03--12年二级笔译真题《笔译实务》

英语二级笔译2003-2012年真题及部分参考答案

2003年12月英语二级笔译实务试题

Section 1: English – Chinese Translation (英译汉)

This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation” and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic I” or “Topic 2” (60 points, 100 minutes)

Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) （30 points）

Nowhere to Go

For the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like ―Nagaraj‖(who didn‘t want to reveal his real name). He‘s an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, “It was the shock of my lifetime,” says Nagaraj.

This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulation, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allow them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. “How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?” Nagaraj wonders.

Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon V alley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 worker held such visas — but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That’s causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker “out of status” when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. “They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture,” says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.

The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology firms retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February — down from 32,000 in February of last year.

Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,” and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. ―We are aware of the cutbacks,‖ she says. ―We‘re trying to be

Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题) （30 points）

Topic 1 (选题一)

What Is the Force of Gravity?

If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.

All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface. In fact, the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.

The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.

Entry into Space

How can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.

Rockets

The powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.

At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.

When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.

Topic 2 （选题二）

Basketball Diplomacy

CHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People‘s Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over “Wang Zhizhi Day” in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He’s even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs — and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: “I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.”

Back in China, the nation’s other basketball phenom, Yao Ming , can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he

was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No.1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street.

Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world — on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision — this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be — in basketball parlance — the ultimate give-and-go. “This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,” says Xia Song, a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang. “Only with a much bigger ball.”

Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr. — son of the eccentric billionaire — to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. “You could hear them thinking: ‘What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?’” Nelson recalls. “We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.” There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.

This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team — a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city — would get its star to the NBA first.

Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title — scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national- team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation （汉译英）

This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation”and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic 1”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” (40 points, 80 minutes)

Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）（20 points）

中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要实现全中国人民广泛的自由、民主和人权。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中国在公元一世纪人口就已达到过六千万左右，众多人口的衣食住行，几千年来一直是中国历代政府所要解决的首要人权问题。今天的中国是一个有十二亿多人口的发展中大国，仍然必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。中国确保十二亿多人的生存权和发展权，这是对世界人权进步事业的重大贡献。

Part B Choice of Two Translation （二选一题）（20 points）

Topic 1（选题一）

艾滋病

艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体内的自然免疫系统，破坏人体的自卫能力。

艾滋病本身并不致命，但是，由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有能力低于其他许多疾病的侵袭，例如，肺炎、癌症、致盲性疾病和精神错乱。

艾滋病毒存在于人的体液中。这种病毒可以通过性生活或共用静脉注射器传播，也可以通过血制品传播，并且可以从患艾滋病的孕妇身上传播给她的妊娠婴儿。

有关艾滋病传播的许多说法是错误的。与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病，触摸他们用过的饮水杯或其他东西也不会传染上艾滋病。专家们说：没有人因为与艾滋病患者一起生活、照料艾滋病患者或触摸艾滋病患者而染上艾滋病。

Topic 2 （选题二）

时间之谜

如果你能够看懂时钟，你就可以知道一天的时间。但是谁也不知道，时间本身究竟是什么。时间是看不到、摸不着、听不见的，我们只能记录时间消逝的办法才知道时间的存在。虽然我们成功的测量了时间的分分秒秒，但时间仍然是宇宙间及其神秘的现象之一。

思考时间的一个方法是设想一个没有时间的世界。那样，就不可能有运动了，因为时间和运动是不可分开的。一个没有时间的世界只有在没有变化的情况下才能存在。因为时间和变化是联系在一起的。当某件事发生变化时，你知道时间已经流逝。在现实世界里，变化是永无止境的，有一些变化，如月食，只发生在瞬间，而另一些变化则反复出现，比如日出和日落。人们一直注意那些反复出现的自然现象，在人们开始计算这些现象时，他们就开始测定时间了。

参考译文

Section 1: 汉译英（60分）

Part A 必译题（30分）

[参考译文]

