上海中考一模复习笔记(综五)
沪版英语微测试(10分钟)
Choose the best answer:
The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some traditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the ‘Happy Birthday’ song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.
In China, on a child’s second birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells you what profession the child will choose later in life.
For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a special celebration Shichi-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono (和服). The priest (僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.
In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony (仪式), the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys.
Eighteen is the traditional ‘coming of age’— the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote (选举), join the army and (in Britain) drink alcohol or buy a house.
In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!
84. Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?
A) Putting many things on the floor. B) Wearing a new kimono.
C) Dancing a waltz. D) Sending birthday cards.
85. The usually organize a party at children’s special birthday celebration in Japan.
A) priests B) parents C) friends D) relatives
86. Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of .
A) five B) seven C) fifteen D) twenty-one
87. In many countries you can ________ when you reach the age of eighteen.
A) join the army B) have a key
C) have a special ceremony D) have special sweets
88. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A) The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.
B) Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.
C) You become the owner of your house at the age of fifteen.
D) In many countries you have the right to vote at the age of eighteen.
89. Which is the best title of this passage?
A) Birthday Traditions around the World
B) Chinese Birthday Celebrations
C) Japanese Special Celebration
D) The Drinking Age in Many Countries
Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage:
All about Britain’s Teen agers
School
British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, 90 they have
to work pretty hard! Today’s teens spend more time doing their homework than any teenagers in the past, studying for 2.5 –3 hours every evening. Free Time
It’s not all work, of course. What do British teenagers do to have 91 ? They love watching TV, going out, meeting friends in Internet cafés and listening to music.
Communications
In addition to the Internet, teenagers in Britain use their computers to play games and do their homework. They 92 love their mobile phones, and spend hours texting (发短信) their friends and chatting. Today, phones are getting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more
93 them than just talk. Text messaging has become the coolest and most popular way to communicate. More than 90% of 12- to 16-year-olds have a mobile, and experts say that this stops 94 from spending their money on sweets and cigarettes.
Fashion (服饰)
At school, almost all British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. However, in their free
95 they can wear whatever they like, and what they like is designer names such as Nike, Diesel and Paul Smith. In fact, 40% of British teens say that they think it is important to have the latest fashion. Looking good doesn’t come 96 , but many tee nagers think it usual or easy
to spend more than ￡100 on one item of clothing.
90. A) but B) or C) so D) because
91. A) lessons B) sports C) advice D) fun
92. A) never B) already C) also D) no longer
93. A) with B) for C) at D) in
94. A) teachers B) relatives C) friends D) teenagers
95. A) day B) time C) week D) month
96. A) cheap B) expensive C) special D) ordinary
上海英语中考常见知识点
Let’s practice! 让我们来练习！
（1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the stranger go. ---> The stranger was let go.
（2）若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital （3）Let’s…是让我们一起干……
e.g. Let’s star from here让我们从这里出发。
Where is the United States美国在哪里？
特殊疑问句的形式：疑问代词/副词 + 动词 be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词。疑问代词/副词包括 what, who, which, whom, whose, when, how, why, where 等。回答时不用yes 或no，而要根据实际情况回答。
1）what----Activity or thing (对行为和事物提问)。如：
What are you talking about 你们在谈什么？
We are talking about our family. 我们在谈论我们的家庭情况。
What is your name 你叫什么名字？
My name is Wang Li. 我叫王丽。
2）which----Thing or person (对特定的人或事物提问)。如：
Which man is your English teacher 哪位是你的英语老师？
The man in white. 那个穿着白衣服的。
3）who----Person (对人提问)。如：
Who will visit you tomorrow 明天谁来看你？
My father. 我爸爸。
4）whose----Possession （对人的所有关系提问）。如：
Whose book is this 这是谁的书？
It is my brother’s. 是我弟弟的。
5）when----Time （对时间提问）。如：
When will you finish your homework 你什么时候能完成作业？
Tomorrow. 明天。
6）where----Place （对地点提问）。如：
Where do you study 你在哪儿读书？
In Shanghai. 在上海。
7）why-----reason （对原因提问）。如：
Why are you late 你为什么迟到？
Because I missed the bus. 因为我没赶上公共汽车。
8）how的基本涵义是?怎样?，它的用法如下：
a、how 用于询问动作执行的方式、手段等，译为?怎样?。如：
How do you usually go to school 你通常怎样去上学。
On foot. 步行。
b、how 用于询问动作的执行程度，译为?怎样?。如：
How do you like China 你觉得中国怎么样？
I like it very much. 非常喜欢。
c、how 用于询问身体健康状况，译为?怎么样?。如：
How are you 你好吗
I'm fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢。
d、how 用在第一次见面的问候语中。如：
How do you do 你好!
