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《落花生》英译文对比赏析-精品文档(精品文档)

《落花生》英译文对比赏析-精品文档(精品文档)
《落花生》英译文对比赏析-精品文档(精品文档)

《落花生》英译文对比赏析

【】The paper will compare and appreciate the two English versions―Peanuts written by Xu Dishan from the perspective of aesthetic process. The article will specifically appreciate these two English versions from these following three processes: cognition, process and reproduction. The translation of prose needs consideration of aesthetics and only in this way can the translators achieve an excellent likeness with the original text.

一、关于落花生

《落花生》是现代散文家许地山先生的杰作,发表于20世纪20年代,正是由于其“质朴淳厚、意境深远”,而被誉为现代散文的经典。《落花生》一文主要追忆作者年幼时,父亲以花生为榜样,来告诫子女做人真理。父亲的话对作者一生影响深远。这篇散文以叙事的方式,进行了独具匠心的表达,语言平实、简明精当,但意趣深远,寓理于物。本文从翻译美学理论之翻译审美过程来对《落花生》两个英译本进行对比赏析,分别

为张培基先生译本(以下简称“张译”),刘士聪先生译本(以下简称“刘译”),来领略散文英译的妙处。

二、关于翻译美学之翻译审美过程

1.认识。要想成功地传译原文所具备的美学信息,须对源语有深刻、彻底地认识。而这种认识既包括原文语言结构美,也包括风格、意境和文化内涵之美。总之,译文一定要与原文达到“神似”的境界。而这一过程具体就要求读者从语意、文字、词汇等一系列细小的层面去赏析译文是否达到神似。

2.加工。译者在认识过程中已获得原文的各种信息,接下来要做的就是对各种信息进行加工,即对词法、语法修辞等的优选,筛选和加工最佳词意,使译文能够最大限度地承载原文所含有的美学信息。

3.再现。再现是翻译审美过程的最后一个环节,实现再现的两个基本手法:模仿和重建。重建是一种高层次的再现手段,重建的优势是可以完全摆脱源语结构形式的束缚,做到“完全译语化”。

三、《落花生》英译本

1.母亲说:“让它荒芜着怪可惜,既然你们那么爱吃花生,就

辟来做花生园罢”。

张培基:Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not have them planted here.”

刘士聪:“ It’s a pity to let it lie waste like that, ” Mother said, “ Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.”

原文前半句通俗易懂,且非常口语化,两个译文的译者都用了重建的手法,照顾到了英文的表达习惯,用it

作形式主义,采用了“It’s a pity to

do”这样地道的英文表达习惯,同时也兼顾原文所具有的朴实风格,选词方面没有用很花俏的词,“pity”和“waste”两个词足够承载原文所要传递的朴实的美学信息。后半句的翻译,张之译本 “why not” 和刘之译本 “let us”

都采用了表建议性的英文句型,但翻看词典的意思,我们知道“let us”语气过于平淡,基本上不含商量的语气,而张译“why

not”更符合母亲对孩子说话时那种既含商量又亲和的文体风格。

2.买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园。张培基:We

started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.

刘士聪:And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig the ground and others watered it.

张的译文直接选用同一主语“we”,并未体现出分工合作;相比较下,刘的译文则通过“some…some…others…”体现出了有序分工,忠实了原文的信息。但在动态效果呈现方面,张译借助动名词:buying,ploughing和watering,将动态画面呈现。刘译,因在认识理解上的偏差,未达到“优选模仿”。再来看张译和刘译就“动土”这个词的英文选择:plough和dig。翻译审美过程:加工主要体现的在形式美(词语、句子、语篇等)和非形式美(情志、意象等)。译者和原文作者生活文化背景差异不大,两位译者准确把握原文要传达的非形式美不难,在此主要对比“动土”的形式美。张译:plough: move in a way resembling that of a plow cutting into or going through the soil;刘译:dig: turn up, loosen, or remove earth( according to oxford dictionary―6th edition),dig更忠的传递了原文词语的内涵义。

3.那天晚上天色不太好,可爹爹也到来,实在难得!张培基:I t looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless.

刘士聪:The weather was not very good that night,but to our great delight, Dad came all the same.

“天色不大好”是地道的口语,从表面上看,似乎刘的译文更符合原文的意思:天气不太好,并没有说就是要下雨。但我们知道“it looked like

rain”才是地道的英文表达,张的这种“编译”对目的语读者来说,做到了“完全译语化”。“可爹爹也到来”,初看下,两个译文都与原文不符,但是我们仔细品读原文。“实在难得”四字所承载的信息很大,不仅表现出父亲难得与我们相聚,同时也暗含了作者对父亲抽空参加我们的花生聚会的喜悦之情。经过非形式美(情感信息)的分析,张译和刘译在选词上都处理的很好。

4.无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃,都喜欢吃它。张培基:“Peanuts are so cheap, ” said I, “ that everyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favorite.

