高级英语第一册第1课译文及课后答案

中东的集市

中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。

随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。

中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。

对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。

集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。

在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。 再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑炯，花纹图案富有地方特色——有的简单粗犷，有的精巧和谐得令人吃惊。再往前走便是香料市场，这里充满各种浓烈的异香奇味；接下来是食品市场，在这里，你可以买到豪华酒宴上所需的任何山珍海味，也可以与徒工、脚夫一道坐进小饭馆里去吃那不能登大雅之堂的面包和奶酪。集市里有棚顶的街巷纵横交错，有如一座迷宫，鳞次栉比地坐落其间的有印染市场、陶器市场和木器市场。随便走到哪儿，你都有可能透过某个门洞瞥见一个洒满阳光的庭院，那也许是个清真寺的院子，也许是个商旅客栈的院子。在那儿，总会有几头骆驼旁若无人地卧着嚼草料，而在骆驼的身边则总是堆放着它们穿越沙漠，从几百英里以外的地方驮运而来的大捆大捆的货物。

除了其给予人的总体印象外，集市中最令人难忘的地方恐怕要算是榨亚麻籽油的作坊了。那是一间约三十英尺高、六十英尺见方的屋子，空间阔大，但光线幽暗，犹如洞穴一般。其拱形屋顶及四面的泥砖墙壁因厚厚地覆盖着数百年积下的灰尘而变得模糊难辨。屋内有三个大石磙，每个石磙上都有一根粗木杆从中心穿过，作为磙轴，磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连，使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动，另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上，通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。石磙沿着一个环形石槽作圆周运动，石槽旁边有一人专门负责往槽里装亚麻籽。亚麻籽先由石磙碾成浆，然后再拿去榨油。油坊的骆驼是我见过的骆驼中最大最好的，而且

体格健壮无比——肌肉发达，身躯伟岸，气宇轩昂。

榨油工序是由一套摇摇欲坠的机械装置来完成的。该装置由大梁、缆索和滑轮组合而成，犹如一座高塔耸立在屋中，上端直与拱形屋顶相接。相形之下，油坊里的骆驼和石磙便显得矮小起来。这套装置是由一个人操作的。他先将亚麻籽浆铲入一只大石缸里，继而动作利索地爬上令人头晕目眩的高处系牢缆索，然后全身使劲压在一根用树干做成的粗大的横梁上，带动缆索的滑轮装置运转。古木大梁压得嘎吱作响，缆索开始绷紧，接着便见一滴滴的油沿着一条石槽流入一只废旧汽油桶里。随着大梁越压越低，缆索越绷越紧，大梁的嘎吱声，石磙的辘辘声，以及骆驼不时发出的咕噜咕噜的呼吸声和叹息声响成一片，榨出的油也很快地由涓滴细流变成了一股晶莹发亮、奔腾不止的洪流。




习题全解
I．
1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．
2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper— smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．
3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．
4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.
5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.

II .
1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another
2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.
3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.
4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.
5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.

Ⅲ. See the translation of text.

IV.
1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord
2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight
3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway
4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware
5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour
6)v. +adv..pullover, buildup

V.
1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needl

e.(v.) He threaded through the throng.
2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.
3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．
4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．
5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．
6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．
7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?

Ⅵ．
1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．
2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．
3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．

Ⅶ．
1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光， 强调光的强度。
2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。
3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而 音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声
4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。
5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。
6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。
7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。
8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange 的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。
9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。
lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。
11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。
12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。

Ⅷ．
1)buyers 2)sharp，strong 3)dismal，gloomy，solemn 4)declaring，insisting 5)strike

6)abundance，plenty 7)rich and costly 8)goods 9)mixing

Ⅸ．
1)There is the cloth—market，with its profusion of rich colour．
2)There is the coppersmiths’market，where you can hear the sounds of tinkling，banging and clashing．
3)There is the carpet—market，where you can find varied textures and regional designs．
4)There is the spice—market，with its pungent and exoti’c smells．
5)There is the food—market，with everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner．
6) There is a sunlit courtyard, with flowers blooming and birds chirping.

X．
1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.
2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.
3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.
4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.
5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.
6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached.
7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.
8)This little girl is very much attached to her father.
9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.
10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away.
11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit.
12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

XI.
bazaar, veiled women, copper vessels, carpets, spice, mosque, camels, caravanserai, desert, etc.

XlI. Omitted.

XIII.
1)As I go deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and I come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, reduces the sound of footsteps, and I can hear no sound being echoed. The shop-keepers speak in slow, controlled tones, and the; customers talk in the same way.
The copper-smiths' market is easily traced by the noise coming from it．As I approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to strike my ear. The noise is so deafening that 1 have to leave as quickly as I can. I can hardly imagine how those copper—smiths and their apprentices can bear to live in all that noise．