e、how about 用于询问或征询意见等，相当于what about后接名词、代词或动词的 -ing 形式，译为?……怎么样?、?……好不好?。如：
I like playing football. How about you 我喜欢踢足球。你呢
f、how many 用于询问人或物品的数量，后接可数名词的复数形式，译为?多少?。如：
How many students are there in your class 你们班有多少名学生
There are sixty-five. 六十五名。
g、how much 既可询问物品数量，后接不可数名词，译为?多少?；又可询问物品价格，译为?多少钱?。
h、how old 询问年龄，译为?多大?。如：
How old are you 你多大了
I'm twelve. 我十二岁。
i、how far 用于询问距离，译为?多远?。如：
How far is it from here to the station 从这里到车站有多远
About three hundred metres. 大约三百米。
j、how long 既可询问时间，译为?多久?；又可询问物品的长度，译为?多长?。如：
How long is the river 这条河有多长
How long does it last 这要持续多久
What are they doing 他们在干什么？
现在进行时
一、现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成，如：
I am working. 我正在工作
You are not working. 你没在工作。
Is he (she) working 他（她）正在工作吗？
二、现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加—ing, 但是应该注意：
1）动词以单个e 结尾去掉e, 加 ing，如：
love _loving
argue _ arguing
2）动词以—ee结尾直接加 ing，如：
agree_ agreeing
see _ seeing
3）动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写，再加ing，如：
hit _ hitting
run _running
stop _ stopping
4）动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写，再加 ing，如：
begin__ beginning
admit__ admitting
5）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing，如：
carry __carrying
enjoy__enjoying
三、现在进行时的功用
1）表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作，如：
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying. 请不要发出噪音，我正在学习。
Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more. 我们出去吧。现在没夏雨了。
2)表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作，但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作，如：
He is building his own house. 他正在建他自己的房子。
David is learning Chinese in Beijing. 大卫正在北京学习中文。
这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。
3）表示最近的确定的安排，如：
A: Ann is coming tomorrow. 安明天要来。
B: Oh, is she What time is she arriving 哦，是吗？她什么时候到？
A: At 10:15. 10点一刻。
A: Are you meeting her at the station 你会去车站接她吗？
B: I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning. 不行，我明天上午要工作。以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如：
Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends. 汤姆周末总是外出。
My husband is always doing homework. 我丈夫总是在做功课。
有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有：
The picture is above the bed. 照片在床上面。
above和over
above（介词和副词）和 over（介词）两者的含义都是 higher than（高于），有时可以互换使用，如：
The helicopter hovered above／over us．直升机在我们的上空盘旋。
Flags waved above／over our heads．旗帜在我们头顶上方飘扬。
1）over可以表示覆盖（covering），在对面（on the other side of），横过（across），从一边到另一边（from one side to the other），如：
We put a rug over him．我们往他身上盖了一块小毛毯。
He lives over the mountain．他住在山的那一边。
There is a bridge over the river．河上有一座桥。
2）all over+ 名词／代词意为?在每一部分?，如：
He has friends all over the world．他的朋友遍天下。
above则不可能有上述这些意思。over还可有?多于?或?高于?的意思。above 只有?高于?的意思。
3）over和 above都可指较高的职位。但 He is over me通常表示He is my immediate superior（他是我的顶头上司）。above则不一定有此含义。
4）如果河上有一座桥，above the bridge的意思是upstream（在桥的上游）。5）over可与meals（饭）／food食物）／drink（饮料）等连用，如：
They had a chat over a cup of tea．他们喝茶时聊着天。
6）在take+表示时间的词语+over+名词／代词结构中，over可意为to do／finish（去做／完成）等，如：
He doesn’t take bug over lunch／to eat his lunch．他吃午饭没花多长时间。
He took ages over the job．他花了很长时间才干完那件事。（他花了很久才完成它。）
7）above也可作形容词或副词，意为?前文中的?（在图书或文章等中），如：the above address上述地址（前面提到过的地址）
see B above参见上文B（前面提到过的B）
The shoes are below the bed. 鞋子在床底下。
below和under
below（介词和副词）和under（介词）两者的含义都是lower than（低于），有时可以互换使用，但under可以表示contact（接触），如：
She put the letter under the pillow．她把信放在枕头下。
The ice crackled under his feet．冰在他的脚下劈啪作响。
1）below通常表示在两个表面之间有一定的间隔，如：
They live below us．他们住我们楼下。（例如，我们住在第五层，他们住在四层。）
同样：We live above them．我们住在他们的楼上。
2）below和under可以指junior in rank（职位较低）。但He is under me（他是我的手下）意指I am his immediate superior（我是他的顶头上司）。below 则不一定有此含义。
Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage
All about Britain’s Teenagers
School
British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, 90 they have to work pretty hard! Today‘s teens spend more time doing their homework than any teenagers in the past, studying for 2.5 –3 hours every evening.