刘士聪:“It is inexpensive, ” I said with confidence. “Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.”

汉语习惯主动句,英语习惯被动句。原文原本是一句话,两个译本都将其拆分开来,分译为两句话。但我们可以看出,两句话,张译都用了peanuts做主语,做到了连贯性。此外,英语被动句陈述事实,张译用花生做主语,说明花生优点是客观事实,不是凭主观喜好随意添加上去的。加工过程上,张的语言功力更好,重建层面上,也更符合英语句式的常规表达习惯。

5.我们谈到夜阑才散,所有的花生食品虽然没有了,然后父亲的话现在还印在我的心板上。张培基:We kept chanting

until the party broke up late at night. Today, thought nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts,Father’s words remain engraved in my mind.

刘士聪:We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But Father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.

首先分析原文涵?x,此处“所有的花生食品虽然没有了……”,是说那天晚上花生食品已吃完,如今对花生食品记忆基本上没有了,反而是父亲关于花生的话镌刻在作者心底。原文实际包含两层意思:花生食品吃完;父亲的话留在心底。张译注重的是传译更深层次涵义:父亲的话无论时间如何流逝,都深深地的印在了作者脑海中。

四、总结

《落花生》这篇文章短小精悍,文字朴实,但所传达的理却真切。两个译本在翻译时都做到了言简意赅与朴实无华,但通过上面几个句子的赏析,我们还是可以看出,在翻译审美过程中,张培基先生的译文在综合层面上相对来说比刘士聪先生译文要好些。通过翻译审美理论之翻译审美过程,对散文《落花生》译本赏析,从中可以学到:“认识,加工与再现过程复杂多变,不是一蹴而就的。”作为译者要对整个过程进行反复的研究与琢磨,以此译出上层之作品。

小学古诗《静夜思》注释及译文

静夜思 唐代:李白 床前明月光,疑是地上霜。 举头望明月,低头思故乡。 注释 静夜思:静静的夜里,产生的思绪。 床:今传五种说法。 一指井台。已经有学者撰文考证过。中国教育家协会理事程实将考证结果写成论文发表在刊物上,还和好友创作了《诗意图》。 二指井栏。从考古发现来看,中国最早的水井是木结构水井。古代井栏有数米高,成方框形围住井口,防止人跌入井内,这方框形既像四堵墙,又像古代的床。因此古代井栏又叫银床,说明井和床有关系,其关系的发生则是由于两者在形状上的相似和功能上的类同。古代井栏专门有一个字来指称,即“韩”字。《说文》释“韩”为“井垣也”,即井墙之意。 三“床”即“窗”的通假字。本诗中的‘床’字,是争论和异议的焦点。我们可以做一下基本推理。本诗的写作背景是在一个明月夜,很可能是月圆前后,作者由看到月光,再看到明月,又引起思乡之情。既然作者抬头看到了明月,那么作者不可能身处室内,在室内随便一抬头,是看不到月亮的。因此我们断定,‘床’是室外的一件物什,

至于具体是什么,很难考证。从意义上讲,‘床’可能与‘窗’通假,而且在窗户前面是可能看到月亮的。但是,参照宋代版本,‘举头望山月’,便可证实作者所言乃是室外的月亮。从时间上讲,宋代版本比明代版本在对作者原意的忠诚度上,更加可靠。 四取本义,即坐卧的器具,《诗经·小雅·斯干》有“载寐之牀”,《易·剥牀·王犊注》亦有“在下而安者也。”之说,讲得即是卧具。 五马未都等认为,床应解释为胡床。胡床,亦称“交床”、“交椅”、“绳床”。古时一种可以折叠的轻便坐具,马扎功能类似小板凳,但人所坐的面非木板,而是可卷折的布或类似物,两边腿可合起来。现代人常为古代文献中或诗词中的“胡床”或“床”所误。至迟在唐时,“床”仍然是“胡床”(即马扎,一种坐具)。 疑:好像。 举头:抬头。

英语汉译英翻译

Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力,集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

英语翻译答案

汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈,通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识,社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰,因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫,又称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富,而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来,故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次,随着旅游业的繁荣,游客人数有增无减,可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台(CCTV)每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播,这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来,它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目,《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解(1) I.英汉之间的差别: “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是:汉语是综合性的,描写性的,而英语是分析性的,逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis),英语重形合(形式上的融合),汉语重意合(意思或意境的融合)。在句法方面,有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种: 1.雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来,开门见山,一语破的,然后再把各种标志一条条补述,一步步交代,慢条斯理,从容不迫,形成一条头短尾长地线性链,象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反,其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛,先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到,最后点出话语的信息中心,水到渠成,给人以豁然开朗之感,形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如:The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛). 译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2.葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构,葡萄主干很短,其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短,一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述,逐步展开,内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开,常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美,一头乌黑亮丽的长发,一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红,宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3.多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰,共有一个主语或宾语,或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词,两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词,这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上,我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4.也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点,从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹,不执着于形式结构的规范,中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象,深邃和疏放的取向,由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放,系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱,主谓宾没有形式标定,主谓间关系松散,宾语无定格,无定位,主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言,那么,英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在,英语则必须将逻辑外化,化作种种行合的标记,化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严,理性十足;英语形式逻辑缜密,滴水不漏。 5.汉语是一种意境语言,一种艺术语言。寥寥数词,就能出意境,出氛围,出画面。

