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国际商务英语词汇

国际商务英语词汇
国际商务英语词汇

English

inquiry

offer

counter-offer

acceptance

commercial invoice

commission

discount

FOB

CIF

CFR

CPT

CIP

firm offer

UNCCISG

material alteration

sales contract/confirmation specifications

shipping marks

consignment

force majeure

shipping documents

consignee

c/o

commercial inspection

export licence

insurance policy

forwarder

notifying bank

irrevocable L/C

expiry date

transshipment

beneficiary

international settlement usance L/C

bill of lading

chief mate

bank negotiation

to present shipping documents draft / bill of exchange drawer of a draft

drawee of a draft

acceptance of a draft confirming bank

sale on open account

default payment

cash flow

marketing

nonprofit organization consumer research

stimulation

facilitation

after-sale service

surplus items

mass production

specialization

production era of marketing production capabilities

sales era of marketing

marketing department era

intense competition

marketing company era

aggressive marketing practices critical factor

social and economic justification revenue generation

marketing environment

controllable factors uncontrollable factors

top management

quantity discounts

overall objectives

inventory management

corporate culture

time orientation

level of innovation

promotions from within

target market

marketing organiztion

brand loyalty

marketing mix

differential advantage

market segments

functional

product-oriented

product offerings

price structure

promotional activities

distribution system

independent media

consumer characteristics occupation

head-on competition

monopoly

oligopoly

monopolistic competition

pure competition

consumerism

nationalism

inflation

interest rates

discontent with pollution

interest in physical fitness

self service

finalconsumer

organizational consumer household use

for resale

target marketing

narrowing-down process

total market

segmentation

subsets of customers

law of diminishing demand

fast-growing markets

start-up costs

age distribution

buying pattern

disposable income

after-tax income

discretionary income

working women

regular retail hours

time-saving appliances

two-earner families

personal income

purchasing power

real income

nonessentials

luxury goods

undifferentiated marketing concentrated marketing differentiated marketing product attributes

per-unit profit

specialized markets

demand clusters

market positioning

develop a marketing budget allocate marketing resources sales forecast

trend analysis

jury of executive opinion sales force surveys

chain-ratio method

market buildup method statistical analysis

market penetration diversification

price elasticity of demand delayed purchase

air fare

price conscious

price shopper

brand-loyal customer

status seeker

discount stores

price sensitivity

horizontal price fixing

vertical price fixing

brand image

rebates

coupons

guarantees

delivery

cost justified

cumulative purchases

predatory pricing

loss leader

non-sale items

price discrimination

inflated prices

bait-and-switch advertising

moderate competition

public utilities

well-differentiated goods and services mark-up pricing

the same line of business

speed turnover

the same line of business

cost-oriented pricing

experience curve pricing

target return pricing

return on investment

break-even analysis

fixed cost

variable cost

total revenue

loss leader pricing

odd-even pricing

prestige pricing

demand-backward pricing complementary product pricing

bid pricing

non-cummulative quantity discounts cash discounts

list price

advertising allowances

stocking allowances

push money allowances

trade-in allowance

strategic planning

tactical planning

contingency planning

managerial objectives

resources allocation

revenue and expense budgets

task force

geographic structure

marketing control

profit oriented

revenue-related objectives

sales volume

sales share

absolute terms

sales territory

customer type

product category

matching concept

accounting information

marketing audit

past performance

marketing resources

financial statements

GDP(gross domestic product) GNP

BOP(balance of payments)