无家可归

这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。根据联邦政府的规定，纳加拉吉和他的同事有两个选择：要么立即回印度，要么在供过于求的劳动市场找到一份新工作，然后寄希望与移民规划局把他们的签证转到他们的新公司去。在法律上，他不能有收入，除非他办完移民局所有的手续之后。“没有工作，没有收入，我怎么生存呀？”纳加拉吉愁眉不展。

不久前，H-1B签证还是硅谷各公司解决当地程序员和工程师短缺问题的香饽饽。H-1B签证始于1992年，移民局希望通过签发这种签证来吸引其他国家的熟练工人来美工作。他们中的许多人带着妻儿，落地生根，并申请有永久居住权的绿卡。截止到2000年2月，大约有8.1万名工人持有这种签证。但随着网络经济的崩溃，许多人遭到解雇。这导致了在美国移民社区的很大不安。当一个工人丢了饭碗，移民局就认为他“没有身份乐”，在理论上，你可以认为他必须卷起行李回家了。由于今年工人被解雇幅度太大，美国政府近来有所让步，宣布了一系列模糊不清的政策，暗示如果他们符合某些特例并能找到一个公司为他们担保签证的话，他们还可以留下来。这一政策的结果就是数以千计的移民在美国面临着暗淡的不确定的前景，甚至被突然遣送回家。“他们生活在地狱的边缘，这也许是最痛苦的。”坐落在硅谷的移民互助网络组织的阿玛·维达这样认为。

在过去的几年里，硅谷的公司对这种H-1B的作用大肆吹捧，导致现在的情况更加糟糕。不久前，它们刚刚成功说服国会增加每年的H-1BQ签证的签发数量。但现在技术公司的紧缩使这一需求减慢。今年，硅谷的大公司如英特尔﹑思科和惠普都宣布裁员上千人，其中有许多H-1B签证持有者。移民局上个月声称今年2月份有大约16，000名H-1B工人来到美国，大大低于去年2月份的32，000人。

上个月，了解到问题的严重性的美国移民局通知H-1B签证持有者“不要惊慌”，在他们被迫离开美国之前，会有一个宽限期。移民局的女发言人埃仑·史密斯表示：“我们对裁员很清楚，这个月将有更多的导向性的政策出台。我们将在现有法律允许的范围里采取更宽容的政策。”

Part B二选一题（30分）

选题一

[参考译文]

什么是重力？

假如你把一个球往上抛，它还会掉下来。球为什么会掉下来呢？球掉下来是因为球被吸引或拉向地球。地球对所有物体都施加吸引力。离地球较近的物体所受的吸引力，比远离地球的物体所受的吸引力大。这种吸引力通常叫做重力。作用于地球表面上物体的引力，叫做物体的重量。

空间所有的天体，如月球﹑行星和星星，对物体也都有吸引力。物体越大﹑越重，其引力也就越大。既然月球比地球小，因此，月球对月球表面上一物体施加的力，将比地球对地球表面上同一物体施加的力要小。实际上，月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一。这就是说，地球上一个重120公斤的物体，在月球上会只重20公斤。因此，在月球上你能举起的重量，将是你在地球上所能举起的最大重量的六倍。

地球的引力或拉力，使我们和地球上别的任何东西都不致漂浮到空间中。要飞向空间并到月球或其他行星去旅游，就必须克服地球的引力。

进入空间

怎么才能克服地球的引力呢？科学家们为此进行了长期的研究。直到最近，他们才能够制造出足以克服地球引力的强有力的机器。这种机器就称为宇宙火箭。宇宙火箭的巨大速度和强大的动力，帮助它挣脱地球的引力而进入空间。

火箭

强大的宇宙火箭的工作原理和简单的烟火火箭是一样的。烟火火箭有一圆柱形壳体和一锥形头部。壳体内充填黑色火药作为燃料。它是一种化学品的混合物，能迅速燃烧形成炽热的气体。