李白《静夜思》“举头望明月,低头思故乡”全诗翻译赏析

李白《静夜思》“举头望明月,低头思故乡” 全诗翻译赏析 《静夜思》是伟大诗人李白的作品,表达的是思乡之情。这首诗虽然只有区区二十个字,但就流传非常广泛,它几乎是全世界华人耳熟能详的一首名篇。 静夜思 李白 床前明月光,疑是地上霜。 举头望明月,低头思故乡。 【注释】 1、举:抬。 ①夜思:一作“静夜思”。郭茂倩(qian欠)把它编入《乐府集·新乐府辞》,并说:“新乐府者,皆唐世之新歌也。以其辞实乐府,而未尝被于声,故曰新乐府也。”

②明月光:明亮的月光。 (3)举头:抬头。望明月:一作“望山月”。晋《清商曲辞·子夜四时歌·秋歌》:“仰头看明月,寄情千里光。” (4)低头:形容沉思的神态。思:思念。 【韵义】 皎洁的月光洒到床前, 迷离中疑是秋霜一片。 仰头观看明月呵明月, 低头乡思连翩呵连翩。 [诗文解释] 那透过窗户映照在床前的月光,起初以为是一层层的白霜。仰首看那空中的一轮明月,不由得低下头来沉思,愈加想念自己的故乡。创作背景 李白《静夜思》一诗的写作时间是公元726年(唐玄宗开元之治十四年)旧历九月十五日左右。李白时年26岁,写作地点在当时扬州旅舍。其《秋夕旅怀》诗当为《静夜思》的续篇,亦同时同地所作。李白在一个月明星稀的夜晚,诗人抬望天空一轮皓月,思乡之情油然而生,写下了这首传诵千古、中外皆知的名诗《静夜思》。 【评析】 这是写远客思乡之情的诗,诗以明白如话的语言雕琢出明静醉人的秋夜的意境。它不追求想象的新颖奇特,也摒弃了辞藻的精工华美;它以清新朴素的笔触,抒写了丰富深曲的内容。境是境,情是情,那

么逼真,那么动人,百读不厌,耐人寻绎。无怪乎有人赞它是“妙绝古今”。李白的这首思乡之作,被称为“千古思乡第一诗”,感动了古今无数他乡流落之人。 诗的起句,“床前明月光”,可谓平实朴素之极,以此清静之景来衬出诗人的寂寞孤单。这首诗在写法上,能注意心理刻画和行动举止描写相结合,第二句中,一个“疑”字点出诗人的内心深处迷离之因。由于是似睡非睡,似醒非醒,因此很容易产生错觉。这是诗人极写思乡之切,因而才情思恍惚,眼目迷离。后两句诗人从沉思中转而清醒过来,便是一“举头”,再一“低头”。为何要“举头”?因为诗人后来既然已醒悟到地上应是月光而不是白霜,所以就产生了无穷的遐想,这就是“仰头看明月,寄情千里光”之类的古人有关月光传情的诗句所表述的思亲之情。他感到光看地上的月光还不足以寄托自己的情思,因而便“举头”仰望,这样便可看得更加真切一些,清晰一些,似乎要从这明月里寻找家人从远方寄送来的美好祝愿。仰望既久,思念愈深,诗人便又转而“低头”了。为何还要“低头”呢?这是因为虽久久仰望,甚至望眼欲穿,依旧不能从明月那里得到一份慰藉,无奈之中,只得低头沉思不语了。以无情言情则情出,从无意写有意则意真。于是,诗人将对故乡的思念,化为寄情明月之举,头上的明月,心中的故乡,真是别有一番滋味在心头!

