活性炭组成的混合物，经高能球磨后，进行研究。不同的碱土氧化物表现出对莫来石化行为和形态/莫来石陶瓷的微观结构发展有不同影响。莫来石化的温度随着氧化镁和氧化钡的比例的增大而升高。莫来石晶须的形成和发展与氧化镁的掺量有关，而与氧化锶、氧化钡和氧化钙的的掺量有关的正常形状的颗粒相比更好一点。这两种莫来石的形成温度和形态发展都是根据碱土氧化物的种类来定的，并对莫来石化机制和溶解沉淀方面进行了解释。 关键词：莫来石 .碱土氧化物各向异性晶粒的生长莫来石化 1 前言 许多先进的技术和莫来石（3Al2O3.2SiO2）的热学性能使它成为一种很有前途的工程材料，莫来石粉体材料通常是通过氧化物之间的固态反应制得的。由于在莫来石晶格内SI4+和Al3 +上网相互扩散率比较低，莫来石化动力学性能又是由其混合物的早期强烈的反应引起的。因此，能与Al2O3和SiO2（石英）发生固态反应的莫来石相形成温度可以高达1600摄氏度 。不同的种类可以降低莫来石相形成温度。例如，使用α-氧化铝与二氧化硅形成的无定形颗粒溶胶，可以使莫来石的形成温度降到1400-1500摄氏度。如果使用纳米级γ-Al2O3颗粒，莫来石化的温度可进一步降低1300摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程是降低莫来石形成温度的另一种方式。在此过程中，前期是在原子水平上的混合，使莫来石的形成可以大大增强。莫来石化的温度通常是900-1200摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程的缺点，也就是涂料的方法，包括复杂的实验过程，昂贵的化学用品的和较低的生产量。这些缺点的改变将是促进莫来石陶瓷替代普通工艺的有效途径。 高能球磨的目的是使金属氧化复合材料分散均匀，随后进行机械合金化，这种机械现已被应用到陶瓷材料的制备中，有些化合物可以直接通过高能球磨合成。例如，锆钛酸铅在一定时间内可以由氧化钛、氧化铅、氧化锆经高能球磨机研磨制的，快慢取决于研磨介质和铣削参数。而其他材料，如钛酸钡和镁铝尖晶石在用高能球磨机研磨之前需要进行低温处理，对这些材料进行前期研磨可以增强相的形成能力，并且在球磨或在冷却处理过程中都会有直接的反应。 我们本来打算采用高能球磨机来实现莫来石陶瓷的低温制造，然而，通过高能量球磨机得不到致密的莫来石陶瓷，反而得到了莫来石晶须。另外我们还发现，加入其他氧化物可以改变莫来石化行为和莫来石的尺寸，许多种氧化物我们都已经研究过了，而在最近的研究中，我们主要是通过高能球磨机来研究碱土氧化物对莫来石化行为和形态/微观发展氧化铝石英混合物的影响。这是很有意义的，最终发现莫来石晶须只在有氧化镁的情况下生成，而在氧化钙，氧化锆和氧化钡存在的情况下可以得到各向异性不明显的致密莫来石陶瓷。这些观点可以通过溶解- 沉淀机制来解释。 2 实验 市售二氧化硅（石英，99+％纯度，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化铝（纯度大于99％，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化镁，氧化钙，碳酸锶，碳酸钡粉末被用作初始原料,混合组成（3Al2O3·2SiO2）0.9（MO）0.1（M：镁，钙，锶，钡）。“这种粉

新 全 汽车专业英语期末试卷

汽车专业英语期末试卷 (100分） 一选择题（10分） 1 It does not only have economic effects but also provide C job opportunities A numerous B difficult to count C countless D a lot of 2 the electrical system contains battery light generator, engine ignition .lighting circuit, and various B that control their use A the socket B switches C the charger D battery 3 suspension is the term given to the system of springs . Shock absorbers and B that connects a vehicle to its wheels . A contact B linkages C meet D thing of 4 A solid axle designs utilize springs to soften their inherent harsh ride characteristics , they still bump along like a brick out house. A even though B even if C although D since

