英语语法八大时态复习讲义

英语语法八大时态复习讲义

1.一般现在时态结构

肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他

否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他

一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他

简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not

缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not

例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2.一般现在时的用法

1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。

常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。

例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2）表示现在的状态。

例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。

The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。

3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

4)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。

例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。

但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。

6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。

1.一般过去时态结构

肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他

否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他

一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not

2.一般过去时的用法

1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。

例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

After a few years, she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。

2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。

例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。

例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？

1.一般将来时的结构

结构1：

肯定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他

否定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他

一般疑问句式：助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他

简单回答：在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll，wii not常简缩为won’t。

在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。

例如：She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。

Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？

结构2：

肯定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他

否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他

一般疑问句式：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他

简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语+be （否）No,主语+be not

2.一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。

例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。

例如：I’ll come and see you every Saturday nex t year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。

3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。

例如：I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。

Maybe she’ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。

be going to表示将来

1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，即计划、安排要发生的事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3、注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。

●在时间上：be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何

具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。

He is going to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。

He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。

●计划/临时：两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will则指未经过

预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。

—What are you going to do next Sunday?下星期天你打算干什么？

—I'm going to go fishing. 我打算去钓鱼。

—Where is the telephone book? 电话号码簿在哪儿？

—I'll go and get it for you. 我去给你拿。

●两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则

意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。

●在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。

例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

1.现在进行时的结构：

am/is/are+动词的现在分词

2.现在进行时的用法：

1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时间状语连用。

例如：We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。

2.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

4.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

5、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

○1表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于现在进行时，表

示即将要发生动作。

例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

○2一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。

例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

1.现在完成时的结构：

肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed

否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed

一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？

特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？

2.现在完成时的用法

1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。

Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。

2、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

3、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:

come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

open --- be open die --- be dead

close --- be closed become ---be

borrow --- keep put on --- wear

buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)

begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep

end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold

join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier

join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member

例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。

Jim bought this pen two years ago.

Jim has had this pen for two years.

Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

Jim has had this pen since 2007

It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。

例：This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

6. have / has been to + 地点意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种

经历而已。

have / has gone to + 地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。

如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。

1.过去完成时的结构：

助动词had＋动词过去分词

2.过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。

例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。

例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .

我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。

3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。

例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。

1.过去进行时的结构：

was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)

2.过去进行时的用法：

1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。

例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.

昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。

2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。

例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。

3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。

例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。

4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。

例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .

一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……

1.过去将来时的结构

a)would/should+动词原形

b)was/were going to+动词原形

2.过去将来时的用法

1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从

句中。

例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.

他说他会在九点之前完成工作。

2、表示过去的某种习惯，只能用would。

例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.

每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。

(完整版)初中英语语法八大时态总结,推荐文档

初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句

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