Free Time
It‘s not all work, of course. What do British teenagers do to have 91 ? They love watching TV, going out, meeting friends in Internet cafés and listening to music.
Communications
In addition to the Internet, teenagers in Britain use their computers to play games and do their homework. They 92 love their mobile phones, and spend hours texting(发短信) their
friends and chatting. Today, phones are getting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more
93 them than just talk. Text messaging has become the coolest and most popular way to communicate. More than 90% of 12- to 16-year-olds have a mobile, and experts say that this stops 94 from spending their money on sweets and cigarettes.
Fashion(服饰)
At school, almost all British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. However, in their free
95 they can wear whatever they like, and what they like is designer names such as Nike, Diesel and Paul Smith. In fact, 40% of British teens say that they think it is important to have the latest fashion. Looking good doesn‘t come 96 , but many teenagers think it usual or easy to spend more than ￡100 on one item of clothing.
90. A) but B) or C) so D) because
91. A) lessons B) sports C) advice D) fun
92. A) never B) already C) also D) no longer
93. A) with B) for C) at D) in
94. A) teachers B) relatives C) friends D) teenagers
95. A) day B) time C) week D) month
96. A) cheap B) expensive C) special D) ordinary
E. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life easier for somebody? P 97 we all do sometimes, but we don‘t often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were t 98 groups in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those o 99 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether.
Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was c 100 ―Sunshine Superman‖ by one newspaper writing about his design. When p eople study the weather, it‘s important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 101 of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders o 102 record direct (直接的) sunshine. Neil‘s is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power. Neil plans to keep inventing.
The ideas in the competition were so g 103 that we are surprised that the industry (工业界) doesn‘t ask more school children for suggestions.
F. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题):
English is an important international language, but that doesn‘t mean it‘s easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier to learn —but they weren‘t always successful.
In 1930, Professor C.K. Ogden of Cambridge University invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldn‘t understand the answers in ?real‘ English! It was also impossible to explain a word if it wasn‘t in the Basic English word list.
R.E. Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language with the name Anglic. Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. ?Father‘ became ?faadher‘, ?new‘ became ?nue‘ and ?years‘ became ?yeerz‘. Unluckily, Anglic never became popular.
In the age of international communication through the Internet, who knows what will happen? ... a new form of English might appear. A large number of the world‘s e-mails are in English and include (包括) examples of ?NetLingo‘ like OIC (Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English might not be used. We might all speak fluent Internetish!
104. Many experts have tried to make English easier to learn, haven‘t they?
105. Who invented Basic English in 1930 ?
106. How long could most people learn Basic English according to Professor Ogden?
107. What was the biggest problem for learners of English according to Professor Zachrisson? 108. What might happen to English in another fifty years?
109. What do you think of the experts‘ ideas of making English easier?
第一组：
1. It‘s time for ...
It‘s time to do sth.
2. It‘s bad for ...
3. It‘s good for ...
4. be late for ...
5. What‘s wrong with …
What‘s the matter with ...
What‘s the trouble with ...
6. There is something wrong with ...
7. be afraid of …
be afraid to do sth.
8. neither…nor….
9. either….or….
10. both…and…
11. not…at all.
第二组：主语+谓语+宾语
1. help sb. do sth
2. had better do sth.