5 the frame A two straight pressed steel members, five cross members , the front axle , the rear axle and four wheels A consists of B be made up of C include D reason 二把下面的表达式转化为中文或英文（20分） 1 邮车 mail van 6 sedan 轿车 2 赛车 racing car 7 bumper 保险杠 3 救护车 ambulance 8 lamp 灯 4 越野车 off -road vehicles 9 tire 轮胎 5 洒水车 sprinkler 10 hood 发动机罩 三把下面的简写正确搭配（10分） FWD electrical suspension control system TD Four -wheel drive AT anti -lock brake system ABS turbo diesel ESCS automatic transmission 四写出下面单词的全称及意思 (10分） 1 SUV 运动型多功能用车 sports utility vehicle

土木工程专业英语论文.doc

Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword: Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and

化学化工专业英语(课本内容)

第二章科技英语构词法 词是构成句子的要素，对词意理解的好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。 所谓构词法即词的构成方法，即词在结构上的规律。科技英语构词特点是外来语多（很多来自希腊语和拉丁语）；第二个特点是构词方法多，除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外，还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法和字母象形法。 2.1转化法（Conversion） 由一种词类转化成另一种词类，叫转化法。例如： water(n.水)→water(v.浇水) charge(n.电荷) →charge(v.充电) yield(n.产率) →yield(v.生成) dry(a.干的) →dry（v.烘干） slow(a.慢的) →slow(v.减慢) back(ad.在后、向后) →back（v.使后退、倒车） square(n.正方形) →square(a.正方形的) 2.2派生法（Derivation） 通过加前、后缀构成一新词。派生法是化工类科技英语中最常用的构词法。 例如“烷烃”就是用前缀（如拉丁或希腊前缀）表示分子中碳原子数再加上“-ane”作词尾构成的。若将词尾变成“-ane”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl”，则分别表示“烯”、“炔”、“醇”、“醛”、“基”、等。依此类推，从而构成千成种化学物质名词。常遇到这样的情况，许多化学化工名词在字典上查不到，全若掌握这种构词法，能过其前、后缀分别代表的意思，合在一起即是该词的意义。下面通过表1举例说明。需要注意的是，表中物质的数目词头除前四个另有名称外，其它均为表上的数目词头。 本书附录为化学化工专业常用词根及前后缀。此外还可参阅《英汉化学化工词汇》（第三版）附录中的“英汉对照有机基名表”、“西文化学名词中常用的数止词头”及“英汉对照有机词尾表”。 据估计，知道一个前缀可帮助人们认识450个英语单词。一名科技工作者至少要知道近50个前缀和30个后缀。这对扩大科技词汇量，增强自由阅读能力，提高翻译质量和加快翻译速度都是大有裨益的。 2．3合成法（Composition） 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，叫合成法。有时需加连字符。 如副词+过去分词well-known 著名的 名词+名词carbon steel 碳钢 rust-resistance 防锈 名词+过去分词computer-oriented 研制计算机的 介词+名词by-product 副产物 动词+副词makeup 化妆品 check-up 检查 形容词+名词atomic weight 原子量 periodic table 周期表 动词+代词+副词pick-me-up 兴奋剂 副词+介词+名词out-of-door 户外 2．4压缩法（Shortening） (1)只取词头字母 这种方法在科技英语中较常用。

机械专业英语论文翻译

Influence of Hot Press Forming Techniques on Properties of Vehicle High Strength Steels CHANG Ying, MENG Zhaohuan, YING Liang, LI Xiaodong , MA Ning, HU Ping ( Scho ol of Automotive Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China) Abstract:Based on the combination of materials science and mechanicalengineering ,hotpress forming process of the vehicle high strength steels was analyzed. The hot forming processinclud -ed: heating alloy srapidly to austenite micr ostructures, stamping and cooling timely,maintaining pressur eand quenching . The results showed that most of austenite micr ostructure w as changed into uniform mar tensite by the hot press form ing while the samples were heatedat 900 。C and quenched. The optimal tensile strength and yield streng th were up to 1530 MPa and 1000 MPa, respectively, and the shape deformation reached about 23% . And springback defect did not happ -en in the samples. Key words: high streng th steel; lightw eight ; hot forming ; martensite As an effective economical energy measure, the lightw eight dev elo pment dir ection of automo -bile has become one of the most important research subjects in the automotive industry. There are three major ways to achieve automobile light weight : optimizing vehicle frames and struc- tures; making vehicle bodyor f rame of new and alternativ ematerials to reduce the vehicle mass ( The high and ultra high strength steel can be used as alternative materials because of its thinner thickness) ; adopting advanced manufacturing techniques for the sake of automobile light wei- ght , such as thickness-gradient high strength steel (HSS) or metal based compound plates by con -tinuous pressing or hot press forming [ 1] . Although HSS has been applied in some domestic top grade vehicles, the key producing technologies have always been dominated by foreign compan- ies, such as Acelor Company, so as to raise the product cost obviously. By domestic self-designed hot press forming techniques and water-cooling mould, the automo bile HSS can be produced to subst itute foreign vehicle parts. In general, with the enhancement of steel blank，s mechanical strength, its formability is worsened dramatically. It is difficult to apply the traditional cold stamping technolog y into the f ield of pressing HSS. Thus, the hot stamping technology of martensit icsteel blank is applied as a new technology , which combines metal thermoplast ic forming metho d and water-cooling mould quenching principle. In this paper, boro n steel blank was formed and water-cooling mould was quenched simultane ously during the process of hot stamping . Compared with original automobile pearlite steel[ 2] , the automobile HSS obtained by advanced hot press forming technique can reduce about 30% of the total vehicle mass and achieve complex g eomet ries, high security and mechanical st reng th. The r easo n is that austenite microst

