金融术语
央行术语
咨询轧差（advisory netting)：见状态轧差。
受保支付系统(assured payment system)(APS)：一种价值交换系统中的协议其中，及时完成一笔支付指令的结算，需要第三方(主要是银行、银行辛迪加或者清算所)不可撤销的和无条件的承诺支持。参见价值交换结算系统。
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自动化清算所(automated clearing house)(ACH)：? 一种电子清算系统，在系统中支付指令，主要借助磁介质或者通过电信网络在金融机构之间进行交换并由数据处理中心处理。参见清算。
自动柜员机(automated teller machine)(ATM)：? 一种可以让已授权的用户，主要利用机器可读的塑料卡，从其帐户提取现金并可向用户提供不同种类的其他服务诸如余额查询、资金转帐和接收存款的机电设备。ATM可以以联机实时查询授权数据库或者脱机两种方式运行。
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银行汇票(bank draft)：? 在欧洲，该术语通常指一种由银行自身兑付的票据。银行汇票由付方在银行购买并发送给收方，收方提交银行汇票给收方的开户银行，收方的开户银行对收方支付。收方的开户银行再提交银行汇票给付方银行并由付方银行偿付。在美国，该术语通常指由银行自身或者从其他银行兑付的汇票或者支票。在银行本票中，银行既是出票人又是受票人。在银行柜员支票中，一家银行是出票人，另一家银行是受票人。银行汇票可能由银行按其自己的目的签发或者由客户购买并发送给收款人以清偿债。
批处理(batch)：? 一组支付指令和(或)证券转让指令以一个集合在处理点以不连续的时间间隔发送或处理。
受益所有权／权益(beneficial ownership/interest)：? 接收证券或其他金融票据的部分或全部所有权权益的权利(如收入、选举、转帐权)。受益所有权通常区别于证券或金融票据的法定所有权。参见法定所有权。
双边轧差结算系统(bilateral net settlement system)：? 它是一种结算系统，其参与者的双边轧差结算余额是在每对参与者之间进行结算的。参见净贷记和借记余额。
双边轧差(bilateral netting)：? 双方之间对其双边债务进行轧差的协议。协议包含的债务可能产生于金融合同或转帐交易或者同时产生于两者。参见轧差，多边轧差，净额结算。
汇票(bill of exchange)：? 一种由出票人提交给受票人的书面票据，它要求受票人对出票人或出票人指定的人随时或在规定的日期支付一笔特定的数额。广泛用于金融交易和(当在银行贴现时)获得信用。参见个人汇票。
簿记系统(book entry system)：? 一种在没有票据或者证券实物移动的情况下，能够进行债权(即证券)转让的记帐系统。参见无形化，停止流通。
批量转帐系统(bulk transfer system)：? 见零售转帐系统。
活期借款(call money)：? 是一种借款合同，该合同每天都被自动地重新续约，除非放款人或借款人表示希望资金在短时期内归还。
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资本风险(capital risk)：? 见本金风险。
最高限额(caps)：? 出于风险管理的目的，在营业日内对资金转帐或证券转让系统中的参与者可以发生的余额(借记或贷记余，它可能是净额或者全额)约定的量化限额。最高限额可以由参与者根据他向系统中的其他参与者提供的双边信用来确定，即双边信用限额，或者由系统的经营者或管理转帐系统的机构在汇总一个参与者在系统中可能发生的净借记基础上确定，即发送方的净借记限额。发送方的净借记限额，既可是有抵押的也可以是没有抵押的。
卡(card)：? 见提款卡、支票保付卡、芯片卡、信用卡、借记卡、延迟借记卡、预付卡、零售卡和旅行娱乐卡。
提款卡(cash card)：? 只在ATM或自动提款机上使用的卡(通常，其他的卡也有提款功能，它允许持卡人提取现金)。
自动提款机(cash dispenser)：? 允许客户，主要利用机器可读的塑料卡提取纸币，和在一些情况中也可提取硬币的电子机械设备。参见ATM。
本票(casher’s cheque)：? 见银行汇票。
中央银行信用(流动性)贷款(central bank credit (liquility)
facility)：可由某些指定的中央银行帐户持有者(如银行)提用的常设的信用贷款。在一些情况中，开户人可主动使用贷款，而在另一些情况中，中央银行可能保留一定程度的决定权。借贷一般在往来帐户中以借款或者以证券抵押担保的透支形式(在一些欧洲国家也叫银行家借贷)或者以传统的票据再贴现形式出现。
中央证券托管(central security depository)：? 一种保管证券的服务，它使得证券的交易可以由簿记系统进行处理。实物证券可以固定地由托管机构保管而不进行实物交割，或是实现证券的无形化(即证券都是以电子记录的形式存在)。除了保管以外，中央证券托管可能还包含撮合、清算和结算功能。
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凭证(certificate)：? 表明发行者债权、债务或其他未清偿金融债务的实物票据。
链(chaining)：? 在一些转帐系统中(主要是证券系统)用于处理交易指令的方法。该方法包括对处理转帐交易队列的控制(操纵)，以增加用可用资金和(或)证券往来余额(或可用信用和证券借贷额度)结算的转帐交易的数量和金额。
赊帐卡(charge card)：? 见旅行娱乐卡。
支票(cheque)：? 一种由出票人提交给受票人(通常是银行)的书面票据，它需要受票人对出票人或出票人所指定的人随时支付一笔特定的数额。广泛用于清偿债务和从银行提取现金。参见汇票。
支票保付卡(chque guarantee card)：? 作为支票担保制度的一部分而发行的卡。这一功能也可和其他的功能，如提款卡或借记卡的功能结合在同一张卡中。参见支票保付制。
支票保付制(cheque guarantee system)：? 一种对支票，主要是一定限额以内的支票进行担保的制度，商户既可根据对支票鉴发人发行的卡也可能通过商户可以访问的中央数据库确认。确认后的支票由保付卡的发行者、付款人的开户行或者系统的经营者担保。
片卡(chip card)：? 也称IC(集成电路)卡或者智能卡。在一张卡中包括用于识别、数据存储或特殊处理的一个或多个计算机芯片或集成电路，通常用于确认个人识别码(PIN)、购买授权、修改帐户余额和存储个人档案。在一些情况中，当卡使用一次，卡的存储器就被更新一次，如更新帐户余额。
清算／票据交换(clearing/clearance)：? 清算是结算之前对支付指令或者证券转让指令进行发送、对帐和确认(在一些情况中)等处理，还可能包括指令轧差和产生结算的最终余额。在证券市场中，这一过程常常是指票据交换(clearance)。有时该术语包括(不准确)结算。
清算所(clearing house)：? 金融机构交换支付指令或者其他金融债务(即证券)的一个中心地点或者一种中央处理机制。金融机构根据清算所的章程和办法在指定的时间交换要结算的凭证。在一些情况中，清算所可能作为清算系统的重要订约方，或承担清算系统的金融或风险管理的责任。参见清算／票据交换，清算系统。
清算所资金(clearing house funds)：? 该术语广泛用于美国某些金融市场，主要是指在接收日是临时的而在次日是确定的资金。更特别地是，该词常常是指一些的清算所协定中，在结算清算处理中产生的债务时，由参与者交换的具有次日最终性的货币债权。这种债权主要通过支票、汇票或其他类似的支付工具进行转帐。
清算系统(clearing system)：? 金融机构在同一地点(清算所)向其他的金融机构提交并与其他金融机构交换与资金或转帐证券转让相关的数据和(或)文件的一套做法。这种做法经常也包含计算参与者的双边和/或多边轧差余额的机制，目的是便于在轧差或者净轧差的基础上进行金融机构之间债务的结算。参见轧差。
比较(comparison)：? 见撮合。
确认(confirmation)：? 这一广泛使用的术语的特定内涵是市场参与者通知其订约方或者客户有关交易的详情，主要是让他们有时间对交易进行批准和询问。
代理银行(correspondent banking)：? 一家银行(代理)拥有其他银行(委托人)存款并对那些委托银行提供支付和其他服务的一种协议。在一些国家中，这种协议也可称为代理关系。在国际金融中，为外国委托银行保存的余额可以用来结算外汇交易。相互代理的银行关系可能涉及到利用所谓的往来帐户来结算外汇交易。
订约方(counterparty)：? 一笔金融交易，诸如证券交易或外汇掉期协议中的对应方。
信用最高限额(credit caps)：? 见最高限额。
信用卡(credit card)：? 一种表明持卡人有一定信用额度的卡。它使得持卡人能够在预定的最高限额内进行购买活动，还能够提取现金；提供的信用可以在规定日期末一次付清，或者只偿付一部分，同时保留部分延期信用余额。任何延期的信用都要计息并且持卡人有时要交纳一笔年度费用。
信用卡公司(credit card company)：? 拥有特定信用卡商标的公司，并且也可能对利用卡服务的成员提供一系列的市场、处理或其他服务。
信用风险(credit risk/exposure)：? 交易中的订约方既不能在法定的时间内，也不能在法定时间以后的任何时间里全额结算其债务时所构成的风险。在价值交换系统中，信用风险通常定义包括重置成本风险和本金风险。
信用转帐(credit transfer)：? 为把资金转给受益人由其使用支配而发出的一笔或者一个序列的支付指令。支付指令及指令中所规定的资金都从付款人／发起者的开户行移交到受益人的开户行，这中间可能要通过若干家作为中介的其他银行，并有可能通过不止一个信用转帐系统来完成。
信用转帐系统(或直接转帐系统)(credit transfer system or giro system)：一种通过发送支付指令及指令中所记述的资金来实现信用转帐目的的系统。
跨国货币结算风险(或赫思塔特风险)(cross currency settlement risk or Herstatt risk)：? 见本金风险。
保管(custody)：? 为其他人保存和管理证券和金融工具。
日间信用(或日间透支、日间风险、日内信用)(daylight credit or daylight overdraft,
daylight exposure, intraday credit) ：? 一个营业日以内的信用；在日终结算的信用转帐系统中，假定接收了支付指令的机构接收了支付指令并且即使这家机构在营业日结算前不能收到最终资金也按指令的要求行动的话，它就在实事上心照不宣地提供了日间信贷。
借记最高限额(debit caps)：? 见最高限额。
借记卡(debit card)：? 使持卡人能够直接地从他在吸收存款的机构中开立的帐户对其购买活动进行付款的卡(有时还可能结合有其他的功能，例如具有提款卡或支票保付卡的功能)。
借记转帐系统(或借记托收系统)(debit transfer system or debit collection system)：? 它是一种资金转帐系统，其中由付款人生成的或者授权的借记托收指令从收款行转发到付款行并对付款人的帐户扣帐(借记)；例如，支票的转帐系统都是典型的借记转帐系统。
丧失清偿能力(default)：? 出于银行倒闭而非技术或临时性的原因，造成不能根据其合同条款完成资金转帐或证券转让的行为。丧失清偿能力通常用来区分“失效交易”。
延迟借记卡(delayed debit card)：? 它是由银行发行的卡，持卡人可以在一定的已授权限额内赊支其帐户。它让持卡人能够进行购买活动而不需增加其帐户的信用，发生的债务总额必须在一个特定的日期结算。持卡人通常要交纳一笔年度费用。
删除(deletion)：? 一种机制，借此一些或全部发送给丧失清偿能力的参与者和由其提交的转帐指令都从结算进程中排除掉；在轧差机制中，其他参与者的双边、或多边轧差余额、或两者都要重新计算。参见解退。
交割(delivery)：? 证券或金融工具的最终转让。
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付款交割方式(或DVP)(delivery versus payment system or DVP, delivery
against payment)：? 在价值交换结算系统中的一种机制，确保他方在并且
仅在他方的资产最终转让发生的同时发生本方的资产最终转让。资产可能包括货
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高盛财经词典- 汉英对照T-Z
Tombstone Tombstone A situation in which one participant's gains
result only from another participant's equivalent
losses. The net change is always 0.
摊薄后每股盈利Diluted
Earnings Per
Share The earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised.
摊薄、减损Dilution A reduction in earnings per share of common stock.
Dilution occurs through the issuance of additional
shares of common stock or the conversion of
convertible securities.
摊销Amortization The paying off of debt in regular installments over
a period of time.
The deduction of capital expenses over a specific
period of time. Similar to depreciation, it is a