citizen

resident

payments to and receipts from …current account

capital account

exchange rate

equilibrium demand and supply deficit

dividents

management fees

interest payments

royalties

merchandise trade

gold standard

investment income

mercantilism

the flow of species

mercantilist obsession

payments surplus

imbalances

pegged exchange rate

price-species-flow mechanism elasticity approach

gold circulation

monopoly group

paper currency circulation devaluation

inelastic demand

revaluation

economic depression

monetary value

disequilibrium

financial markets

economic and financial transactions

assets

liabilities

double-entry bookkeeping principle

credit and debit

credit entries

debit entries

inflow of foreign exchange

loss of foreign exchange

unreported transactions

inconsistencies in reporting

errors and ommissions

statistical discrepency

the value of trade

unilateral transfer

factors of production

transportation services

hotel accommodations

balance in invisible

intangible items

foreign securities

equity interests

FDI

portfolio investment

foreign loans

long-term commitmment of funds

stocks

bonds

maturity of more than one year

government notes

deposits

foreign currencies

arithmetic equilibrium

official reserve account

convertible currencies

SDR (Special drawing right)

deposits at IMF (International Monetary Fund) external buying power

foreign exchange buffering policy

adjustment of foreign exchange rate

direct control of exchange rate

government mandated quotas

trade balance

trade surplus

trade deficit

rapidly declining US dollor

appreciation and depreciation of a currency artificially undervalued yuan

structural imbalance

high degree of complementarity

price elastic

logistics

integration

point of origin

manufacturing

final consumer

point of consumption

information flow

material flow

professional literature

documentation flow

returns

inventory management

order handling

warehouse site selection

salvage scrap disposal

distribution center

DC

inbound and outbound logistics

production scheduling

cost-price squeeze

finished goods

component parts

expendable supplies

economic value or utility

common carrier

contract carrier

company-owned equipment

warehousing

inventory obsolescence

inventory capital costs

freight transportation

regional warehouses

packing methods and materials

mode of transportation

location of inventory

total cost of performing physical distribution cost and service control

functional units

traffic manager

divided responsibility

cost reduction

delegated functions

large quantity shipments by truckloads suboptimization

inventory accumulation

coordinate and integrate the resposibility

on the part of top management

ready availability of inventory

maximum service

unreasonable cost

in light of competition

incur excessive costs

inventory depreciation

maintenance of regional warehouses

time lag

order origination

merchandise delivery

operations research

systems concept

model concept

experimentation

preliminary testing of alternatives

electronic data

information flow time

material flow time

recent developments

impending improvements

airfreight industry

mass acceptance

routine mover of freight

premium means of transportation

passenger operations

top priority

incidental

deterrents

conceive of physical distribution as an integrated whole airfreight rates

time and place utility of products

automatic ordering

inventory replenishment

competitive advantage

organizational changes

optimization of the integrated whole

alternative mixes of cost elements

replenishment time

communications

lead time

containers

piggyback service

back haul

wholesale

retail

hardware stores

department stores

discount stores

food stores

channel jumping

scrambled merchandising

raw material and finished inventory replenishment

sheer magnitude of expenditure

untapped opportunities

interdepartmental control

beyond legal boundaries of individual firms specialized enterpries

expensive duplication

intermediaries

disintermediation

cost centers

flow of transaction-creating efforts flow of physical fulfillment efforts physical exchange

exchange intermediaries

marketing specialists

physical distribution specialists factory branch office

economic justification

limit stocks to display models

direct shipment from distributor's mail-order industry

minimization of exchange expenses channel fuctions

assorting of finished goods

one-way movement

be subject to scrutiny

adjustment

transfer

storage

handling

communications

concentration

sorting

dispersement

custom offerings

margin for error

carriage risks

temporal and spatial value

in anticipation of future transaction depreciative factor

buyer's market

idle inventory

inventory risk

container and unitized loads

stimulus

response

feedback

monitor progress

disproportionate spread of risk

vested interest

persuasion or coercion

innovative specialization

risk spreading

super-organization management individual profit orientation motivation of conflict and cooperation mimimum transfer

maximim postponement in adjustment minimum massed reserves

remolding established assortments

ancillary costs

inventory support

central supply

erratic demand

channel-wide considerations

differentiation of goods

postpone change in form, identity and inventory location produce to order

speculation principle

large-scale economies

stock-out

HR

human resources management

labor markets

upholstery operation

R&D facility

international mobility

shortage of needed skills

management styles

strain relations between headquarters and subsidiary personnel transfer practices

