限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别

限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明（注：通常和主句间用逗号隔开，不受主句句子结构的影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立）

语法

1. that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句

2. 有时as也可用作关系代词

3. 在非限制性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。

4.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词（my he she their his her mine theirs等）和指示代词（指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式）所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

5.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸气，这就叫做蒸发。

非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。

一、as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常

表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。

1．Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting．像我们所期望的

那样，迈克参加了会议。

2．He wasn't unconscious，as could be judged from his eyes．他

并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。

二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。

I．指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。

Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) II．指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。

1．在“n．／pron．／num．．．．＋prep．＋which”，“prep．＋which”定语从句里。

1）They talked about a movie，the name of which I've never forgotten．他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。

2）In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals，16．5 of which were won by women．在悉尼奥运会，中国队夺得了28枚金牌，其中16．5枚是女子夺得的。

2．表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。

The dam，which is the biggest in the world，is 3，830 metres long．大

坝长3，830米，是世界上最大的坝。

3．先行词是独一无二的事物时。

The moon，which doesn't give out light itself，is only a satellite of the earth．月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。

4．先行词表示类属的事物时。

Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world．足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。

5．先行词是专有名词时。

1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam，which is also in Egypt．世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。

2）The Nile，which used to flood every year，now runs more regularly below the dam．尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。

6．先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。

Mike's brother is a policeman，which he isn't．迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。

7．先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。

Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isn't．李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。

8．先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。

My family，which has 35 people，is a large one．我家有35口人，是一个大家庭。

9．先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。

Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa．他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。

三、as，which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别，又在主句末时，有时可以通用。

1．He is quite pleased，as ／which can be seen from his face．他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。

2．You always work hard，as ／which everyone knows．大家都知道，你一向勤奋学习。

但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，就只能用as。

3．This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see．像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。

4．Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light．竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，一般用which引导。

5．He came to my birthday party，which I didn't expect at all．我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。

四、who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定语从句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

1．Bob's father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt．鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。

2．Dad，this is Zheng Jie，who I knew in Paris．爸，这是郑杰，我在巴黎认识的。这一句是用主格who代替宾格 whom。

3．His mother，whom he loved dearly， died in 1818．他非常爱戴他的母亲，她死于 1818年。

4．Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt， was quickly taken to hospital．金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去住院了。

the ＋n．of whom/whose; prep.+whose; prep.+whom等引导非限制性的定语从句。

5．He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom ／whose name I've never forgotten．他提到过一个笔友，他的名字我从未忘记。

6．About 2，000people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project．大约两千人从事过这项工程，其中很多是欧洲人。

7．In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu．他办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。

8．I decided to write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before．我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。

9．We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories．我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。

10．Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret．金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇。

五、when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。when ＝and then， where ＝and there。why不引导非限制性定语从句。

1．He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs．金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。

2．We will put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy．我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，当我们不忙的时候。

3．He went to America in 1912，where and when he was noticed by an important film director．他在1912年去了美国，在那里当时的他引起了一个重要电影导演的注意。

在prep．where ／when非限制性定语从句里，where ＝there，when ＝then。

4．His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees．他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了，从那里他只能看见树木。

5．That was in 1929，since when things have been better．那是在1929年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。

6．I went to bed at ten，before when I was reading for an hour．我10点去睡觉，在那时以前我看了1小时的书。

有时候where ／when可以用prep．which替换。

7．The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where they would be free to keep black slaves．南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家，在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶。

8．I still remembered January 10，on which ／when he came to see me．我仍然记得1月10日，他来看我的那一天。

在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom, which, that。

That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩。

Is this the radio (that/which) you bought last Saturday?

这是你上周六买的收音机吗?

在direction(方向), way(方式), distance(距离), time(时间), times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which。

The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.

我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。

The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers. 光每秒走的距离是30万公里。

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别

一、在句中作用不同

限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。

非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。

二、外在表现形式不同

限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。

例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？

你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？

例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.

钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。

例 3. This is the place where he used to live.

这就是他过去居住的地方。

例 4. Mr. Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.

张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。

例 5. We walked down the village street， where they were having market day.

我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。

析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。

三、先行词内容有所不同

大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。

例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.

一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。

析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。

例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.

一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。

析：由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。

四、关系词的使用情况有所不同

（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句

所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。

例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。

误： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.

正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.

值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ， which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when ， where 引导非限制性定语从句。

例 1. We'll graduate in July， when we will be free.

我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。

例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.

他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。

（二）关系代词替代情况不同

关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。

例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.

这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。

析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替whom .

例 2. A young man had a new girl friend， whom he wanted to impress.

一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。

析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .

在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .

例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。

误： She has a sister， that is a teacher.

正： She has a sister， who is teacher.

（三）关系代词省略情况不同

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。

例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.

这就是他昨天丢的那本书。

析：先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或that 可以省略。

例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.

他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。

析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。

限定性及非限定性定语从句练习

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

A. them

B. which

C. whom

D. who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/

B./; whom

C. whom;/

D./; who

24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title

B. its title

C. the title of it

D. the title of that

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a010632955.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which

B. for that

C. in which

D. what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which

B. which; when

C. what; that

D. on which; when

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which

B. whose

C. what

D./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.

A. in which

B. with which

C. that

D. for which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.

A. after which I have looked

B. which I have looked after

C. that I have looked after

D. I have looked after

31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.

A. why; that

B.that;why

C. for that;that

D.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.

A.that

B.which

C.for which

D.who

33.That is not the way ______I do it.

A./

B.which

C.for which

D.with which

34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.

A. all of which

B. either of which

C. both of that

D. both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.

A. as was

B. which was

C. as were

D. which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.

A. that

B. which

C. from that

D. from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.

A. /

B. why

C. when

D. whose

40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. though

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2．关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 （1）which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气，众所周知，是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用which；当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时，用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违，这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3．引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了

(完整版)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别

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考点23 限制性定语从句与非 限制性定语从句 高考频度：★★★★★ 考向一非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where等，that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号。 先行词指人，则用who，whose，which等； 先行词指物，要用which； 先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况： 1. 关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ?You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你为我做了许多，对此我很感激。 ?The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 ?A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ?China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。 ?Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年结婚了，他是明星。 ?Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。

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非限制性定语从句讲解

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非限制性定语从句50题练习+详解

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