method of measuring the "consumption" of the value
of long-term assets like equipment or buildings.
弹性Elasticity A measure of sensitivity of one variable to
another. More specifically, the degree to which
consumers respond to price changes.
% Change in Quantity
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
% Change in Price
套汇Arbitrage The simultaneous purchase and selling of a
security in order to profit from a differential in
the price. This usually takes place on different
exchanges or marketplaces.?
套汇定价理论Arbitrage
Pricing Theory
(APT) An alternative to the CAPM, APT differs in its assumptions and explanation of risk factors associated with the risk of an asset.
套汇交易理论Arbitrage
Trading Program
(ATP) A program used to simultaneously place orders for stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market
Arbitrage).
套汇交易理论ATP A program used to simultaneously place orders for
stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The
ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market
Arbitrage).
套汇债券Arbitrage Bond A lower-rate debt security issued by a
municipality prior to the call date of the
municipality's existing higher-rate security.
套现、货币化Monetize 1.To convert into money.
2.To convert from securities into currency
that can be used to purchase goods and
services.
特殊风险Specific Risk Risk that affects a very small number of assets.
This is sometimes referred to as "unsystematic
risk."
特殊功能公司SPV 1.Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote
entity" whose operations are limited to the
acquisition and financing of specific
assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary
company with an asset/liability structure
and legal status that makes its obligations
secure even if the parent company goes
bankrupt.
2. A subsidiary corporation designed to serve
as a counterparty for swaps and other credit
sensitive derivative instruments. Also
called a "derivatives product company."
特殊功能公司Special Purpose
Vehicle 1.Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote
entity" whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific
assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary
company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes
bankrupt.
2. A subsidiary corporation designed to serve
as a counterparty for swaps and other credit sensitive derivative instruments. Also
called a "derivatives product company."
特殊项目Exceptional
Item Charges incurred that must be noted upon a company's balance sheet according to GAAP principles. Even though these are considered to be a part of ordinary business charges, due to their sheer size or frequency, they must be accordingly disclosed.
特许协议Concession
Agreement A right granted by a government to a corporation. It specifies rules under which the company can operate locally.
提高平均价格Average Up The process of buying additional shares in a
company at higher prices than you originally
purchased. This brings the average price you've
paid for all your shares up.
天使投资者Angel Investor A financial backer providing venture capital funds
for small startups or entrepreneurs.
天灾债券Act of God Bond A bond issued by an insurance company, linking
principal and interest to the company's losses due
to natural disasters.
条例A Regulation A An SEC regulation that governs offerings of
$5,000,000 or less, which qualify for simplified
registration (an exemption).
条例D Regulation D An SEC regulation that governs private placement
exemption when there is no investment banker
involved.
条例FD Regulation FD
(Reg FD) A rule passed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in an effort to prevent selective disclosure by public companies to market professionals and certain shareholders.
The Reg FD rule reads as follows:
"Whenever an issuer, or any person acting on its behalf, discloses any material nonpublic information regarding that issuer or its securities to [certain enumerated persons], the issuer shall make public disclosure of that information... simultaneously, in the case of an intentional disclosure; and... promptly, in the case of a non-intentional disclosure."
条例G Regulation G The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs
the extension of credit for securities
transactions by commercial lenders and
non-financial corporations.
条例M Regulation M An IRS regulation that allows regulated investment
companies to pass taxes from capital gains,
dividends, and interest distributions onto
individual investors.
条例Q Regulation Q A Federal Reserve Board regulation that limits the
interest rate banks can pay on savings deposits.
条例T Regulation T The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs
customer cash accounts and the amount of credit
that brokerage firms and dealers may extend to
customers for the purchase of securities.
条款书Term Sheet A non-binding agreement setting forth the basic
terms and conditions under which an investment
will be made.
条例U Regulation U The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs
loans by banks for the purchase of securities.
贴现窗Discount Window The location at the Federal Reserve where
financial institutions go to borrow money at the
discount rate.
贴现率、折让率Discount Rate 1.The interest rate that an eligible
depository institution is charged to borrow
short term funds directly from a Federal
Reserve Bank.
2.The interest rate used in determining the
present value of future cash flows.
贴现票据、折扣票据Discount Note An unsecured corporate debt that is issued at a
discount and matures at par. It is similar to a zero
coupon bond or T-bill. Discount notes give
institutional and retail investors convenient
choices with respect to the investment size and
maturity date for a short-term investment.
贴现现金流Discounted Cash
Flow (DCF) A method used to estimate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity.
贴现债券、折扣债
券
Discount Bond A bond that is valued at less than its face amount.
通货萎缩Deflation The rate at which the general level of prices for
goods and services is falling. The opposite of
inflation.
通货复涨、通货在膨胀Reflation An economic policy whereby a government uses
fiscal or monetary stimulus in order to expand a
country's output.