火箭的底部有一个通道，即喷口。从喷口伸出一根尾巴似的引信。沿壳体装着一根长棍，用以在引信点着以前确定火箭发射的方向。

当黑色火药燃烧时，炽热的气体，即燃气从喷口急速排出。只要黑色火药还在燃烧，燃气就不断急速排出。当这些燃气通过喷口往下喷出时，火箭就被向上推进。这就叫做喷气推进。图中所示的简单实验，可以帮助你了解喷气推进。

选题二

[参考答案]

篮球外交

姚和王不仅仅是篮球队员中的奇人。这两座塔是国家的财富，是中国在世界上地位提高的象征。他们也是NBA 梦想征服中国的象征。NBA，还在国内争斗的时候，就看到了在13亿潜在篮球迷的国土上的前景。中国——志在夺取2008年奥运会主办权和加入世界贸易组织——正急于在世界上留下标记，当然是按照自己的条件。两年来，让这些年轻球员加盟NBA的斗争已经演变成一场文化冲突——这种冲突被美中之间关于侦察飞机和贸易自由化的争吵大大淡化了。如果成功的话，它可能是——用一句篮球术语来说——最终的二人配合。“这就像乒乓外交，”夏松，一个代表王的体育市场经理人说，“只不过球个大些。”

两年前，这件事情更像是锁链。当小牛队早在1999年要挑选他们的明星时，王所在部队的头头们非常恼火。尼尔森仍记得与当时（小牛队）的拥有人罗斯·小皮劳特——那个行为古怪的亿万富翁的儿子——一块飞往北京，同面孔古板的人民解放军干部敲定一项交易的情景。“你能听见他们所想的：‘这个NBA球队在干什么，想对我们的财产提出要求吗？’”尼尔森回忆道。“我们试图解释这对王和中国都是一件光荣的事。”交易没达成。王变得十分沮丧，失去了场上锋芒。

这年，姚成为选定球员。他在得分和挣抢蓝板球方面超过了王，甚至在中国篮球协会联赛中夺走了他垂涎已久的MVP（最有价值球员）奖。表面看来，似乎他所在的上海队——一个中国最开放城市中充满活力的半资本主义俱乐部——将首先把它的球星送进NBA。

后来，3月巅峰来临。王打破消沉，率领八一队连续第六次摘取联赛桂冠——他在决赛中独得40分。一天以后，人民解放军宣布王可以自由地去西方，又为自己赢了不少分。是什么因素导致了这种变化？毫无疑问，与小牛队致力于与中国官员建立信任的努力密不可分（甚至邀请国家队教练王飞在达拉斯度过1999-2000赛季）。当然还有一些小小的中国人的自尊心因素。国家队在2000年奥运会结束时踉踉跄跄地挤到第10位，而在1996年列第8位。即使是最顽固的干部也会明白，只有把自己的球星派到海外向世界最优秀的球员学习，才能提高球队的水平。

Section 2: 汉译英（40分）

Part A 必译题（20分）

[参考译文]

The Chinese nation has always valued human dignity and value. Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of people being most important, believing that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” Progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized. The Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people in carrying out revolution, development and reform precisely for the purpose of ensuring the entire Chinese people broad freedoms, democracy and human rights. The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people. China’s population reached around 60 million as early as in the first century. For several thousand years, to meet the people’s need for food, clothes, housing and transport has all along been the primary human rights challenge for successive governments in Chinese history. In today’s China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.2 billion, top priority should still be given to ensuring the greatest possible majority of its people the rights to subsistence and development. Otherwise, there would be no other rights to speak of. To have been able to ensure our people these rights is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause.

Part B 二选一题（20分）

选题一

[参考译文]

AIDS

AIDS is a life-threatening sickness that arracks the body‘s natural defense system against disease. It can destroy the body‘s ability to protect itself.

AIDS itself does not kill. But because the body’s defense system is damaged, the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases, such as pneumonia, cancer, blindness and mental disorders.

The AIDS virus is carried in a person’s body fluids. The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.

Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient.

选题二

[参考译文]

MYSTERY OF TIME

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe.

One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. Then there could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. When something changes, you know time has passed. In the real world, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. People have always noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.