national orientations

global interests

distance and diversity

managerial transfer

locals

nationals

expatriates

headquartered country

home-country

acute shortage

qualified candidates

moving expenses

settling-in expenses

storage expenses

legal impediments

licensing requirements

immigration restrictions

foreign assignment

technical competence

technical necessities

foreign variations

criteria

adaptiveness

self-maintanance

stress reduction

host nationals

cognitive skills

direct of transfer costs

costs of lost performance

disruption of current way of living

short-term decisions

longer-term implications

negative stereotypes

management recruitment and selection capable nationals

new hires

centralized personnel record system demographic data

company-administered tests

domestic transfers

previous international experience

extensive interviews

management of the home

marital stress

rigorous procedure

acquisitions

staffing arrangement

primary allegiance to …

plan manpower needs

as reference

labor-saving devices

labor intensive

appropriate technology

capital intensive

obsolete equipment

factor endowment

cost efficient

engineering bias

output per persion

critical unemployment problems

shortage of workers

remittances home

value of exports

expell foreigners

job opportunities

homogeneous culture

mobilize capital, technology and management migrant workers

previously unoccupied areas

remote parts of the globe

housing

infrastructure

social services

influx of temporaries

ethnic seperation perpetuated

comparative labor relations

sociopolitical environment

collective bargaining

marked class difference

perceived involvement in a class struggle labor demands

adversary process

vote in blocs

national legislation

mediation

impartial party

labor court

government-chosen arbitrators

national unions

close company affiliation

protection from closures and redunduncy proposed layoffs

shifts in production location

cessation of operations

prenotification

lifetime employment custom

parttime workers

workers on the payroll

codetermination

board of directors

veto power

minimum wage rates

minimal effect

divided workers

strong stances

询盘

发盘

还盘

受盘

商业发票

佣金, 回扣

贴现

Free on Board 船上交货价格, 离岸价格

Cost,Insurance and Freight 到岸价格,成本、运费加保险价

成本加运费

运费付至

运费保险费付至(指定目的地) (CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO NAMED PLACE OF DESTINATION

实盘

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods》联合国国际货物销售合同公实质性修改

销售确认书

规格

唛头----货运标志

托运货物

不可抗力

装运货单

收货人,货运人

原厂地证明书 certificate of original place

商品检验

出口证明

保险单

货代(货运代理)