通用会计制度GAAP The common set of accounting principles,
standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination
of authoritative standards (set by policy boards)
and the accepted ways of doing accounting.
通用会计制度Generally
Accepted
Accounting
Principles
(GAAP) The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and the accepted ways of doing accounting.
同级诉讼Class Action An action where an individual represents a group
in a court claim. The judgment from the suit is for
all the members of the group (class).
投标、交换媒介Tender 1.To accept a formal offer, such as a takeover
bid or tender offer.
2.Means of settlement in a financial
transaction.
3. A bid to buy treasury bills.
4.Notice from a futures contract seller to
offer money or goods for settlement of a
futures contract.
投机Speculation The process of selecting investments with higher
risk in order to profit from an anticipated price
movement.
投票权Voting Right The right of a stockholder to vote on matters of
corporate policy making as well as on who will
compose the board of directors.
投票股票Voting Shares Shares that give the stockholder the right to vote
on matters of corporate policy making as well as
who will compose the members of the board of
directors.
投票信托Voting Trust A trust legally created in order to combine the
voting power of shareholders through the
transference of legal title and voting rights to
a designated trustee for a set duration.
投票信托协议Voting Trust
Agreement A contractual agreement detailing the specifics of the voting trust, including the name of its trustee, the effective timeframe, and the nature of its formation.
投资Investing The act of committing money or capital to an
endeavor (a business, project, real estate, etc.)
with the expectation of obtaining an additional
income or profit.
投资Investment An asset or item with value that is purchased for
income or capital appreciation.
投资持有量Position The amount of a security either owned (long
position) or borrowed (short position) by an
individual or by a dealer.
投资的现金流回报Cash Flow Return
on Investment
(CFROI)
A valuation model that assumes the stock market
sets prices based on cash flow, not on corporate
performance and earnings.
Cash Flow
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Market Value of Capital Employed
投资等级Investment
Grade 1.In the case of a stock, a firm that has a
strong balance sheet, considerable
capitalization, and is recognized as a
leader in its industry.
2.In the case of fixed income, a bond with a
rating of BBB or higher.
投资顾问Investment
Advisor An advisor, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, who manages the investments of others.
投资环境Investment
Climate The general economic conditions affecting the financial markets.
投资回报率ROI The profit or loss resulting from an investment
transaction, usually expressed as an annual
percentage return.
投资回报率Return On
Investment
(ROI) The profit or loss resulting from an investment transaction, usually expressed as an annual percentage return.
投资回收期Payback Period The length of time required to recover the cost of
an investment.
Calculated as:
Cost of Project
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Annual Cash Inflows
All other things being equal, the better
investment is the one with the shorter payback
period.
投资媒体Investment
Vehicle
In general, any method by which to invest.
投资情绪指标Sentiment
Indicator A general term used to describe indicators that gauge investor attitudes towards the market.
投资缩减Disinvestment 1.Refers to the sale or liquidation of an asset
or subsidiary of an organization or
government. Also known as divestiture.
2. A reduction in capital expenditure, or when
a company decides to not replace depleted
capital goods.
投资性房地产Investment Real
Estate
Real estate that generates income.
投资银行IB (Investment
Bank) A financial intermediary that performs a variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients.
投资银行Investment Bank A financial intermediary that performs a variety
of services. This includes underwriting, acting as
an intermediary between an issuer of securities
and the investing public, facilitating mergers and
other corporate reorganizations, and also acting
as a broker for institutional clients.
投资银行家Investment
Banker A person representing a financial institution that is in the business of raising capital for corporations and municipalities.
投资者关系部Investor
Relations A department, present in most medium to large public companies, that provides investors with an accurate account of the affairs of the company. This helps investors to make informed buy or sell decisions.
投资者关系部IR A department, present in most medium to large
public companies, that provides investors with an
accurate account of the affairs of the company.
This helps investors to make informed buy or sell
decisions.
投资资金回报率ROIC A calculation used to determine the quality of a
company. The general definition for ROIC is as
follows:
Net Income - Dividends
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Total Capital
投资资金回报率Return On
Investment
Capital (ROIC) A calculation used to determine the quality of a company. The general definition for ROIC is as follows:
Net Income - Dividends
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Total Capital
投资组合保险Portfolio
Insurance A method of hedging a portfolio of stocks against the market risk by short selling stock index futures.
投资组合管理Portfolio
Management The art and science of making decisions about: investment mix and policy, matching investments to objectives, asset allocation for individuals and institutions, and balancing risk vs. performance.
投资组合经理Portfolio
Manager The person responsible for the investment of a mutual fund's assets, implementing its investment strategy, and managing the day-to-day portfolio trading.
投资组合收入Portfolio
Income Income from investments, including dividends, interest, royalties, and capital gains.
透支Overdraft An instant extension of credit from a lending
institution.
退出投资策略Exit Strategy The method that a venture capitalist or business
owner intends to use to get out of an investment
that he/she has made.
拖欠债务Delinquent A term describing the failure to meet required
obligations according to schedule.
外包Outsourcing A practice used by different companies to reduce
costs by transferring portions of work to outside
suppliers rather than completing it internally.
外币效应Foreign
Currency
Effects The extent to which the changes in a foreign currency affects the return on a foreign investment.
外部董事Outside
Director Any member of a company's board of directors who is not an employee or stakeholder in the company.
外国直接投资Foreign Direct
Investment
(FDI) An investment abroad, usually where the company being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation.
外汇Forex The common term for the foreign exchange market.
Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an
electronic network that allows them to convert the
currencies of most countries.
外汇FX The common term for the foreign exchange market.
Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an
electronic network that allows them to convert the
currencies of most countries.
外汇率Exchange Rate The price of one country's currency expressed in
another country's currency. In other words, the
rate at which one currency can be exchanged for
another.
外在价值Extrinsic Value The difference between the option value and the
intrinsic value.
完全竞争Perfect
Competition
A market structure in which:
1.All firms sell an identical product.
2.All firms are price takers.
3.All firms have a relatively small market
share.
4.Buyers know the nature of the product being
sold and the prices charged by each firm.
5.The industry is characterized by freedom of
entry and exit.
网上银行Online Banking The performance of banking activities via the
Internet.
往后定价Back Pricing A method used in specific futures contracts
whereby the price of the commodity to be delivered
is priced by the purchaser at some future date
after entering into the position.
微观经济Microeconomics The study of the allocation of resources and the
distribution of income, and how they are affected
by the workings of government policies and the
price system.
微型市值股票Micro Cap Stock Micro cap refers to a company with a market
capitalization of between $50 million to $300
million.
围栏策略Ring Fence A strategy where an investor isolates a certain
amount of money from any outside risk. It is mainly
used by offshore investors.
委托人Trustor An individual or organization that gifts funds or
assets to others by transferring fiduciary duty to
a third party trustee that will maintain the assets
for the benefit of the beneficiaries
委托帐户、全权管理帐户Discretionary
Account
An account that allows a broker to buy and sell
securities without the client's consent.
违约风险Default Risk The risk that a company or individual will be
unable to pay the contractual interest or
principal on its debt obligations.
违约，未能履行合约Default 1.The failure to promptly pay interest or
principal when due.
2.The failure to perform on a futures contract
as required by an exchange.
未到价Out of the Money 1.For a call, when an option's strike price is
higher than the market price of the
underlying stock.
2.For a put, when the strike price is below the
market price of the underlying stock.
未来价值Future Value The value of an asset or cash at a specified date
in the future that is equivalent in value to a
specified sum today. There are two ways to
calculate FV:
1.For an asset with simple annual interest:
= Original Investment x (1+(interest
rate*number of years))
2.For an asset with interest compounded
annually:
= Original Investment x ((1+interest
rate)^number of years)
未实现收入Unearned
Revenue When an individual or company receives money for a service or product that has yet to be fulfilled.
未实现收益Unrealized Gain A profit that results from holding on to an asset
rather than cashing it in and using the funds
未实现损失Unrealized Loss A loss that results from holding on to an asset
rather than cashing it in and officially taking the
loss.
无抵押贷款Unsecured Loan A bank loan that is issued and supported only by
the borrowers creditworthiness, rather than by
some sort of collateral.
无抵押债权人Unsecured
Creditor A person or institution that lends money to a company or individual without holding collateral on the property for security. This puts the creditor in a higher risk situation
无对冲黄金股票指数BUGS Index Short for "basket of un-hedged gold stocks," the
BUGS index is the AMEX's index measuring gold
companies that do not hedge their gold production
beyond a year and a half.
无风险资产Risk-Free Asset An asset which has a certain future return.