《汽车专业英语》期末试卷附答案第2套

2、The modern automatic transmission is by far the most complicated mechanical component in today’s automobile. 3、Torque that is produced at the end of the crankshaft by the engine must be transmitted to the driving wheels. 4、A double overhead cam engine has two cams per head. So in-line engines have two cams, and V-type engines have four. 5、所以冷却系统的另一个重要作用是让发动机尽快的升温，并保持在稳定的温度范围内。 .

三、Answer the following questions in English. (3×5’) 1、Why do we need the cooling system in an IEC （内燃机）? 2、What is the function of the braking system? 3、What ’s the displacement of an engine? 四、 Choose the right answer. (5×2’) 1、What do almost all cars use to convert gasoline into motion? A. one-stroke combustion cycle B. two-stroke combustion cycle C. three-stroke combustion cycle D. four-stroke combustion cycle 2、A car uses a four-stroke engine. The four strokes are . A. intake, compression, ignition and exhaust B. injection, rotation, ignition and exhaust C. injection, carburetion, rotation and exhaust 3、What is the core of a car ’s engine?

英文论文规范格式

论文规范格局 一 1、标题。应能归纳整个论文最重要的内容，要言不烦，有目共睹，通常不宜超越20个字。 2、论文摘要和要害字。 论文摘要应论述学位论文的首要观念。阐明本论文的意图、研讨办法、作用和定论。尽可能保存原论文的基本信息，杰出论文的发明性作用和新见地。而不应是各章节标题的简略罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。 要害字是能反映论文宗旨最要害的词句，通常3-5个。 3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成有些的小标题，应标示相应页码。 4、导言(或序文)。内容应包含本研讨范畴的国内外现状，本论文所要处理的疑问及这项研讨作业在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论含义与实用价值。 5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。 6、定论。论文定论需求明晰、精粹、完好，应阐明自个的发明性作用或新见地，以及在本范畴的含义。 7、参阅文献和注释。按论文中所引证文献或注释编号的次第列在论文正文之后，参阅文献之前。图表或数据有必要注明来历和出处。 (参阅文献是期刊时，书写格局为： [编号]、作者、文章标题、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。 参阅文献是图书时，书写格局为： [编号]、作者、书名、出书单位、年份、版次、页码。) 8、附录。包含放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备别人阅览便利所需的辅助性数学东西、重复性数据图表、论文运用的符号含义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关阐明等。 二 1、本科毕业论文格局需求： 装订次第：目录--内容提要--正文--参阅文献--写作进程状况表--辅导教员评议表 参阅文献应另起一页。 纸张类型：A4纸。A4 210×297毫米 论文份数：一式三份。 其他(调查陈述、学习心得)：一概需求打印。 2、论文的封面由校园一致供给。(或听教员的组织) 3、论文格局的字体：各类标题(包含“参阅文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者名字、辅导教员名字、摘要、要害字、图表名、参阅文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman 字体。 4、字体需求： (1)论文标题2号黑体加粗、居中。 (2)论文副标题小2号字，紧挨正标题下居中，文字前加破折号。 (3)填写名字、专业、学号等项目时用3号楷体。 (4)内容提要3号黑体，居中上下各空一行，内容为小4号楷体。

汽车专业英语大纲

汽车专业英语大纲 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】

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