3. want to do sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. stop to do sth
stop doing sth.
6. begin to do sth.
7. decide to do sth.
8. like to do sth.
9. hope to do sth.
10. do one‘s best to do sth.
11. agree to do sth.
12. enjoy doing sth.
13. keep (on) doing sth
14. finish doing sth.
15. go on doing sth.
16. be busy doing sth.
17. feel like doing sth.
18. practise doing sth.
19. spend time/ money on sth
20. spend time in doing sth.
21. prevent/ stop sb. from doing sth.
第三组：主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)
1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
2. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
3. show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb.
4. bring sb. sth.= bring sth. to sb.
5. tell sb. sth.
6. teach sb. sth.
7. buy sb. sth.=buy sth for sb.
8. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb.
9. help sb. do sth.
help sb. with sth.
10. teach sb. to do sth.
第四组：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
1. tell sb. (not) to do sth.
2. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
3. would like sb. to do sth.
4. keep sb. +形容词
5. keep sb. doing sth.
6. let sb. (not) do sth.
7. make sb. (not) do sth.
8. have sth. done
9. see/ hear/ watch sb. do sth.
10. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth.
第五组：It 作形式主语
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2. It is +（important, necessary, difficult, possible, polite…）for sb. to do sth.
沪版初三化学课堂笔记(第七单元燃烧及其利用)
一、燃烧和灭火
1、燃烧的条件：(1)可燃物(2)氧气(或空气)(3)温度达到着火点(缺一不可)
2、灭火的原理：(只要消除燃烧条件的任意一个即可)
(1)消除可燃物(2)隔绝氧气(或空气)(3)降温到着火点以下
3、影响燃烧现象的因素：可燃物的性质、氧气的浓度、与氧气的接触面积
使燃料充分燃烧的两个条件：(1)要有足够多的空气；(2)燃料与空气有足够大的接触面积.
4、爆炸：可燃物在有限的空间内急速燃烧,气体体积迅速膨胀而引起爆炸.
一切可燃性气体、可燃性液体的蒸气、可燃性粉尘与空气(或氧气)的混合物遇火种均有可能发生爆炸.
二、燃料和能量
1、三大化石燃料：煤、石油、天然气(混合物、均为不可再生能源)
(1)煤：?工业的粮食?(主要含碳元素)；煤燃烧排放的污染物：SO2、NO2(引起酸雨)、CO、烟尘等
(2)石油：?工业的血液?(主要含碳、氢元素)；汽车尾气中污染物：CO、未燃烧的碳氢化合物、氮的氧化物、含铅化合物和烟尘
(3)天然气是气体矿物燃料(主要成分：甲烷),是较清洁的能源.
2、两种绿色能源：沼气、乙醇
(1)沼气的主要成分：甲烷
甲烷的化学式：CH4(最简单的有机物,相对分子质量最小的有机物)
物理性质：无色,无味的气体,密度比空气小,极难溶于水.
化学性质：可燃性CH4+2O2点燃CO2+2H2O(发出蓝色火焰)
(2)乙醇(俗称：酒精,化学式：C2H5OH)
化学性质：可燃性C2H5OH+3O2点燃2CO2+3H2O
工业酒精中常含有有毒的甲醇CH3OH,故不能用工业酒精配制酒!
乙醇汽油：优点(1)节约石油资源(2)减少汽车尾气(3)促进农业发展(4)乙醇可以再生
3、化学反应中的能量变化
放热反应：如所有的燃烧
吸热反应：如一般条件为?高温?的反应
4、新能源：氢能源、太阳能、核能、风能、地热能、潮汐能、氢气是最理想的燃料：
(1)优点：资源丰富,放热量多,无污染.
(2)需解决问题：①如何大量廉价的制取氢气?如何安全地运输、贮存氢气?