Treasuries (especially T-bills) are considered to
be risk-free because they are backed by the U.S.
government.
无风险回报率Risk Free Rate
of Return The quoted rate on an asset that has virtually no risk.
无记名票据Floater A bond, or some other type of debt, whose coupon
rate changes with market conditions (short term
interest rates).
无形之手Invisible Hand Coined by Adam Smith in his 1776 book An Inquiry
into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
Nations. In his book he states:
Essentially Smith says that individuals try to
maximize their own good (and become wealthier),
and by doing so, through trade and
entrepreneurship, society as a whole will be
better off. Furthermore, any government
intervention in the economy isn't needed as the
invisible hand would best guide the economy.
无形资产Intangible
Asset An asset that is not physical in nature. E.g. goodwill
无追索权融资Non-Recourse
Finance A loan where the lending bank is only entitled to repayment from the profits of the project the loan is funding, not from other assets of the borrower.
无追索权债务Non-Recourse
Debt A loan that is secured by some sort of collateral, usually property. The issuer can seize the collateral if the borrower defaults.
五大工业国G-5 Five of the world's leading countries that meet
periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on
international economic and monetary issues.
五大工业国Group of Five
(G-5) Five of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.
武士债券Samurai Bond A yen denominated bond that is issued in Tokyo by
a non-Japanese company.
兀鹫基金Vulture Fund A fund that buys securities in distressed
investments, such as high-yield bonds in (or near)
default or equities that are in (or near)
bankruptcy.
兀鹫投资者Vulture
Capitalist 1. A slang word for a venture capitalist who
deprives an inventor of control over their own innovations and most of the money they should have made from the invention.
2. A venture capitalist who invests in
floundering firms in the hopes that they will turn around.
息票Coupon The interest rate stated on a bond when it's
issued. The coupon is typically paid semiannually.
稀有Scarcity The basic economic problem, which arises from
people having unlimited wants while there are and
always will be limited resources. Because of
scarcity, various economic decisions must be made
to allocate resources efficiently.
洗黑钱Money
Laundering The process by which large amounts of money illegally obtained from drug trafficking, terrorist activity, or other serious crimes, is given the appearance of having originated from a legitimate source.
系统性风险Systematic Risk risk that influences a large number of assets.
下调评级Downgrade A negative change in the rating of a security.
下游Downstream Refers to oil and gas operations after the
production phase and through to the point of sale.
先进先出First In, First
Out (FIFO) An inventory management and valuation method where the products acquired first are the ones sold first.
先投资，后调查Invest, Then
Investigate An investment strategy where investors immediately purchase a stock and then do research and due diligence afterwards.
闲置时间Idle Time Unproductive time spent by employees due to
factors beyond their control.
现货Cash Commodity The term used to refer to the actual or physical
commodity underlying a futures contract.
现货即期价格Spot Price The current price at which a particular commodity
can be bought or sold at a specified time and place.
现货商品Spot Commodity A commodity traded on the spot market. That is,
with the expectation of actual delivery, as
opposed to a commodity future that is usually not
delivered.
现货市场Cash Market The market for a cash commodity or actual, as
opposed to its futures contract.
现货市场Spot Market 1. A commodities market in which goods are sold
for cash and delivered immediately.
2. A futures transaction which will expire in
1 month or less.
现金Cash Legal tender or coins that can be used in exchange
goods, debt, or services. Sometimes also including
the value of assets that can be converted into cash
immediately, as reported by a company.
现金的现金回报率Cash on Cash
Return
A rate of return often used in real estate
transactions. The calculation determines "cash
income" on "cash invested."
Annual Dollar Income
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Total Dollar Investment
现金股息Cash Dividend Money paid to stockholders, normally out of the
corporation's current earnings or accumulated
profits. All dividends must be declared by the
board of directors, and are taxable income to the
recipients.
现金及现金等价物Cash And Cash
Equivalents
An element recorded on the balance sheet, it
reports the value of cash and its equivalents.
These are assets that are cash or can be converted
into cash immediately.
现金价格Cash Price The price of the purchase and delivery of cash
commodities.
现金流Cash Flow The amount of cash a company generates and uses
during a period, calculated by adding noncash
charges (such as depreciation) to the net income
after taxes. Cash Flow can be used as an indication
of a company's financial strength.
It is also sometimes referred to as the "money
value" of trades in a stock during a trading day
现金每股盈利Cash EPS A ratio derived from operating cash flow divided
by diluted shares outstanding.
现金投资Cash Investment Short-term obligations, usually ninety days or
less, that provide a return in the form of interest
payments.
现金余额养老金计划Cash Balance
Pension Plan
An employee pension plan whereby an employer will
credit the participant's account with a set
percentage of their yearly compensation plus
interest charges.
现金预算Cash Budget An estimation of the cash inflows and outflows for
a business.
现时价格Current Price The "real time" price of a security trading on an
exchange.
现时年期Current
Maturity The interval between the present date and the maturity date of a bond.
现时收益率Current Yield Annual income (interest or dividends) divided by
the current price of the security.
现值Present Value The amount today that a sum of money in the future
is worth, given a specified rate of return.
相对实力Relative
Strength A measure of price trend that indicates how a stock is performing relative to other stocks in its industry. It is calculated dividing the price performance of a stock by the price performance of an appropriate index for the same time period.
相对市盈率比率Price-Earnings
Relative A stocks price-earnings ratio divided by the price-earnings ratio for a market measure, such as the S&P 500 index or Wilshire 5000.
相关证券、相关股Underlying 1.In options, the security that must be
票delivered if a put or call option is
exercised.
2.In equities, the common stock that underlies
certain types of securities such as warrants
and convertible bonds
项目融资Project Finance Project finance is defined by the The
International Project Finance Association (IPFA)
as:
The financing of long-term infrastructure,
industrial projects and public services based upon
a non-recourse or limited recourse financial
structure where project debt and equity used to
finance the project are paid back from the cashflow
generated by the project.
消费物价指数CPI A measure of price changes in consumer goods and
services such as gasoline, food, and automobiles
消费物价指数Consumer Price
Index (CPI) A measure of price changes in consumer goods and services such as gasoline, food, and automobiles
消费信贷Consumer Credit A debt that someone incurs for the purpose of
purchasing a good or service.
消费者信心指数Consumer
Confidence
Index (CCI) A survey of consumer confidence by the Conference Board. It measures how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are with respect to the economy in the near future.
销记、注销Write-Off To charge an asset amount to expense or loss in
order to reduce the value of that asset and one's
earnings.
销售报酬Concession A selling group's compensation in an underwriting
(on a per-share or per-bond basis).
销售额与现金流比率Sales to Cash
Flow Ratio
A ratio that indicates whether or not a company's
sales are high in comparison to its cash flow.
Calculated as:
Sales per Share
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
Cash Flow per Share
销售回报率Return On Sales
(ROS) A widely used ratio that detects operational efficiency. It is calculated by dividing net income before interest and tax by the sales.
销售及行政开支Selling, Reported on the Income Statement, it is all the
General, & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) costs associated with selling and the general expenses of running the business.
销售税Sales Tax A tax that is imposed on the sale price of a retail
good or services.
效益比例Efficiency
Ratio A ratio used to calculate a bank's efficiency. Not all banks calculate the efficiency ratio the same way. We've seen the ratio calculated as all of the following:
1.non-interest expense divided by total
revenue less interest expense
2.non-interest expense divided by net
interest income before provision for loan
losses
3.non-interest expense divided into revenue
4.operating expenses divided by fee income
plus tax equivalent net interest income
For all versions of the ratio, an increase means the company is losing a larger percentage of its income to expenses. If it is getting lower, it is good for the bank and its shareholders.
效益成本比率Benefit Cost
Ratio - (BCR) A ratio attempting to clearly identify the relationship between the cost and benefits of a proposed project.
协同效应Synergy Used mostly in the context of mergers and
acquisitions, synergy is the idea that the value
and performance of two companies combined will be
greater than the sum of the separate individual
parts.
新经济New Economy A buzzword describing the new, high growth
industries that are on the cutting edge of
technology and are the driving force of economic
growth.
新闻稿Press Release If it's an earnings press release, the release will
discuss the financial results of the company for
the recently completed quarter and may provide
comments from management. Press releases often
list valuable contact information that can assist
you in your research, such as the company's web
address.
常见金融名词大全
更多资料请访问.(.....)
