手写体与印刷体

大家都知道，小写字母a和g有两种写法，如左右两个图里所示。有些人的第一反应是，一个是手写体，一个是印刷

体。可事实却不是这么简单，先解释一下左右两张图：左边是

Verdana 字体，右边是Times New Roman；上下三个字母里，最

下面这个是斜体。

把单层a (g)、双层a (g) 称为手写体a(g)、印刷体a (g)其实并不准确。手写体和印刷体是中文语境的通俗说法，引入拉丁文的时候，学写的字都是前者，后者只在铅字上见过。这说法其实并不准确。通常所谓的印刷体a，对应书法里的Humanist Hand。最早这种写法来源于文艺

复兴时期，因此这样命名。通常所谓的手写

体a，对应书法里的Italic Hand。Italic是指

西文中的斜体。最早印刷术里引入Italic这个

概念以及名称，为了和书写端正的Roman体区分，因此书法里作为斜体字原型的Italic Hand书写是带有一定角度的。严格来说，因为Italic体包含Italic hand 的风格特征，理应翻译成“意大利斜体”，仅仅翻译成斜体，损失的信息量太大了，而且也难以和普通斜体Oblique进行区分。

关于小写字母g 的两种写法，也有人把它们分别叫做open tail 和loop tail，手写一般用单层（single-story）g。一般正式出版物里面都用这种双层g 。不过很多电脑字体和非正式出版物都用单层g，所以单层g已经不能算仅仅是手写体了。

然后是小写字母a的问题，大多数印刷品和电脑字体里面，a 都是双层的，你可能会认为那种单层a肯定是手写体了吧？可惜不是，如果你去看报纸杂志，

你会发现所有斜体的地方a都是单层写法,如右图Times New Roman 字体所示。只不过很多电脑字体不遵守这个规则，只是简单的把正体 a 倾斜一下左图Verdana 字体，然而这种写法是不准确的。

有人也会问，大写G、J到底有没有横？我个人觉得那应该不算横，而是衬线，也叫做饰线。那么就有人问了，衬线是什么？我用一张图来解释好了。

我们先来看一看G、J“手写体”和“印刷体”的对比图吧。

然后再来看看F和T。

如果说G和J的饰线算是横线的话，那应该要像F和T的横线一样明确。那么又有人可能会问了，照我的说法，I的横线也应该是饰线了，那为什么我们在书写的时候要保留呢？据我搜索到的资料，I对饰线的保留是为了和小写的字

母L区分，但是有些地区的英语教育，例如上海，大写I是不保留饰线的，只有一竖。在一些手写印刷体字帖中，大写I也是不保留两“横”的。

其实英语并没有分什么书写体和印刷体，手写体和印刷体只是中文语境的通俗说法。

附：

想更深入了解英语字母的书写方式，首先应该了解拉丁语系的发展历程。在古文字学(Paleography)中可将拉丁语系字体演化分为六个阶段：

首先是罗马时期，罗马帝国在扩张的过程中将拉丁文推广到欧洲各地，罗马体(Roman)一直流行到4世纪，公元476年，随着西罗马帝国灭亡，欧洲进入了中世纪。

在5-8世纪，随着各民族意识逐步觉醒，文字也开始多元化，从较规范的安色尔体、半安色尔体(Uncial, Half-uncial)演化出诸多变种，如英国的海岛体(Insular)，日尔曼人的如尼文字(Runes或Futhark)，法国的梅尔罗加文手写体(Merovingian scripts)，西班牙的西哥特小写体(Visigothic minuscule )等，这一段称作前加洛林时期(pre-Caroline)。

查理曼大帝在8世纪实现了加洛林王朝(Caroline)的强盛，阿尔昆(Alcuin)在此期间发明了著名的加洛林小写体(Carolingian minuscule)，将字母大小写正式区分开，这套优美清晰的字符在欧洲迅速流传，虽然王国在查理死后就迅速衰落了，但这个字体却一直影响到几百年后的文艺复兴时期。

从查理曼帝国分裂出来的东法兰克王国在11世纪发展成为神圣罗马帝国，

主导欧洲局势，于是这些哥特人后裔在宗教祭祀中使用的一种特殊字体——哥特体(Gothic)开始流行，但是这种富有装饰性的字体并不适合书写和阅读，于是又出现了许多变体，如用于写书的Anglicana，用于法庭记录的Chancery，和顾名思义的Secretary等等。

到了14世纪，从意大利兴起的文艺复兴席卷了整个欧洲，人文主义学者们所采用的人文主义体成为主流，虽然这种基于加洛林小写体的字符仍带有某些哥特风格，1450年德国古登堡发明了活版印刷术后，老式的Black Letter不适合这种新工艺，意大利的出版商就用他们当地流行的字体印刷了大量作品，从此以意大利体(Italic)闻名，而德国也吸收了人文书体的一些优点形成哥特体的一个变种Fraktur以便印刷，而且在日常书写中也产生了自己的手写体Kurrent(Old German Script)，它现代的版本German Script 即通常所说的“花体”；在近现代仍有许多印刷字体、艺术字体和广告字体不断涌现，比如用于铜版印刷的圆体(English Round hand)、德国设计师聚特林发展出的聚特林字体（Sütterlin）等等。

早期拉丁字母表（约公元前7世纪）（共21个）

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Zz Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Xx

古拉丁语字母表（约公元前3世纪）（共21个）

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Xx

古典拉丁语字母表（公元41年）（共23个）

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Xx Yy Zz

今天的拉丁字母表（共26个）

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

26个英文字母书写标准及练习本-A4打印

字母书写有规律，右倾五度正合适。大写一律上两格，顶线与否长大看。小写字母怎么办？

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26个英文字母手写体临摹 模板

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个英文字母书写标准格式字帖

个英文字母书写标准格 式字帖 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

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英文字母书写练习模板

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6个英文字母书写标准格式字帖

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