2004年5月英语二级笔译实务试题

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and

Part B “Optional Translations”which comprises “Topic 1”and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）（30 points）

The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking aslarge as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, Ihad to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explai-n what moved me to do so.

There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of in-dividuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. Asa mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it.

The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.

Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）

Topic 1 （选题一）

It‘s not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don‘t w ant him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We don’t want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun.

But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, “I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It’s O.K., to have some doubt, and it’s O.K. to have some nervousness.” A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak.

Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. “But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve,” says an NBA source.

The problem with Jordan’s return is not only that he can’t possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 — earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back — needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not — violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century’s first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe’s pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence.

To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won’t get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won’t be the league scoring leader, that’s a loss of control.

Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan.

Topic 2 （选题二）

Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn‘t I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mang o pickles whenever she asked?

As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn’t I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of?

My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle’s home in provincial Barddhaman — a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me — if my grades didn’t improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about “Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families”. There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was “over my dead body.” It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me — that is, if she loved me at all.

After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I’d shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She’d write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I’d call her from the United States and tell her all the things I’d been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she’d developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally — or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born.

My son’s birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn’t imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love — what was that all about?

Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I’d moved the extra bed into the baby’s room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.

Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” which comprises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”.Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）

奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的发展和进步。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦（Pieere de Couber tin）认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥林匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一只重要社会力量。

Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（20 points）

Topic 1（选题一）

近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来 20 年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展。

Topic 2（选题二）

移动电话正在成为 21 世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。

在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。

电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。

参考译文

Section 1: 英译汉（60分）

Part A （必译题）（30分）

《人类的进程》一书的提纲初稿是1969年7月完成的，影片的最后一部分是在1972年12月拍摄的。像这样大的一个项目，虽然异常精彩，令人激动，却并不是轻易上马的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我必须确保持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作；我还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。

二十年来，科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化：关注的焦点已经从自然科转移到生命科学。结果，便把科学越来越吸引到个体特征的研究上来。然而感兴趣的旁观者几乎没有意识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。我是一个研究数学的人，以前学过物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运，是它使我在一生中参与了两个启发性的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢，我编写了《人类的进程》一书，以表示我的感激之情。

英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程，以与克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。这些优点之中，我认为最后一点最为突出，它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不是如此。所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最淳朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人的产物，而不仅仅是头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体，那岂不是浪费！

Part B二选一题（30分）

选题一

[参考译文]

不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。从善意的角度说，我们想让迈克知道，我们仍然欣赏他，至少在我们的记忆中，他仍然是英雄。事实上，我们不想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔·乔丹。我们觉得这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。我们不想让他重返球场，因为没有人喜欢卖弄。失误呢？那将会很有趣。

但是我们是有着225年乐观历史的美国人，我们都是好心人。当乔丹几天前宣布他将在九月重返NBA时，我们曾为之一振。宣布的前一天，他说过：“我盼望能打球，并希望事情能如愿以偿。有些人怀疑，有些人紧张，都属正常。”《时代》周刊和美国有线新闻网上周做的一项民意调查表明，每两个美国人当中就有一个人希望乔丹尽快重返赛场。只有21%的人们认为，如果他的重返导致一场彻底失败，将会损害他的传奇。事实上只有28%的人认为运动员应该在他的运动巅峰时期引退。

与乔丹关系密切的人告诉《时代》周刊，当乔丹第一次谈到重返它与其他人共同拥有的华盛顿奇才队并为之效力时，一些他最信任的顾问试图私下打消他的愿望。“但他们说，如果试图阻止他，只能鉴定他的决心，”一位NBA 人士如是说。

乔丹复出所产生的问题不仅仅在于他不可能重现1998年的神话，那一年，他以一个精彩的最后一秒投篮，使球队赢得了冠军，也为自己赢得了第六只金指环。问题是他重返的动机——他需要人们的关注，需要在38岁体力不支时，仍然打球。这一切都有悖于他所创造的神话——一个展示绝对控制力的神话。如果说二十世纪的第一个球星巴比·鲁斯是一个身材魁梧肥胖的鲁莽之夫和酒鬼天才，乔丹则证明了刚毅所能带来的优雅风度，并以此结束了二十世纪。巴比对观众的颐指气使被乔丹无奈耸肩的魅力所取代。乔丹代表着成功，因为他的名字没有被他的政治倾