通知银行

不可撤销信用证

过期日

转运

受益人

国际结算

远期信用证

提货单

大副

银行议付

提货单

汇票

汇票开票人

汇票受票人

接受报价

保兑银行

赊销

支付违约

现金流

市场营销

非盈利团体

消费者调查

激励

便利

批量生产

专门化,分工

工业化的开始,供不应求生产力

销售时代

供大于求

激烈竞争

供求平衡

积极的市场实践*

关键因素

社会经济调整

税收

营销环境

可控因素

不可控因素

高级管理层

批量折扣

总体目标

库存管理

企业文化

时间定向

创新水平*

内部提拔

目标市场

市场营销组织

品牌忠诚度

营销组合

差别优势

市场细分

功能性

产品导向

产品样品*

价格结构

促销活动

分配制度

独立媒体

消费者特征

职业

正面竞争

垄断

寡头

垄断竞争

完全竞争

消费主义

民族主义

通货膨胀

利率

对污染的不满*

关注身体健美*

自助服务

家用

用于再销售

目标行销

缩小范围方法*

市场总量

细分

消费者子集

需求递减规律

迅速增长的市场

筹备(开办)费用

年龄分布

购买模式

可支配收入,税后所得税后收入

可随意支配收入

职业女性

常规零售时间

省时的电气用具

双职工家庭

个人收入

购买力

实际收入

非必需品

奢侈品

无差异营销

集中营销

差异化营销

产品属性

单位时间利润

专业化市场

需求群体

市场定位

制定营销预算

分配营销资源

销售预测

趋势分析

行政治理人员群体意见法销售人员调查

连比法

市场组合法

统计分析

市场渗透

多元化

需求价格弹性

延迟购买

航空费用

价格敏感性

购买者

品牌忠诚顾客

地位追求者

横向价格固定

纵向价格固定

品牌形象

折扣

优惠券

抵押品

送货

成本合理

累计购买

掠夺式定价

亏本出售商品

非买品

价格歧视

飞涨价格

诱转广告

适度竞争

公共设施

分化良好的商品和服务加成定价法

相同的经营业务

加快周转率

相同的经营业务

成本导向定价法

经验曲线定价

目标收益定价

投资回报

损益两平分析

固定成本

可变成本

总收入

亏本产品定价

零头定价法

声望定价

需求倒退定价法

互补定价法

招标定价

非累积数量打折

现金折扣

价目表

广告折让

上架费

积极推销费

折价贴换,以旧换新战略规划

策略规划

应急计划

管理目标

资源分配

收入和支出预算

任务小组

利润导向

既定收入目标

销售额

销售份额

绝对价值

销售地区

客户类型

产品类别

配比原则

会计信息

营销审计

以往业绩

营销资源

财务报表

国内生产总值

国民生产总值gross national product 国际收支平衡表

公民

居民

支付和收入

经常项目

资本项目

汇率

平衡供求

赤字

分红

管理费用

利息支付

版税

商品贸易

金本位制

投资收入

重商主义

物价现金流

重商主义情结

(国际)收支盈余

余额

固定汇率

价格物种流动机制

弹性分析法

黄金流通

垄断集团

纸币流通

贬值

非弹性需求

重估

经济衰退

货币价值

不平衡

金融市场

经济金融交易

资产

负债

复式记账原则

信贷和借记

贷方账目

借方账目

外汇流入

外汇损失

未报告的交易

报告不一致

错漏

统计误差

贸易值

无偿转让

生产要素

运输服务

酒店住宿

无形差额

无形项目

外国证券

股本息

外商直接投资

有价证券投资

国外贷款

长期资金承诺

股票

债券

到期超过一年

政府证券

储备

外汇

真正平衡

官方储备金账户

可自由兑换的货币

(国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权国际货币基金储备

对外购买力

外汇缓冲政策

调整外汇率

直接控制汇率

政府授权限额

贸易平衡

贸易盈余

贸易赤字

快速衰退的美元

货币升值和贬值

人为贬值的人民币

结构性失衡

高度的互补性

价格弹性

物流

整合

原产地

制造业

最终消费者

消费点

信息流

物料流

专业文献

文件流通

利润

存货管理

订单处理

仓库选址

废弃物处理

配送中心

配送中心

内向物流和外向物流

生产计划

成本价格紧缩

制成品

零部件

易耗品

经济价值或经济效用

普通承运人

合同承运人

公司所有设备

仓储

库存老化

库存资本成本

货运运输

地方库存

包装方式和材料

运输方式

存货地点

实物配送总成本

成本和服务水平的控制功能单位

货运经理

分工负责

削减成本

委托职能

大批量整车出运

局部优化

库存累积

整合与协调责任

就高管理层而言

可分配存货量

尽量满足顾客需求

不合理成本

按照市场竞争情况的考虑支付额外费用

存货贬值

维护地区仓库

时间差

订单发出

商品运输

运筹研究

系统思想

建模思想

试验田

可选择的初步试验

电子数据

信息流动时间

实物流动时间

最新发展

迫近的提高

空运行业

广泛接受

日常运输工具

最适合运输方式

乘客运作

优先考虑的对象

顺带的小事

妨碍物

将物流配送视为一个整体

空运运价

产品时间地点效用

自动排序

库存补货

竞争优势

组织革新

优化整合

成本因素组合选择

补货时间

通讯

前置期(指从订购到供应商交货所间隔的时间)容器,集装箱,货柜

公铁联运(铁路平车运输)

回程

批发

零售

五金商店

百货商店

折扣店

食品店

渠道跳跃

跨行业销售

原材料与制成品库存补给

支出庞大

未开发的机会

部门之间的控制

公司的法律责任范围

专业公司

昂贵的重复建设

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