初中化学知识点记忆技巧一
1、化合价实质之歌，
化合价实质要记准，金正非负单质零;
氢一氧二应记住，正负总价和为零;
许多元素有变价，条件不同价不同。
注：?金正?指金属的化合价通常显正价：?非负?指非金属的化合价通常显负价。
2、化合价之歌
氢氯钾钠一价银，二价氧钡钙镁锌，三铝四硅磷五价，
二四六硫都齐啦。谈变价，也不难，二三铁，二四碳，
三二四五氮都有，二四六七锰来占，铜汞二价最常见。
氟氯溴碘本负一，特殊情况为正七。
3、书写化学式之歌
先念后写再标价，约分之后相交叉。
4、书写化学方程式之歌
左写反应物，右写生成物;中间连等号，条件要注清;
写对化学式，式子要配平;气体和沉淀，箭号标分明。
5、金属活动性顺序表
钾钙钠镁铝锌铁，锡铅(氢)，铜汞银铂金。
6、物质溶解性之歌
钾钠硝酸铵盐溶，盐酸不溶银亚汞;
硫酸铅、钡沉水中，碳酸、硫酸镁微溶;
溶碱有五位，钾钠铵钙钡。
7、关于元素周期表可以每五种元素为一句去记忆。
氢、氦、锂、铍、硼;碳、氮、氧、氟、氖。
钠、镁、铝、硅、磷;硫、氯、氩、钾、钙……
29．下列变化中，属于物理变化的是…………………………………………………（）
A．家庭自冰块 B．牛奶变酸
Ｃ．糯米酿制酒酿Ｄ．火柴燃烧
30．美国和日本的三位科学家以导电有机高分子材料的研究成果荣获2000年度诺贝尔化学奖，在其相关技术中用碘来掺杂聚合物，使其导电能力增强107倍，具有金属般的导电能力。碘（I2）属于…………………（）
A．金属单质 B．非金属单质Ｃ．化合物Ｄ．混合物31．上海被列为全国36个水质型缺水城市之一，并被联合国预测为21世纪洁净饮用水严重缺乏的世界六大城市之一。造成水质型缺水的主要原因是………（）
Ａ．河流上游水源污染较严重Ｂ．淡水资源短缺
Ｃ．降雨量不均匀Ｄ．取水点原离城市
32．我国已大面积推广食用合格碘盐，即在食盐中添加少量碘酸钾（KIO3）。在碘酸钾中,碘元素的化合价是………… ( )
A．＋１Ｂ．＋３Ｃ．＋５Ｄ．＋７33．点燃铝热剂（铝粉和氧化铁粉末的混合物）能释放大量的热量，生成熔融状
态的铁可用来修补铁轨，反应如下：Fe2O3+2Al Al2O3+2Fe,其中还原剂是…
（）
A．Fe2O3 B．Al Ｃ．Al2O3 Ｄ．Fe
34．1999年诺贝尔化学奖获得者艾哈迈德?泽维尔（Ahmed H．Zewail）,开创了＂飞秒（10-15秒）化学＂的新领域，使运用激光光谱技术观测化学反应时分子中原子的运动成为可能。你认为该技术不能观察到的是………（）Ａ．化学变化中反应物分子的分解Ｂ．反应中原子的运动
Ｃ．化学变化中生成物分子的形成Ｄ．原子核的内部结构
35．下面是几种农作物生长时对土壤pH值要求的最佳范围：茶5~5.5；西瓜6；大豆6~7；甜菜7~7.5。如果某地区经常降酸雨，以上农作物最不适宜种植的是………（）
Ａ．茶Ｂ．西瓜Ｃ．大豆Ｄ．甜菜36．下列物质在氧气中燃烧，生成黑色固体的是……………………（）Ａ．木炭Ｂ．硫磺Ｃ．镁带Ｄ．铁丝37．下列用途中不正确的是…………………………………（）
Ａ．草木灰用作钾肥
Ｂ．二氧化锰在氯酸钾分解制氧气的反应中作催化剂
Ｃ．氯气在自来水生产中的作用是吸附悬浮物
Ｄ．碳纳米管材料的强度是钢的100倍，轻而柔软，可用于制防弹衣
38．下列药品露于空气中一段时间后，因发生化学变化而质量减小的是…………（）
Ａ．酒精Ｂ．固体烧碱Ｃ．碳酸钠晶体Ｄ．生石灰39．用98%的浓硫酸（密度为1.84g/cm3）和水配制100g 10%的稀硫酸，下列仪器中一般不需要使用的是………………（）
Ａ．10ml量筒Ｂ．托盘天平Ｃ．100ml量筒Ｄ．250ml 烧杯
40．在FeO、Fe2O3、Fe3O4三种化合物中，与等质量铁元素相结合的氧元素的质量比为……………（）
Ａ．6:9:8 Ｂ．12:8:9 Ｃ．2:3:6 Ｄ．1:3:4
七、填空题（共２０分）
41．用化学符号表示：
（１）常温下密度最小的气体＿＿＿＿＿＿；
（２）可用来洗涤油腻容器的纯碱＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；
（３）写出地壳中含量最多的金属元素，并表明其在化合物中的化合价＿＿＿＿＿＿；
（４）某种气体在空气中占78%（体积百分含量），表示出它的８个分子＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；
42．某元素的原子结构示意图为，该元素原子核内质子数为＿＿＿＿，
该元素属于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（填金属、非金属、稀有气体）元素。
43．乙醚是人类很早就使用的麻醉剂，分子结构如右图，其中短线表示原子间的连接（例如水分子的结构可表示为Ｈ－Ｏ－Ｈ）。乙醚是由＿＿＿＿＿种元素组成的，式量（分子量）是＿＿＿＿＿＿。
44．市售紫葡萄的表皮上常附有一些前蓝绿色的斑点，它是为了防止霉菌而喷洒的农药波尔多液。波尔多液可由硫酸铜溶液与石灰水混合而制得（配置时不能使用铁制容器，因为硫酸铜溶液能跟铁发生反应）。其中石灰水可由生石灰跟水反应得到，而生石灰可由煅烧石灰石得到。按以下反应类型写出以上叙述中涉及反应的化学方程式：
化合反应：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；分解反应：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；
置换反应：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；复分解反应：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
＿。
45．到2005年，?西气东输?工将为上海送来30亿立方米天然气。天然气的主要成分是甲烷（CH4），它是一种?清洁能源?。甲烷在空气中完全燃烧生成二氧化碳和水，写出该反应的化学方程式：————————————————————————————————。城市煤气总通常含有CO气体，写出CO燃烧的化学方程式：————————————————————————————。煤气与天燃气相比，从安全角度看，煤气的缺点是————————————————————————————从环境的角度考虑，煤气，天然气和氢气中，首选的燃料是——————————————————————————————。
46．右图是A，B两种固体物质的溶解度曲线。
(1) 在t1 oC时，A的溶解度比B————（填大或小）
(2) 在t2oC时，————————（填能或不能）配制40%的A溶液。47．某固体样品中，可能含有Na2CO3、Na2SO4、NaCl、Cu(NO3)2、Ca(NO3)2中的一种或几种。将样品溶于水得到无色溶液，滴加BaCl2溶液后产生白色沉淀。过滤，向白色沉淀中加入足量的稀硝酸，沉淀全部溶解。推断：该固体中肯定存在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，肯定不存在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
八、实验题（共１３分）