广义货币：广义货币与狭义货币所谓广义货币，它既包括那些流动性的现金、活期存款，又包括流动性稍差，但有收益的存款货币 国际上大致的划分是： 通货（M0）=银行体系外的纸币或铸币 狭义货币（M1）=流通中的现金+支票存款（以及转账信用卡存款） 广义货币（M2）=M1+储蓄存款（包括活期和定期储蓄存款） 另外还有M3=M2+其他短期流动资产（如国库券、银行承兑汇票、商业票据等） PPI生产者物价指数（亦称工业品出厂价格指数）。 生产者物价指数是一个用来衡量制造商出厂价的平均变化的指数，它是统计部门收集和整理的若干个物价指数中的一个。如果生产物价指数比预期数值高时，表明有通货膨胀的风险。如果生产物价指数比预期数值低时，则表明有通货紧缩的风险。 FDI英文全称Foreign Direct Investment，对外直接投资。FDI是现代的资本国际化的主要形式之一，按照国际货币基金组织（IMF）的定义FDI是指一国的投资者将资本用于它国的生产或经营，并掌握一定经营控制权的投资行为。也可以说是一国（地区）的居民实体（对外直接投资者或母公司）在其本国（地区）以外的另一国的企业（外国直接投资企业、分支企业或国外分支机构）中建立长期关系，享有持久利益并对之进行控制的投资，这种投资既涉及两个实体之间最初的交易，也涉及二者之间以及不论是联合的还是非联合的国外分支机构之间的所有后续交易。 PMI采购经理人指数是以百分比来表示，常以50%作为经济强弱的分界点：即当指数高于50%时，被解释为经济扩张的讯号。当指数低于50%，尤其是非常接近40%时，则有经济萧条的忧虑。它是领先指标中一项非常重要的附属指针。除了对整体指数的关注外，采购经理人指数中的支付物价指数及收取物价指数也被视为物价指标的一种，而其中的就业指数更常被用来预测失业率及非农业就业人口的表现。采购经理指数是通过对采购经理的月度调查统计汇总、编制而成的指数，反映了经济的变化趋势，是经济监测的先行指标。根据美国专家的分析，PMI指数与GDP具有高度相关性，且其转折点往往领先于GDP几个月 定向增发方式对提升公司盈利、改善公司治理有显著效果，寻找更多存在定向增发可能性的公司，仔细分析相关的方案与动机，有机会发掘全流通时代新的投资主题。 非公开发行的最大好处是，大股东以及有实力的、风险承受能力较强的大投资人可以以接近市价、乃至超过市价的价格，为上市公司输送资金，尽量减少小股民的投资风险。由于参与定向的最多10名投资人都有明确的锁定期，一般来说，敢于提出非公开增发计划、并且已经被大投资人所接受的上市公司，通常会有较好的成长性。 中证500指数是中证指数有限公司所开发的指数中的一种，其样本空间内股票是扣除沪深300指数样本股及最近一年日均总市值排名前300名的股票，剩余股票按照最近一年（新股为上市以来）的日均成交金额由高到低排名，剔除排名后20%的股票，然后将剩余股票按照日均总市值由高到低进行排名，选取排名在前500名的股票作为中证500指数样本股。中证500指数综合反映沪深证券市场内小市值公司的整体状况。 中证100指数是从沪深300指数样本股中挑选规模最大的100只股票组成样本股，以综合反映沪深证券
常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解
常用金融英语词汇的 翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购
金融行业专业名词
一、资产增值：是每个理财者共同的目标，不同的年龄段有不同阶段的理财需求，比如刚刚毕业的年轻人，处于财富积累阶段，最大的投资应该是自身投资，而对于一些有经济实力和投资能力强的人来说，则应对资产的增值确定一个具体的数目。 二、信托(Trust)：是指委托人基于对受托人的信任，将其财产权委托给受托人，由受托人按委托人的意愿以自己的名义，为受益人的利益或者特定目的进行管理或者处分的行为。信托是一种特殊的财产管理制度和法律行为，与银行、证券、保险一起构成了现代金融体系的“四大支柱”。上市公司股权受益权信托、私人股权投资信托（PE）、房地产信托、买断式信贷资产受让信托、基础设施信托、应收账款信托、员工持股信托、信托投资基金、国企改制资产重组产权购并信托、融资租赁信托、票据信托、贷款类信托、公益性信托等。 三、券商集合理财产品：券商集合理财指由证券公司发行，集合投资者的众多资金，由券商进行统一管理的一种理财产品，主要投资于股票、债券等金融产品。通常此类业务的投资者为证券公司的高端客户，产品的风险、收益介于股票投资和银行储蓄之间，根据收益是否固定来划分，券商集合理财产品有限定性和非限定性两大类别。1.限定性券商集合理财产品投资于现金、货币市场基金、国债和企业债券等风险较低的固定收益类资产，权益类证券和股票的投资比例不得超过20%，该类业务比较适合追求稳定收益的投资者。2.非限定性券商集合理财产品投资于股票、可转债、封闭式基金、ETF 以及以上固定收益类资产，通过灵活调整资产组合以追求委托人利益最大化，比较适合追求高风险、高收益的投资者。券商理财产品与证券投资基金相似，主要投资于证券市场，投资门槛也比较低，但规模没有基金规模大，是普通证券投资者较好的投资产品。 四、保险理财产品：投资型保险产品产生之初其作用主要是防止经济波动或通货膨胀对长期寿险造成损失，目前已经演变为委托人和保险公司共担风险、共享收益的一种金融投资工具，属于一种特殊的创新型寿险。 投资型保险大致存在以下三个险种：万能寿险、分红险以及投资连结险。1.万能 寿险产品具有保底收益，主要投资于国债、大额银行协议存款、企业债券、证券投 资基金等中长期成长领域，存取灵活，且收益可观；2.分红险投资于风险和收益均较 低的领域，其投资策略相对保守；3.投资连结险不设定保底收益，投资方向与万能寿 险大致相同，但投资策略较为进取，适合追求高风险、高收益的委托人。目前国内 投资型保险的市场占有率较低，但从国外的发展经验来看，这种兼具保险和投资功 能的理财产品具有广阔的发展空间。 五、预期收益率：是指投资对象未来可能获得的各种收益率的平均值。任何投资活动都是面向未来的，而投资收益是不确定的、有风险的。为了对这种不确定性进行衡量，便于比较和决策，人们用预期收益或预期收益率来描述投资者对投资回报的预期。 六、必要收益率：是指投资某投资对象所要求的最低的回报率，也称必要回报率。 七、系统性风险也称宏观风险：是指由于某种全局性的因素而对所有投资品的收益都会 产生作用的风险，具体包括市场风险、利率风险、汇率风险、购买力风险、政策风险等。 八、非系统性风险也称微观风险：是指因个别特殊情况造成的风险，它与整个市场没有关联，具体包括财务风险、经营风险、信用风险、偶然事件风险等。
常见金融词汇大全
私募股权基金相关词汇（中英文） 1、EC (equity capital) 权益资本 2、VC (venture capital) 创业投资 3、CO (cash out) 增值套现 4、DF (development finance) 发展资本 5、MF (mezzanine finance) 夹层资本 6、IPO 首次公开发行股票 7、Infras-tructure 基本建设 8、MBO/LBO 管理成收购或杠杆收购management buy-out/buy-in 9、restructuring 重组 10、PEIP 合伙制投资基金 11、风险投资基金（venture capital fund,VCF） 12、增长型基金（growth-oriented fund） 13、收购基金（buyout fund） 14、回购（buy back） 15、优先购买股权（right of refusal） 16、共同购买权（right of co-sale） 17、反摊薄条款（anti-dilution，或是反稀释条款） 18、强制原有股东卖出股份的权利（drag-along right） 19、股票被回购的权利（redemption(put, call)option） 20、创始人股东、管理层和主要员工对投资商的承诺（founders, management and key employee commitment） 21、陈述和保证（representation and warranties） 常用金融词汇的翻译 [ 作者: 来源:中国英语学习网点击次数:675 发布时间:2007-7-23 12:00:02 ] acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长
金融业务专业术语
1.逾期贷款：是指借款合同约定到期(含展期后到期)未归还的贷款(不含呆滞贷款和呆账贷款)。 （贷款展期（Loan extension）是指借款人在向贷款银行申请并获得批准的情况下，延期偿还贷款的行为。贷款人在贷款期间发生暂时的资金周转困难，致使不能按期偿还贷款本金，且符合展期规定的条件，一般情况下，提前30个工作日向贷款银行申请展期。贷款展期不得低于原贷款条件：短期贷款展期不得超过原贷款期限；中期贷款展期不得超过原贷款期限的一半；长期贷款展期最长不得超过3年。） 2.呆滞贷款：按财政部有关规定，逾期(含展期后到期)并超过规定年限以上仍未归还的贷款，或虽未逾期或逾期不满规定年限但生产经营已终止、项目已停建的贷款(不含呆账贷款)。 3.呆账贷款：逾期贷款两年（含两年）仍未归还的贷款，以及贷款虽未逾期或逾期不满两年，但生产经营已终止、项目已停建的贷款。 4.不良资产：不能参与企业正常资金周转的资产，如债务单位长期拖欠的应收款项，企业购进或生产的呆滞积压物资以及不良投资等。 5.清收：企业从银行的到贷款，应依靠自身经营收入到期归还。但如果企业的经营收入不足以偿还银行贷款时，贷款就变成不良贷款，此时银行要采取一切可能的手段收回不良贷款本息。 6.盘活存量：就是采取各种方式，整合资产，利用好现有的资产，防止资产的闲置浪费。 7.紧缩银根：是市场需要货币少而流通量大，人民银行采取一系列措施减少货币的流通量。 8.保证贷款：指贷款人按《担保法》规定的保证方式以第三人承诺在借款人不能偿还贷款本息时，按规定承担连带责任而发放的贷款。 9.票据贴现：是指资金的需求者，将自己手中未到期的商业票据、银行承兑票据或短期债券向银行或贴现公司要求变成现款，银行或贴现公司(融资公司)收进这些未到期的票据或短期债券，按票面金额扣除贴现日至到期日的利息后付给现款，到票据到期时再向出票人收款。 10.信托投资：是金融信托投资机构用自有资金及组织的资金进行的投资。以投资者身份直接参与对企业的投资是目前中国信托投资公司的一项主要业务，这种信托投资与的委托投资业务不同。 11.展期：往后推延预定的日期或期限。 12.授信：指商业银行向非金融机构客户直接提供的资金，或者对客户在有关经济活动中可能产生的赔偿、支付责任做出的保证，包括贷款、贸易融资、票据融资、融资租赁、透支、各项垫款等表内业务，以及票据承兑、开出信用证、保函、备用信用证、信用证保兑、债券发行担保、借款担保、有追索权的资产销售、未使用的不可撤消的贷款承诺等表外业务。简单来说，授信是指银行向客户直接提供资金支持，或对客户在有关经济活动中的信用向第三方作出保证的行为。 13.减息，加息：是指央行利用利率调整，来改变现金流动。缓息：在一定政策状况下或在政府的出面协调下产生的缓收利息的情况。免息：在国家扶持的某些工商企业的政策影响下，产生的免收利息。贴息：指用于从事微利项目的小额担保贷款由市财政据实全额贴息，借款人本人贷款期内不支付利息，贴息最长不超过两年，展期不贴。 14.套现：利用不同市场中同一种产品或是接近等同的产品价格之间的细微差别获利。 15.银根：指金融市场上的资金供应。 16.头寸：指投资者拥有或借用的资金数量。 17.核销贷款：是指强制银行将已有的贷款帐务消除，并给与一定补偿（额度视情况而定）的办法，因此对于银行来说绝对是一种损失。 18.呆账准备金：是指公司对可能不能收到的应收账款的预测，这项数据将纪录在公司的资产负债表上。 19.拨备：是进行财政预算时，估计投资出现亏损时所预留的准备资金。拨备率：实际上就是呆、坏帐准备金的提取比率，如我国现行上市公司的应收帐款坏帐准备金的提取比率为9%，即：按应收帐款余额的9%计提坏帐准备，提取的准备金进入当期损益。此项比率越低越好，说明反应损失较小利润较高；比率越高说明风险越大，损失越大利润越小。拨备率的高低应适合贷款风险程度，不能过低导致拨备金不足，利润虚增；也不能过高导致拨备金多余，利润虚降。 20.银团贷款：是指由两家或两家以上银行基于相同贷款条件，依据同一贷款协议，按约定时间和比例，通过代理行向借款人提供的本外币贷款或授信业务。 21.利率：又称利息率。表示一定时期内利息量与本金的比率，通常用百分比表示，按年计算则称为年利率。其计算公式是：利息率= 利息量÷本金÷时间×100% 逾期利息：是由逾期贷款造成的罚利息现在一般操作是在原贷款利率的基础上再增加30%-50%的罚息，具体算法还要看每个案件的不同情况。