向、他的观点或是他的超级明星个性所玷污。乔丹迷就是典雅和自信迷。

明明知道加盟奇才队他将不可能进入联赛第二轮赛事，明明知道他将与联赛最佳投手无缘，他的重返赛场就是一种失控。

乔丹并不在乎我们在想什么。他的朋友说：他把所有奉劝他不要复出的文章都贴在冰箱上作为激励。那么，我们为什么还要喋喋不休地告诉他不要复出呢？他依然是迈克尔·乔丹。

选题二

[参考译文]

即使我长大些，不再适合做这样的游戏，不再对母亲说我爱她，我仍然相信自己是世上最好的女儿。难道不是吗？每当母亲吩咐，我不是总一路跑着到阳台去查看晒在那儿的腌芒果？

当我步入少年，我好像变成了一个更乖更可爱的女儿。难道不是吗？每天下午，当妈妈需要新的调料，我不是总放下手头的工作去街角的杂货店帮她买？

另一方面，我的母亲对我的爱却好像越来越少。有时她活像个巫婆，因为她威胁如果我的学习成绩还没有起色，就要把我送到远在巴哈马乡下的二叔家——这对于像我这样心高气奥德加尔各答女孩而言，将是比死亡更悲惨的命运。有时她又会让我坐着听她讲有关“带给家庭耻辱的女孩”的故事。显然一个人会面对许多变坏的可能，因此母亲决心让我对每个可能都保持警惕。基本上，她对我想做的每一件事都持反对意见，从去美国学习到烫头发。她的口头禅是“除非我死了”。很明显，我对母亲的爱远远超过了她对我的爱——如果她爱我的话。

当我结束了在美国的研究生学习并结了婚，我和母亲的关系改善了许多。虽然偶尔她还对我的当作家的选择表示怀疑，但总的来说她认为我做的事情还算不错。对于她我也这样认为。我们之间建立起一种循环：她从印度写信给我，告诉我各种趣闻，并寄来我最喜欢的腌芒果；我从美国打电话给她，告诉她我都忙了些什么事情，并寄去她最喜欢的香草布丁。我们的爱是对等的——至少在我的儿子阿南德出生前，我是这样认为的。

儿子的降生一下子打乱了我的平静、规律、有秩序的生活，使我措手不及。出院后的六周里，我一直被产后抑郁症的阴影包围着。当夜里我和我的丈夫抱着哭闹不止的儿子，走来走去哄他睡觉，我开始认真考虑是否要“撤退”。我怀疑自己是否适合做母亲。母爱——究竟是什么？

有一天清晨，我在为阿南德换尿布，他突然咧开没有牙的嘴，冲我笑起来。那一刻我在想，这个褐色的瘦弱的小东西毕竟还是很可爱的。之后事情就进展得很顺利了。不知不觉之间，我已在婴儿室里添了一张床并在很多天晚上睡在那儿，陪着我心爱的宝贝。

Section 2: 汉译英（40分）

Part A （必译题）（20分）

[参考译文]

The vitality and special appeal of the Olympic Games lie in the Olympic spirit, which is the soul of the soul of the Games. The goal of sports is to pursue comprehensive physical and mental development and, on the basis of this, to accelerate social progress. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympiad, considered sports a great undertaking of humanity. The goal of the Olympic Movement defined by him is to promote undertaking among different countries and cultures, maintain world peace and advance human civilization. This ideal has enabled the Olympic Games to thrive for more than a century. The Olympic Games have been a grand gathering of members of the Olympic family throughout the world, and the Olympic Movement has become a major social force to promote world peace, progress and development.