48．某学生为了验证氢气还原氧化铜的产
物，
设计了右图实验装置。
(1)写出编号仪器的名称：
①＿＿＿＿＿；②＿＿＿＿＿。
(2)本实验需要加热的装置字母编号为＿
＿。
(3)装置Ｂ、Ｃ中可观察到的现象分别为：
Ｂ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；
Ｃ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
(4)装置Ａ还可以用于＿＿。（填①或②）
①氯酸钾分解制O2 ②大理石跟盐酸反应制CO2
(5)为了达到实验目的，使根据现象得出的结论更科学，上述实验装置添加酒精灯后还存在缺陷，请提出简要修改方案：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。49．某废液中含有ZnCl2、FeCl2和CuCl2,要从中全部回收金属铜。某化学兴趣小组的同学先加入稍过量的铁粉，充分反应后过滤，滤渣中含有＿＿＿＿＿＿，如何用化学方法继续实验得到纯净的金属铜，请写出简要的实验步骤（包括加入试剂和操作方法）：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
50．实验室有失落标签的四瓶无色溶液：MgCl2、NaCl、HCl和NaOH，现实验桌
九、计算题（共５分）
51．在某温度下，20gCuSO4饱和溶液跟20g 10%的NaOH溶液恰好完全反应。
(1) 求硫酸铜溶液中所含溶质的质量。
(2) 求该温度下硫酸铜的溶解度。
(3) 求反应后溶液的质量百分比浓度（精确到0.1%）。
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2013上海中考英语一模阅读理解 ACN Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）:（12分） James shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. $24.17 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was at least $90! How was he going to get the end of the money? He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard to hang around(闲逛) with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. It was no use asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to save. There was only one way to get money, and that was to earn it. He would have to find a job. But who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had opinions on most things. “Well, you can start right here,” said Mr. Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.” That was the beginning of James’ part-time job. For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the variety of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books. He lost count of the number of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the money increased and he knew that he would soon have enough for the bicycle he was eager to have. The day finally came when James counted his money and found $94.32. He wasted no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted. He rode proudly home, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends. It had been hard working for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more since he had bought it with his own money. 74.James in the passage was probably ________. A. a cleaner B. a worker C. a student D. a teacher 75.The only way for James to earn money was to ________. A.find a part-time job B. borrow some from his parents C. ask Mr. Clay for help D. study very hard 76. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. He mended books. B. He cleared out cupboards. C. He washed dogs. D. He cleaned windows. 77. The underline phrase “lost count of” in paragraph 5 means ________. A. remembered B. forgot C. added D. reduced 78. James valued his bicycle very much because ________. A. it was very expensive B. it was bought with his own money C. he was too poor to have one D. his friends all had bicycles. 79. What’s the best title of this passage? A. Too poor to have a bicycle. B. A part-time job. C. How to get a bicycle. D. James’ new bicycle.