金融术语
inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 tighter credit 紧缩信贷 monetary policy 货币政策 foreign exchange 外汇 spot transaction 即期交易 forward transaction 远期交易option forward transaction 择期交易 swap transaction 调期交易 quote 报价 settlment and delivery 交割Treasury bond 财政部公债 current-account 经常项目 pickup in rice 物价上涨 Federal Reserve 美联储 buying rate 买入价 selling rate 卖出价 spread 差幅 contract 合同 at par 平价 premium 升水 discount 贴水 direct quoation method 直接报价法indirect quoation method 间接报价法 dividend 股息 domestic currency 本币 floating rate 浮动利率 parent company 母公司 credit swap 互惠贷款 venture capital 风险资本 book value 帐面价值 physical capital 实际资本 IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行 job machine 就业市场 welfare capitalism 福利资本主义collective market cap 市场资本总值glolbal corporation 跨国公司transnational status 跨国优势transfer price 转让价格consolidation 兼并 leverage 杠杆 financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危机 file for bankruptcy 申请破产bailout 救助 take over 收购 buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物go under 破产 take a nosedive （股市）大跌tumble 下跌 falter 摇摇欲坠 on the hook 被套住 shore up confidence 提振市场信心stave off 挡开, 避开, liquidate assets 资产清算 at fire sale prices 超低价 sell-off 证券的跌价 reserve 储备 note 票据 discount贴现 circulate流通 central bank 中央银行 the Federal Reserve System联邦储备系统 credit union 信用合作社 paper currency 纸币 credit creation 信用创造 branch banking 银行分行制 unit banking 单一银行制 out of circulation 退出流通 capital stock股本 at par以票面价值计 electronic banking电子银行
常用金融术语(中英对照)
熟练掌握名目繁多金融术语除了是专业人士的必修课外，在金融渗透、人人参与投资的时代，了解一些常用的金融术语也对普通投资者们大有益处。本文就为你详细列举了一些常用的可中英文对照的金融术语，帮助你了解生活中的金融。 金融 资产组合(Portfolio):指投资者持有的一组资产。一个资产多元化的投资组合 通常会包含股票、债券、货币市场资产、现金以及实物资产如黄金等。 证券投资(Portfolio Investment) :国际收支中、资本帐下的一个项目，反映资 本跨国进行证券投资的情况，与直接投资不同，后者涉及在国外设立公司开展业务，直接参与公司的经营管理。证券投资则一般只是被动地持有股票或债券。 投资组合经理(Portfolio Manager):替投资者管理资产组合的人，通常获授权 在约定规范下自由运用资金。共同基金的投资组合经理负责执行投资策略，将资金投资在各类资产上。 头寸(Positio n):就证券投资而言，头寸是指在一项资产上做多(即拥有)或做空(即借入待还)的数量。 总资产收益率(ROTA):资产收益率是企业净利润与平均资产总额地百分比，也 叫资产回报率(ROA)，它是用来衡量每单位资产创造多少净利润的指标。其计 算公式为：资产收益率二净利润/平均资产总额X 100% ；该指标越高，表明企业 资产利用效果越好，说明企业在增加收入和节约资金使用等方面取得了良好的效果，否则相反。 整批交易(Round Lot Trade):指按证券和商品在市场最普遍的交易单位(例如 100股为一单位)进行的交易。 交易回合(Round Turn):指在同一市场上通过对两种证券或合约一买一卖，或 一卖一买的交易两相抵消。通常在计算手续费时会提及交易回合。
常见金融词汇中英对照
常见金融词汇中英对照 ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities的英文缩写） Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧 Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人 Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据 Accounts payable 应付帐款 Accounts receivable 应收帐款 Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制 Accrued interest 应计利息 Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人 指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者 Accredit value 自然增长值 Accrediting 本金增值 适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权）的期限内连续增长。 ACE 美国商品交易所 Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率 Across the board 全面一致；全盘的 Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋 Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产 Active capital 活动资本 Actual market 现货市场 Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家 ADB 亚洲开发银行 ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证 [股市] 指由负责保管所存托外国股票的存托银行所发行一种表明持有人拥有多少外国股票(即存托股份)的收据。ADR一般以美元计价和进行交易，及被视为美国证券。对很多美国投资者而言，买卖ADR比买卖ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流动、成本较低和容易。 大部份预托收据为ADR；但也可以指全球预托收(GDR) ，欧洲预托收据(EDR) 或国际预托收据(IDR) 。从法律和行政立场而言，所有预托收据具有同样的意义。 ADS 美国存托股份 Ad valorem 从价；按值 Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司 After date 发票后，出票后 After-market 后市 [股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。有人把后市定义为股价稳定期，即发行结束后的30天。也有人认为后市应指稳定期过后的交易市况。然而，较为普遍的是把这段时期视为二级市场 Age dependency (ratio) 年龄抚养比率 AGM 周年大会 Agreement 协议；协定 All-or-none order 整批委托
常用金融术语(中英对照)
金融 资产组合(Portfolio) ：指投资者持有的一组资产。一个资产多元化的投资组合通常会包含股票、债券、货币市场资产、现金以及实物资产如黄金等。 证券投资(Portfolio Investment) ：国际收支中、资本帐下的一个项目，反映资本跨国进行证券投资的情况，与直接投资不同，后者涉及在国外设立公司开展业务，直接参与公司的经营管理。证券投资则一般只是被动地持有股票或债券。 投资组合经理(Portfolio Manager)：替投资者管理资产组合的人，通常获授权在约定规下自由运用资金。共同基金的投资组合经理负责执行投资策略，将资金投资在各类资产上。 头寸(Position) ：就证券投资而言，头寸是指在一项资产上做多(即拥有)或做空(即借入待还)的数量。 总资产收益率(ROTA) ：资产收益率是企业净利润与平均资产总额地百分比，也叫资产回报率（ROA），它是用来衡量每单位资产创造多少净利润的指标。其计算公式为：资产收益率＝净利润/平均资产总额×100%；该指标越高，表明企业资产利用效果越好，说明企业在增加收入和节约资金使用等方面取得了良好的效果，否则相反。 整批交易(Round Lot Trade) ：指按证券和商品在市场最普遍的交易单位(例如100股为一单位)进行的交易。 交易回合(Round Turn)：指在同一市场上通过对两种证券或合约一买一卖，或一卖一买的交易两相抵消。通常在计算手续费时会提及交易回合。 缩略语 有资产担保的证券(ABS) 国际外汇交易商协会(ACI) 现货(Actuals) 亚洲开发银行(ADB) 美国预托证券(ADR) 非洲开发银行(AFDB) 年度股东大会(AGM)