Part B二选一题（30分）

选题一

[参考译文]

In recent years, China‘s economy has maintained rapid development, injecting vigor into global economic growth. Facts have confirmed the prediction made by China before its WTO accession: China’s development cannot be sustained

without the world, and world development needs China. In the coming 20 years, China is bound to make historic contributions to global economic development and to the common progress of mankind, while building a well-off society in an all-round way. To achieve this, China will continue to expand foreign trade, energetically implement its west development strategy, further improve its investment environment, and provide overseas investors with greater business opportunities. Meanwhile, it will guide and support competitive enterprises to invest overseas and carry out diverse forms of economic and technological cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. China will further intensify bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation, so as to achieve common development in all countries and regions in the world.

选题二

[参考译文]

The cell phone is becoming one of the major technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, it will become a multi-functional communicator of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A new era of personal communication is on the way.

Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites. People can talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of computers. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new services that are available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, shopping and booking theater and airline tickets.

The telecommunication revolution is developing around the globe. It will soon be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device. A three-in-one phone is most likely. It can serve as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. Some experts even suggest that cell videophones could overtake television as the major source of visual information.

2004年11月二级笔译实务试题

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation （英译汉）（60 point ）

This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）

Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build.

Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts - areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life - are also found in the deep ocean.

These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems.

Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor.

Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishing industry. Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points ）

Topic 1 （选题一）

Most of the world's victims of AIDS live - and, at an alarming rate, die - in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS （UNAIDS ），the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.

AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa - where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away - within a few years after its emergence was established in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.

Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.

An important part of anti- AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.

Funds for anti- AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.

Topic 2 （选题二）

As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.

We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.

Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.

Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.

I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.

In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.

Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 - nine years ahead of the global target.

Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced HIPC （heavily indebted poor countries ）Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program （PEDP ）.

The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.

Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.

Section 2: Chinese- English Translation （汉译英）（40 point ）

This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（20 points ）

进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。世界多极化和经济全球化灾曲折中发展。科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应付的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。

当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。

Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（20 points ）

Topic 1 （选题一）

中国目前已经建成 1.9 万公里公路。自1990 年以来，中国每年都要新增3700 公里公路。到2020 年公路网将连接中国所有重要城市。中国公路里程将仅次于美国，达到55000 公里。

高速公路网将带来深远的影响。城市带将形成；人们的生活方式将会发生变化；枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。

许多国际开发商支持这种看法。世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。

在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。

Topic 2 （选题二）

长期以来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。在过去的几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。

为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。

传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其他机构也蓬勃开展。这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。

尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。一批新药已在亚洲各地接受试验。

参考译文

Section 1: 英译汉（60 分）

Part A （必译题）（30 分）

前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现660 多英尺，即200 米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。但与此同时，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年的一切毁灭。

例如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。

这些深海生态系统为鱼类和其它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，俄保护它们免遭大海流和猎食者的侵袭。此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探极脆弱的生态系统中。

当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时--如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。由于确定物种丰富地区的能路增强，由于拖网捕涝能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒入海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。

因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。如能赶紧采取措施防止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。这些好处将远远超过渔业短期内需承担的花费。

Part B 二选一题（30 分）

选题一

世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计，2003 年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到2660 万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。

艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。1981 年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来--当地人管它叫"瘦病"，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩；这场争论至今还远未结束。

整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。

在防治艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡"自愿就医检查"，这项活动，有的市政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医学研究也找到了一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。

"全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会"是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患者群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于2001 年发起成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。

选题二

作为一个最不发达国家的领导人，就切身体验而言，我认为贫穷是一个非常复杂的现象，战胜贫穷的方法也是多种多样的，而且在很大程度上取决于当地的情况，因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。

许多年来，我们吃过不少苦头。我们对各种不同的主张进行了试验。

然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份报告称，全世界应在2015 年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疟疾的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。现在我确信，要实现联合国于2000 年确定的各项新前年发展目标，必须要有一项全球协议。该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。

援助和贸易都是必要的，但光靠它们还是不够的。只靠善治也是不够的。事实上，没有地方社会力量的直接参与，任何事情都不可能取得进展。我担心的是我们说得太多。这可不是上策。