汉译英答案3

汉英语篇翻译练习答案: 1.Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. (选自《英语世界》2004年第三期,张培基译)

英汉翻译评析

评:在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色”中,译者将“百媚”翻 译为“ full of grace ” ,在此处应取“ eleganee and beauty of movement expression , a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements unparalleled grace ”这一义,我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字,这种美是无 人能比的,以至于六宫粉黛无颜色,所以在翻译之时,可以把这种媚翻译成魅 力,而且是“百媚”,此处“百”又不是真的“ hundred ”,而是一种“ end beauty, end of charm ”。 评:最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬,感觉没有体现中国古典文 化中六宫的含义。同时fairest face 也太过于字面化,没有什么美感。回眸直 接翻译为turning her head 也是过于直接,体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美。 or of of 评:第二句杨家有女初长成中, womanhood just grow ,womanhood 略感多余,前面已经用 了 maiden ,意透露性别信息,无需再次强调女性身份,第三句中天生丽质难自弃,用 en dowed with n atural beauty, en dow 之嫌,一朝选在君王侧翻作 selected for the mon arch' 妃,回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色有承接关系,觉得, 已有天生具有的意思,再用 natural 强调原生有语义赘余 s side,太过直译,可以意译为入宫为 that 放入前半句更好, that she turns her head, with a sweet and grace smile 。 评:诗歌标题“长恨歌”并非表达一种真正的恨意和痛苦, 的遗憾和悔恨。“ regret ”正好有“悔恨,遗憾”之意,“ 而是指唐明皇和杨贵妃无法长相厮守 everlasting ”正好表达岀了长久的意 味。许渊冲的翻译避免了直接翻译的直白, 又恰到好处地将两人无法长相厮守的遗憾表达得淋漓 尽致,十分贴切。 《长恨歌》翻译评析 长恨歌 许渊冲译 The Everlast ing Regret 汉皇重色思倾国,御宇多年求不得。 The beauty-lovi ng mon arch Ion ged year after year To find a beautiful lady without peer. 杨家有女初长成,养在深闺人未识。 A maide n of the Yan gs* to woma nhood just grow n. In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown. 天生丽质难自弃,一朝选在君王侧。 En dowed with n atural beauty too hard to hide, One day she stood selected for the mon arch ' s side. 回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色。 Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace That she outsh one in six palaces the fairest face.

《静夜思》赏析

静夜思古诗赏析 【注释】 ①床:指井台。(对于床的解释有争议,见下) ②疑:怀疑,以为。 ③举头:抬头。 ④静夜思:宁静的夜晚所引起的乡思。 【译文】 那透过窗户映照在床前的月光,起初以为是一层层的白霜。仰首看那空中的一轮明月,不由得低下头来沉思,愈加想念自己的故乡。 【赏析】 平淡的语言娓娓道来,如清水芙蓉,不带半点修饰。完全是信手拈来,没有任何矫揉造作之痕,正是平平淡淡才是真。本诗从“疑”到“举头”,从“举头”到“低头”,形象地表现了诗人的心理活动过程,一幅鲜明的月夜思乡图生动地呈现在我们面前。 客居他乡的游子,面对如霜的秋月怎能不想念故乡、不想念亲人呢?如此一个千人吟、万人唱的主题却在这首小诗中表现得淋漓尽致,以致千年以来脍炙人口,流传不衰! 关于“床”的释义:

1)指井台。参考资料:《新课堂作文》。已经有学者撰文考证过。退休教师重解李白“床前明月光”,中国教育家协会理事程实将考证结果写成论文发表在刊物上,还和好友创作了《<静夜思>诗意图》。 2)魏明伦表示,《静夜思》家喻户晓,但研究者对这首诗却一直争论不休,焦点就集中在“床前明月光”的“床”上。有的认为“床”应作坐具解释,有的认为“床”应作睡眠之床,学者认为“床”应作井栏解。其实,《静夜思》中的“床”确为井栏,而且“井”这一民俗意象是全诗的核心意象。从考古发现来看,中国最早的水井是木结构水井。古代井栏有数米高,成方框形围住井口,防止人跌入井内,这方框形既像四堵墙,又像古代的床。因此古代井栏又叫银床,说明井和床有关系,其关系的发生则是由于两者在形状上的相似和功能上的类同。古代井栏专门有一个字来指称,即“ 韩”字。《说文》释“韩”为“井垣也”,即井墙之意。 3)“床”即“窗”的通假字 4)驳以上观点床之本义即坐卧的器具,《诗经·小雅·斯干》有“载寐之牀”,《易·剥牀·王犊注》亦有“在下而安者也。”之说,讲得即是卧具。 5)马未都先生提出观点:床应解释为胡床。胡床亦称“交床”、“交椅”、“绳床”。古时一种可以折叠的

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤: 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有 漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧: 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则: (1)选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”:audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已 成问题,即失业问题) “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内) (2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. (3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案

1. 她连水都不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释?(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女,她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说,但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手,在他外出时,由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验,也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题,那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同,他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮,但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高,但是她身材瘦,给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫,能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目,我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊:他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色,我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信,给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事,总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足,加上地面潮湿,使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金,他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦,他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样,身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时,他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是,他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是,不管是好是坏,随着新科技的进步,世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7

英汉翻译评析(答案)

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