投行人常用的英语金融词汇
投行人常用的英语金融词汇 2012年01月15日 15:37:32 Accounts payable 应付帐款 Accounts receivable 应收帐款 Accrued interest 应计利息 Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人 指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者 Accredit value 自然增长值 ACE 美国商品交易所 ADB 亚洲开发银行 ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证 [股市] 指由负责保管所存托外国股票的存托银行所发行一种表明持有人拥有多少外国股票(即存托股份)的收据。ADR一般以美元计价和进行交易，及被视为美国证券。对很多美国投资者而言，买卖ADR比买卖ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流动、成本较低和容易。 大部份预托收据为ADR；但也可以指全球预托收(GDR) ，欧洲预托收据(EDR) 或国际预托收据(IDR) 。从法律和行政立场而言，所有预托收据具有同样的意义。 ADS 美国存托股份 Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司 After-market 后市 [股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。有人把后市定义为股价稳定期，即发行结束后的30天。也有人认为后市应指稳定期过后的交易市况。然而，较为普遍的是把这段时期视为二级市场 AGM 周年大会 Agreement 协议；协定 All-or-none order 整批委托 Allocation 分配；配置 Allotment 配股 Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿尔法；预期市场可得收益水平 Alternative investment 另类投资 American Commodities Exchange美国商品交易所 American Depository Receipt 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证 (简称“ADR ”参见ADR栏 目) American Depository Share 美国存托股份 Amercian Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所 American style option 美式期权
金融、经济专业词汇、术语大全
经济金融术语汉英对照表 A 安全网safety net 按可比口径on comparable basis 按轻重缓急to prioritize 暗补implicit subsidy 暗亏hidden loss B 颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits 保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers'incentive to produce 备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves 本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲操作sterilization operation 本位利益localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance 币种搭配不当currency mismatch 币种构成currency composition 变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation） 薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本fixed cost 不变价at constant price;in real terms 不动产real estate 不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C 财务公司finance companies 财政赤字fiscal deficit 财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner 操作弹性operational flexibility 操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate 产品构成product composition;product mix 产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory 产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接marketability 产业政策industrial policy 长期国债treasury bonds 敞口头寸open position 炒股to speculate in the stock market 承购包销underwrite（securities） 成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）
金融学专业名词解析
金融专业名词解释(2010-10-19 07:04:19)转载▼标签：杂谈 吸筹（Accumulation）：一种市场过程，一般而言，小散户在这个过程中卖出，大的主力在买进，也就是“收集”股票。 腾落线（Advance / Decline Line）：表示一个国家范围内上涨股票数量与下跌股票数量之比的一个公式，该公式允许包括价格保持不变的股票。 套利（Arbitrage）：同时买进一种证券并且卖出另一种证券的交易活动，利用价格差异牟利。 熊市（Bear Market）：整体价格趋势下跌的市场，又叫做“空头头寸”，卖出股票以防价格下跌。认为价格要下跌的人被称为“看空的”。 牛市（Bull Market）：整体价格趋势上涨的市场，跟随大势（比如上升市场）的证券或者资产的比例。 概念股发行（Blind Issue）：没有实际业务的公司发行的股票，或者那些只有未来的虚无飘渺的计划的公司发行的股票。
泡沫头部（Blow-off Top）：主要的牛市的头部，由股价的加速上行所形成的。 面值（Book Value）：表示每股资本的净资产大小，由股价的加速上升所形成。 交易所（Bourse）：进行证券（股票交易）、商品、贵金属和外汇交易的市场。世界上最早的交易所是16世纪的荷兰的范德伯尔斯家族位于布鲁日的房子。 广度（Breadth）：在某个具体的金融市场，跟随大势（比如上升或者下降市场）的证券或者资产的比例。 突破（Breakout）：价格变化突破某个成交密集区域。 发散形态（Broadening Formation）：一种技术形态，价格在越来越宽广的范围内震荡。 经纪人（Broker）：收取佣金、代人买卖证券的自然人或者公司。 蝴蝶效应（Butterfly Effect）：系统对初始条件的极端敏感性。
金融行业中最常用的32个金融词汇解释大全
金融行业中最常用的32 个金融词汇解释大全！ 影子银行、存贷比、信贷资产证券化、不良资产这些金融术语经常出现在各金融类文章里，很多专有属于让一些刚接触金融这行的朋友们倍感陌生。这些基础术语是投资理财过程中必须知道的知识点。只有透彻掌握这些金融词汇，才能让投资更得心应手、降低风险。但是对于这些眼熟的金融高频词，朋友们都了解了吗?今天卡神小组就来和朋友们说说金融行业中最常用的32 个金融词汇解释大全，让我们一起来了解下吧。1、什么是“影子银行” ?一般是指那些有着部分银行功能，却不受监管或少受监管的非银行金融机构。简单理解，影子银行是那些可以提供信贷，但是不属于银行的金融机构。在中国，影子银行主要包括信托公司、担保公司、典当行、地下钱庄、货币市场基金、各类私募基金、小额贷款公司以及各类金融机构理财等表外业务，民间融资等。特征：机构众多、规模较小、杠杆化水平较低但发展较快。2、 “热钱”该如何理解?又称游资或投机性短期资本。通常是指以 投机获利为目的快速流动的短期资本，其进出之间往往容易诱发 市场乃至金融动荡。热钱的投资对象主要是外汇、股票、贵金 属及其衍生产品市场等。“四高”特征：(1)高收益性与风险性;(2)高信息化与敏感性;(3)高流动性与短期性;(4)投资的 高虚拟性与投机性。3、路演证券发行商发行证券前针对机构投 资者的推介活动。目的是促进投资者与股票发行人之间的沟通和
交流，以保证股票的顺利发行。活动中，公司向投资者就公司的业绩、产品、发展方向等作详细介绍，充分阐述上市公司的投资价值，让准投资者们深入了解具体情况，并回答机构投资者关心的问题。4、政策性银行一般是指由政府设立，以贯彻国家产业政策、区域发展政策为目的的，不以盈利为目标的金融机构。1994 年，我国组建了三家政策性银行——国家开发银行、中国进出口银行和中国农业发展银行。国家开发银行于2008 年12 月16 日转为商业银行。5、什么是市盈率，与投资回报率有什么关系?市盈率指在一个考察期（通常为12 个月的时间）内，股票的价格和每股收益的比率。投资者通常利用该比例值估量某股票的投资价值。一般来说，市盈率的倒数就是投资回报率。一只股票，如果市盈率是25 倍，回报率就是4%，这就有可能跑不赢通货膨胀,你需要25 年才能回收投资。6、什么是离岸金融?是指以自由兑换货币为交易媒介，非居民（境外的个人、法人、政府机构、国际组织等）参与为主，提供结算、借贷、资本流动、保险、信托、证券和衍生工具交易等金融服务，且不受市场所在国和货币发行国一般金融法律法规限制的金融活动。离岸金融的主要业务是吸收非居民的资金并服务于非居民融资需要，因此被形象地喻为“两头在外”的金融业务，所形成的市场称之为离岸金融市场。目前，我国的离岸金融业务尚处于探索起步阶段。7、金融脱媒指资金供给绕开商业银行等媒介体系，直接输送到需求方和融资者手里，造成资金的体外循环。比如，企
金融专业术语