上海版2020届中考一模英语试题A卷
上海版2020届中考一模英语试题A卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、完形填空 (共1题；共10分) 1. （10分）根据短文理解，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。 After Columbus discovered the New Continent(新大陆) and 1 back to his motherland, Spain, he was warmly 2. But not everyone felt 3 at Columbus' Success. Some people thought Columbus was only a 4 and what he had done could be done by any other seaman. One day, at a dinner, some self-important men did what they could to 5 Columbus unhappy, saying that he had only done the 6 thing in the world. Hearing this instead of jumping up angrily, Columbus took an 7 from a dish and asked,“Look, here, gentlemen, is there anyone here who can make this egg stand upright?” They tried one by one but none could. Then the egg 8 back to Columbus. He broke it a little, put the egg on the table and it stood upright. “What can be easier than this, gentlemen?” he said, “Now you will say it's so9 that everybody can do it. Of course, because I have shown you now.” They looked at each other and talked10. （1） A . took B . gave C . got （2） A . surprised B . welcomed C . attracted （3） A . glad B . angry C . sad （4） A . fireman B . businessman C . seaman （5） A . show B . help
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宝山区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷 It may be hard to believe that many people eat insects （昆虫）and bugs（虫子）. Insects are now very common in all of their processed food（加工食品）. Imagine sitting down at the dinner table and b___86____ served a bowl of worms(软体虫). It’s eno ugh to make most Westerners stomachs t____87____. But in other countries the same meal makes people’s mouths water. Eating bugs has been around for thousands of years in some countries . Today it’s estimated（估计）that more than half of the people of the world eat different kinds of bugs. Not only do these insects taste g__88___, but also they are a cheap and nutritious food source. In the US, some people eat bugs for quite a different reason to show their courage. In television shows l____89_____ Survivor, contestants（参赛者）eat beetles （甲壳虫）and spiders(蜘蛛), and viewers watch the shows at home, feeling shocked and disgusted(恶心的). But many of the viewers don’t realize that they may have done the same thing but just don’t know it! Many American people don’t p____90_____ eat bugs, but in the future they may. There are fewer and fewer natural r___91____ and the population is getting larger and larger. Experts say that insects will be raised as an alternative （可供选择的）form of protein（蛋白质）. If more people did their part to eat bugs and broaden their diets and did not just go out and eat chicken, beef and pork, the planet would be better off (境况改善) today. Western children are not as n___92____ about bugs as their parents, because they often visit science museums and zoos, and at school they are learning more about the environment and bugs. 长宁区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷 “Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package. The package consisted of a long, narrow box, c___86___ wrapped(包装) in brown paper. Opening the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside –a very old one with a beautifully carved handle. A___87___ he had not seen it for more than 20 years, he recognized it immediately. Oscar was 16 when he first saw the u___88___ umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents, as they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. Impressed by its beauty, Oscar felt a strong desire to find its o___89___. With the manager’s help, Oscar found it belonged to Mrs. Katie O’Brien. Oscar and his grandp arents went to Mrs. O’Brien’s house on their way home. When he rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. “May I help you?” she asked. “I’d like to r___90___ it if it’s yours,” Oscar said, holding out the umbrella as if presenting a gift that had long been wished for. “Why, yes! It’s mine,” replied Mrs. O’Brien with a wide smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much ! May I offer you a reward f___91___ your kindness?” “No, ma’am,” he said, “My grandmother says a good deed is its own reward.” Years later, Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs. O’Brien. It was in perfect condition, considering how old it was. Why had it a___92___ here today?