我想举一个例子来说名义向全球协议是怎么在坦桑尼亚运作，以实现普及基础教育的。

二十世纪九十年代中期，基础教育几乎各项指标都大幅下滑。毛入学率从八十年代初的98% 下降到2000 年的77.6% 。净入学率也从80% 以上下降到只有58.8% 。

随后发生了几件事情。最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项目，并通过了"小学教育五年发展计划"，规定于2006 年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。

善治使国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。2001 年，我们接受了世界银行为重债穷国进一步免除债务的安排。随后还有捐助者直接把钱划入我们的预算，或捐给小学教育发展计划设立的合作基金。

政府的政治决心从以下情况可以得到验证：五年来，国家预算中用于消除贫穷的部分增加了130% 。我们还取消了小学的学费。

此外，我们还保证所有涉及小学教育发展计划的项目都由地方来确定、规划、拥有、执行和评估。这就使得人们为自己的所作所为感到骄傲，感到光彩。小学教育发展计划只实行了两年，就取得了巨大的成功。

Section 2: 汉译英（40 分）

Part A （必译题）（20 分）

In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history.

At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the

financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring, quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development.

Part B 二选一题（30 分）

选题一

Up to now, China has built 19,000km of highways. Since 1990, some 3,700km of highways have been added each year. By 2020, highway networks will connect all major Chinese cities, and the total length of China's highways will be 55.000km, second only to that of the United States. The impact of highway networks will be huge. Urban belts will emerge; people's lifestyles will change; and the economic growth rate of interchange cities will surge, as the convenient transportation facilities will attract more investors.

Many international developers share this view. Both the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are lending heavily to support China's road expansion. They believe highway construction is vital for poverty alleviation. Since the late 1990s, the Asian Development Bank has reduced its road investment in China's economically developed eastern areas and shifted its focus to the relatively poor western region.

During its highway construction, China pays great attention to the building of feeder roads, as they can help smaller towns make full use of the development opportunities brought about by the construction of nearby trunk highways.

选题二

For a long time, Westerners have been skeptical about the efficacy of China's patent drugs made of medicinal herbs. In the past few years, traditional Chinese medicine has been subject to rigorous scientific scrutiny worldwide.

To prove and enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, China's mainland (the mainland of China) has poured huge amounts of money into hard research on this field. While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center.

Research into traditional cures is also blossoming at universities and other institutions outside Asia. These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines.

Although there are still differences between Western and traditional Chinese medicines in theory, some world-known pharmaceutical companies, taking interest in traditional Chinese medicine, have launched small research projects in China.

A number of new medicines have already undergone trials across Asia.

2005年5月二级笔译实务试题

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.

With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.

"With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen's cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.

But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river's main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.

A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.

In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants' less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.

"The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen's union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing."

Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) （30 points）

Topic 1 (选题一)

Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade-free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions-improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called "comparative advantage".

Here's a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it's more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.

By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower wage country also captures the advanced industry?

If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the

cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power.

"Free trade is not always a win-win situation," Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.

If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.

Topic 2 （选题二）

Uganda's eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren's smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.

Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.

Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.

Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.

Uganda's high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.

The government's newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the "restoration of security" at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.

The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.

Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（20 points）

矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。

中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。

中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。

Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（20 points）

Topic 1（选题一）

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】

2018全年CATTI二级笔译试题+解析

2018-11 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents –a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcano es could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还

