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考研英语长难句精析03

考研英语长难句精析03
考研英语长难句精析03

12.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

[句子主干] Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…

[语法难点] 有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语,修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ,所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句,而是与之并列的结构。

[句子翻译] 依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强,用量越来越大才能达到预期效果,一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

[翻译技巧] 有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了,其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。

13.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…

[语法难点] 该句没有从句结构,而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。

[句子翻译] 但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构,但是由于句子太长,有众多的修饰成分,所以建议还是拆为两句较好。

14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.

[句子主干] Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[语法难点] 有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句,省略了which was。Before 后面的成分是对全句的补充说明,是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首,也可以置句末,并无定规。之所以用rising,是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was,这样显得简洁得多。

[句子翻译] 七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年来最低水平,今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%,比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。

[翻译技巧] the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to 是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

[句子主干] Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[语法难点] 主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注,现在也在关注,是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

[句子翻译] 特别让经济学家感到诧异的是,英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果,因为传统的分析方法表明,两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

[翻译技巧] favorable表示的是“非常好的”,不是“非常喜欢的”,与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。

16.Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.

[句子主干] Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…

[语法难点] 有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单,而because引导的原因状语从句中,又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中,主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰,而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。

[句子翻译] 事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。

[翻译技巧] agree为“约定的”意思,agreed account直译为“约定的看法”,意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外,将不定代词具体化,也更符合汉语习惯。

17.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

[句子主干] Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…

[语法难点] 该句仍为主从复合句That引导的宾语从句中,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。

[句子翻译] 有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在社会契约中,是责任与利益相交换的一部分。

[翻译技巧] 要正确选择contract的词义,不要译成从此“收缩,缩小”Argue不要译成“争论”,而要灵活处理成“论证说”。

18.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.

[句子主干] It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…

[语法难点] 有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分,后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句中,主语是animals,谓语是should be treated,either… or…引导两个介词短语作状语,either引导的介词短语中,humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。

[句子翻译]

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。

[翻译技巧] it 的所指要明确。leads thediscussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”,at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句,更合乎汉语习惯。

历年考研英语真题长难句解析

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