上海市浦东区2017初三一模英语试卷含答案
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2016年上海市中考英语一模试卷和答案
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C．Go to the cinema D．Read a book． 11．（1分）A．Fifteen minutes’walk B．Fifteen minutes’bus ride C．Fifty minutes’walk D．Fifty minutes’bus ride． 12．（1分）A．Thursday B．Friday C．Saturday D．Sunday． 13．（1分）A．Trips B．Computers C．Parents D．Jobs． 14．（1分）A．At the beach B．At the airport C．In the theatre D．In the hotel． Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：（共6分） 15．（6分）15．My aunt and uncle sent me a bottle of honey as a birthday present last year． 16．The smell of my hair attracted lots of bees when I were outside． 17．I jumped into my neighbor’s swimming pool to stay away from the bees．18．When I climbed out of the pool，the bees were still flying around． 19．My aunt and uncle wrote me a letter to apologize to me． 20．This is a story about my unforgettable birthday present． Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences（听对话，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）：（共10分）
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上海普陀区英语中考一 模试题及答案精校版 TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-
普陀区2015--16学年度第一学期初三质量调研 英语试卷 II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案）（共20分） 26.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others? A. He has a good memory for face. valley goes from west to east.. C. She has changed a lot in recent years. D. He had a pain in the neck.. 27.Which of the following words matches the sound / ba?t / 28. 29. A. bit B. bite C. beat D. boat 30.These two little girls were chatting happily all ________ way to school. A. a B. an C. the D. / 31.The 17th Shanghai International Arts Festival ended November 16th 32. A. on B. at C. in D. until 33.Alice was shown around London by a friend of yesterday. 34. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 35.The book is useful because it gives us advice on how to improve memory. 36. A. few B. little C. many D. much 37.We should be friendly to the old and care them in daily life.
上海市各区县中考英语一模试卷 首字母填空总汇
英语试卷首字母填空总汇 松江区 C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分) An 8-year-old Miami boy, Joshua Williams, is president of his own non-profit organization---Joshua’s Save the World. His organization provides food and clothes for p 81 people and families in Miami and the neighboring areas. Joshua has r 82 thousands of dollars for his organization. He started to help the hungry when he was just 5. He was in his mother’s car when they passed a beggar. Joshua asked his mother to stop so that he could give him $20. “It’s my m 83 . I want to help him, Mum,” Joshua recalled. One year later, he created his organization with the help of his mother and Francine Hanna, a local businesswoman. “He just thought that was what he wanted to do,” his mother said. “And there was nothing that could s 84 him.” The organization now provides clothing, furniture and food for the poor people in America. At the same time, Joshua never misses a c 85 to encourage other people to follow what he did whether at church or on the streets. Earl Laird lost his job two years ago and hasn’t managed to get a n 86 one. Without money, he can’t pay for the flat and has to live on the street. He depends on food fr om Joshua’s Save the World. “Joshua is an angel (天使) from God,” he said. Joshua has won Miami’s “Do the Right Thing” award and the “Kids Who Care” competition, which awarded him a $1,000 note. Even though he has a 87 done plenty, he said that his mission (使命)to provide for the poor is far from finished. “I want to get a team together,” Joshua said. “I want my team to go out and give food to people who have a need for it. I want to spread love to countries in Africa.” 2.闸北区 C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分） The story behind the shopping cart Characters Sylvan Goldman – owner of a grocery shop Fred Young –Sylvan’s friend, a mechanic(机械师) One night in 1936, in an American city. Inside Fred’s workshop, Sylvan sits next to Fred, who is making adjustments(调试) to their new i 81 – a shopping cart. Sylvan: My customers don’t like our shopping cart. Fred: Really? So they p 82 shopping with those heavy baskets? Sylvan: (nods) I’ve got a huge crowd of customers every day, b 83 none of them wants to use the cart. Fred: I don’t understand. We invented the cart so that people don’t need to carry
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