2018年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

2018年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案 英译中 第一篇文章 Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins a Devotion to Learning. 走进破败的柬埔寨庙宇，感受学习的热情。 Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10000 hotel rooms. 每年，都有数以百万计的游客造访吴哥窟，以观赏当地古老的历史遗迹，而这个游客聚居之地，也一改往日偏僻村落的闲适之常态，一举成为一座经济发展呈迅猛之势的国际化城镇。一万间宾馆客房拔地而起，赋予游客激情四射的夜生活。 But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap which had no universities a decade ago is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education after the capital Phnom Penh. 但是，吴哥窟旅游业的爆棚式发展，也取得了某些意料之外的成果。十年前，暹粒还是一片学术的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已发展壮大成为柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心，高等院校规模仅次于首都金边。 The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides receptionists bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over they study finance English and accounting. 来自贫困稻农家的儿女们，一股脑地涌向暹粒。他们在这里要么做导游，要么从事接待工作；要么做调酒师，从事服务生的活计。每及轮班结束后，他们便会一头扎进金融、英语和会计的学习之中。 The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams. 暹粒设立的五所私立大学，正为改观当地的劳动人口推波助澜。老板们表示，员工的英语水平正在飞跃，接受高等教育的员工能表达自己的意愿，然后作出相应的决策，从而，也就容易在职场中脱颖而出。这一代学生本未对在高中毕业后继续深造寄予厚望，而现在，他们正在努力地完成繁重的学业，以期获得学位，追寻梦想。 Khim Borin a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun. 时年26岁的金?波林，白天做导游，晚上却是一名主修法律的学生。波林声称，他梦想成为一名律师。然而，在旅游的旺季，他每天都要爬上那令人晕眩的神庙台阶，且还不得不在热带阳光的炙烤下暴晒数个小时，这不免让他在晚间的课堂上心力交瘁。 But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan. 而在暹粒，工作与学习相得益彰，并无任何的总体规划。

CATTI 二级笔译历年真题以及答案2006至2017

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a911481977.html, CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案 英汉翻译八大注意事项 陈炳发全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员 有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。 一、数字 关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”，

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a911481977.html, 或“50百万”。对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”，可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”，可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”，可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文用汉字。例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为“二十四国委员会”，不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如：原文“quarter”，应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”，则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”，可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”，则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”，可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”，可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”，可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”，可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”，可译为“三十挂零”等等。 对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定，但对于翻译(水平)考试而言，掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述，诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类，阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。

CATTI二级笔译综合真题

Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend

CATTI翻译资格考试二级笔译综合能力及实务真题详解

2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题 Part1 Summary Writing 1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes) Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.” He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired. Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn’t want to set an example” that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you’re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal” has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as …. Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano’s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit” is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc. Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry’s or their community’s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn’t simply disciplined in his supervisor’s office and sent home. No, that’s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares. Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone’s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee’s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down. When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!” But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO. Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch’s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE’s great management thinker just wasn’t thinking big enough. This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes) 越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。返工的次数愈来愈多，时间也花得愈来愈多，结果却总是不满意。……例如句子的转弯抹角太生硬，色彩单调，说理强而描绘弱，处处都和我性格的缺陷与偏差有关。自然，我并不因此灰心，照样“知其不可为而为之”，不过要心情愉快也很难了。

2013CATTI二级笔译真题(打印版)

2013年上半年CATTI二级笔译真题 独家提供 Section1English-Chinese Translation(50points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese. Passage1 For more than a decade,archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in1998off Indonesia’s Belitung Island.The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea that it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late20th century. The dhow was carrying a rich cargo—60,000ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works—and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq.It has also revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia. “Shipwrecked:Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds”at the new,lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilizatons Museum here in Singapore and the Arthur M.Sackler Gallery in Washington,the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years. “This exhibitions tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,”said Julian Raby,Director of the Arthur M.Sackler Gallery.“It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune.It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed.There were two great export powers:the Tang in the East and Abbasid based in Baghdad.” Until the Belitung find,historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia,mainly on the Silk Road.Ancient recrods told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas,but no wrecks had been found,until the Belitung dhow.Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route,said Heidi Tan,a curator at the Asian Civilizations Museum

2015+-2016catti二笔真题英语二级笔译

2016.11 CATTI 英语二级笔译实务科目试题 E-C Passage 1 Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what‘s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple‘s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff. The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn‘t spend as much in a day as you‘re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that. So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn‘t it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you‘re likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life. With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you‘ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it? And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that‘s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it. In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won‘t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he‘ll just hate everyone i ndiscriminately. Passage 2 My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. ―How did it turn out?‖ I asked. ―He says he did great!‖ my son responded. ―He