金融专业术语解释 AUD (澳元) - 澳大利亚货币。 American Depository Receipts (ADR) (美国存托凭证) - 一份美国存托凭证代表美国以外国家一家企业的若干股份。美国存托凭证在美国市场进行买卖，交易程序与普通美国股票相同。美国存托凭证由美国银行发行，每份包含美国以外国家一家企业交由国外托管人托管的若干股份。该企业必须向代为发行的银行提供财务资料。美国存托凭证不能消除相关企业股票的货币及经济风险。美国存托凭证可在纽约股票交易所、美国股票交易所或纳斯达克交易所挂牌上市。 American Stock Exchange (AMEX) (美国证券交易所) - 美国第三大股票交易所，位于纽约，处理美国交易证券总额的10%。 American shares (美国股票) - 由美国公司发行的股票。 Analyst (分析员) - 具备评估投资专长的金融专业人员，一般受聘于证券行、投资顾问机构或共同基金。分析员对不同的证券作出买入、卖出或持有的建议。为了提供全面的研究分析，分析员一般会专注于不同的行业或经济板块。 Arbitrage (套汇) - 利用不同市场的对冲价格，或者在同一市场不同的时间内，通过买入或卖出信用工具，同时在相应市场中买入相同金额但方向相反的头寸，以便从价格差额中获利。中国外汇管理条例中所说的套汇，是指采用各种手段骗取和截取国家应得外汇的违法行为。 All or none (全部或没有) - 只在某价格内进行交易的命令。 Arrearage (欠款) - 逾期未结算的数额。 Amount (数目) - 账户内的所剩资金。 Acquirer (买者) - 购买某种商品的法人或者个人。 Ask (offer) (供应) - 卖方接受的价格，按此价格可以买入。 Advance (继续，上升) - advance in trade-扩大交易额；advance in prices-价格上升。 Appreciation (增值) - 当物价应市场需求抬升时，一种货币即被称作增值，资产价值因而增加。 Agreement (合同) - Margin agreement-保证金合同；Clearing agreement-清算合同；Risk agreement-风险合同；Customer agreement-客户合同。
金融术语中英对照
内容大纲： 外汇与汇率 * 通汇合约Agency Agreement * 通汇银行Correspondent Bank * 商业汇票Commercial Bill of Exchange * 银行支票Banker’s Check * 国外汇票Foreign Bill of Exchange * 关键货币Key Currency：是指国际上普遍接受的，该国国际收支中使用最多，外汇储备中占比最大的自由外汇。目前来说，美元、欧元、日元为大多数国家的关键货币。 * 汇率Exchange Rate * 直接标价法Direct Quotation * 间接标价法Indirect Quotation * 汇价点Point * 买入汇率Buying Rate * 卖出汇率Selling Rate * 中间汇率Medial Rate：买入汇率与卖出汇率的平均数就称为中间汇率。中间汇率常用来对汇率进行分析，例如，传媒为了方便人们参与外汇买卖，掌握外汇买卖行情，其报道的汇率多为中间汇率。我国用于结算本国贸易与非贸易的从属费用的结算也采用外汇牌价的中间汇率，套算汇率也是用有关货币的中间汇率套算出来的。 * 现钞汇率Bank Note Rate * 即期汇率Spot Rate * 远期汇率Forward Rate * 基本汇率Basic Rate * 套算汇率Cross Rate * 固定汇率Fixed Rate * 浮动汇率Floating Rate * 可调整的钉住Adjustable Peg * 单一汇率Single Rate：“复汇率”的对称，凡是一国对外仅有一个汇率，各种不同来源与用途的收付均按此计算，或本币对各种外币的既期外汇交易的买卖价不超过2%者，既称为单一汇率。 * 复汇率Multiple Rate * 贸易汇率Commercial Rate：专门用于进出口贸易货价及从属费用的计价、交易、结算和结汇的汇率。实行贸易汇率，主要是为了推动本国出口贸易的发展，改善国际收支状况。 * 金融汇率Financial Rate：金融汇率又称非贸易汇率，是指用于国际资金流动、国际旅旅业及其他国际间非贸易性收支的计算和结汇时所使用的汇率。金融汇率适用于资金的移动及旅游，它根据市场供求关系自由波动，中央银行一般不予维持。 * 交叉汇率Cross Rate * 远期差额Forward Margin：即期汇率与远期汇率之间存在一差额，即远期差额。远期差额的表示方法有:升水、贴水、平价 * 升水Premium * 贴水Discount * 平价At Par：如果远期汇率与即期汇率相等，则没有升水和贴水，称作平价。
最新整理常见金融词汇大全专业单词带翻译
常见金融词汇大全专业单词带翻译 每行每业的学习都有他自己的专业词汇，金融行业也是这样，今天学习啦小编为大家整理了常见金融词汇大全，希望这些金融专业单词能帮到大家! 常见金融词汇篇一b i g m a c s,b i g/l a r g e-c a p s t o c k,m e g a-i s s u e大盘股 o f f e r i n g,l i s t上市 b o u r s e证交所 c o r p o r a t e c h a m p i o n龙头企业 S h a n g h a i E x c h a n g e上海证交所 p e n s i o n f u n d养老基金 m u t u a l f u n d共同基金 h e d g e m u t u a l f u n d对冲式共同基金 s h a r e股票 v a l u a t i o n股价 u n d e r w r i t e r保险商 g o v e r n m e n t b o n d政府债券 s a v i n g a c c o u n t储蓄帐户 e q u i t y m a r k e t股市
s h a r e h o l d e r股东 d e l i s t摘牌 m o n g e y-l o s e r亏损企业 i n v e n t o r y存货 t r a d e d c o m p a n y,t r a d i n g e n t e r p r i s e上市公司 s t a k e h o l d e r利益相关者 t r a n s p a r e n c y透明度 M s n b c:M i c r o s o f t n a t i o n a l b r o a d c a s t微软全国广播公司 m a r k e t f u n d a m e n t a l i s t市场经济基本规则 d a m a g e-c o n t r a l m a c h i n e r y安全顾问 e f f i c i e n t m a r k e t有效市场 常见金融词汇篇二i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y知识产权 o p p o r t u n i s t i c p r a c t i c e投机行为 W o r l d C o m世通公司 b r i b e r y行贿 e n t r e p r e n e u r企业家 c o o k t h e b o o k做假帐 r e g u l a t o r y s y s t e m监管体系 a u d i t审计
金融学名词解释
一、名词解释 1.Balance of payments The set of accounts recording all flows of the value between a nation’s residents and the residents of the rest of the world during a period of time. 2.Current account The current account includes all debit and credit items that are exports and imports of goods and services, income receipts and income payments, and gifts. 3.Financial account balance The net value of flows of financial assets and similar claims(excludes official international serve asset)is the private financial account balance. 4.International investment position Is a statement of the stocks of a nation’s investment assets and foreign liabilities at a point in time, usually at the end of the year. 5.Foreign exchange Foreign exchange is the act of trading different nation’s moneys. 6.Exchange rate An exchange rate is the price of one nation’s money in terms of another nation’s money. 7.Spot exchange rate The spot exchange rate is the price for “immediate” exchange. 8.Forward exchange rate The forward exchange rate is the price set now for an exchange that will take place sometime in the future. 9.Foreign exchange swap A foreign exchange swap is a package trade that includes both a spot exchange of two currencies and an agreement to the reverse forward exchange of the two currencies. 10.Arbitrage Arbitrage is the process of buying and selling to make a riskless pure profit. 11.Exchange rate risk A person(or an organization like a firm)is exposed to exchange rate risk if the value of the person’s income, wealth, or net worth changes when exchange rate changes unpredictably in the future.