综合教程1-Unit7 key words and lecture notes

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

on one’s way to

in the process of coming, going, or traveling to去……的途中

e.g. 1. I’ll buy some bread on my way home.

2. We were already on the way to the airport when we realized we’d forgotten our passports.

我们已经在去机场途中了，突然意识到忘记带护照了。

Usage: phrases with ―way‖

all the way

一路上；彻底地by the way

顺便说一下

by way of

途经

in a way; in one way; in some ways

某种程度上in a big (small) way

大（小）规模

in the way

造成不便或障碍

one way or another 考虑到各个方面the other way round

相反

out of the way

偏远

to my way of thinking 在我看来under way

已经开始并进行着

go wrong

1. experience problems or difficulties 不如意，不对头；遇到麻烦

e.g. 1. The party was going well until my parents arrived; then everything went wrong.

2. Their marriage started to go wrong when he got a job abroad.

他得到一份在国外的工作, 他们的婚姻就在那时开始出现问题。

2. make mistakes at a particular stage in a process 犯错

e.g. Check your work again and see if you can spot where you went wrong.

trap n.

a plan for deceiving and tricking a person（人的）计谋，策略，陷阱

e.g. 1. His pleasant conversation was just a trap to make her say more than she should.

他愉快的谈话不过是个策略，诱使她多说些她本不该说的话。

2. It is easy to fall into the trap of taking out a loan you cannot afford.

很容易就钻进陷阱，背上你偿还不起的贷款。

Collocations:

lay / set a trap be / get caught in a trap fall into / walk into a trap

rent vt.

esp. AmE pay money for the use of (a car, boat, etc.) for a short time 〖尤美〗租用（汽车、船只等）

e.g. 1. Hong Kong is one of the most expensive cities in the world to rent space in.

2. Will you rent a car while you’re in Spain?

你在西班牙期间会租辆车吗？

CF: rent, hire, lease

租房子用rent，如: We rented an apartment together.

在美式英语里，租车,租电器产品也可以用rent，如: The TV is rented.

而在英式英语里，虽然也可以说rent a car，但是经常说的是hire a car，如: You can hire a car at the airport. 长时间地租房子，租车或租设备，尤其是用于商业目的，可以用lease，如: If you upgrade computers regularly, it may work out cheaper to lease them.

break down

1. (esp. of machinery) stop working; fail （机器）停止运转；坏掉

e.g. 1. We’re sorry to arrive late, but the bus broke down soon after we set of

f.

2. The telephone system has broken down.

电话系统失灵了。

2. fail; collapse 失败；崩溃；瓦解；垮

e.g. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.

双方谈判已经破裂。

3. (of sb’s health) become very bad; collapse （指某人健康状况）变得恶劣；垮

e.g. Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。

4. lose control of one’s feelings 感情失去控制

e.g. He broke down and wept when he heard the news.

他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。

irritable a.

tending to get angry at small things; easily annoyed易怒的，急躁的

e.g. 1. The long drive home from work left him feeling tired and irritable.

下班回家长长的车程让他感到又累又急。

2. He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable.

已经等了一个多小时他开始急了。

occupy vt.

use a place 占用

e.g. 1. Many patients who are occupying hospital beds could be transferred to other places.

许多现在正占用床位的病人可以转到其他地方。

2. The bathroom’s occupied. I think John’s in there.

厕所有人。我想约翰正在里面。

(all) by oneself

alone, without help 单独地，独自地

e.g. 1. He was sitting by himself, looking very sad.

2. David spent Christmas all by himself.

戴维一个人过的圣诞节。

miserable a.

very unhappy 极不愉快的，痛苦的

e.g. 1. The child is cold, hungry, and tired; of course he’s feeling miserable.

2. I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.

单独一个人呆在家里，我过了一个很不开心的周末。

scold vt.

old-fash speak angrily and complainingly to (sb. who has done sth. wrong) 〖过时〗责骂；斥责（做错事的人）

e.g. 1. Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that.

2. He never raised his voice or scolded me unfairly.

他从来不提高嗓门或不分青红皂白地责骂我。

defend vt.

use arguments to support, protect, or show the rightness of 为…辩护

e.g. 1. How can you defend the killing of animals for scientific research?

2. Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.

学生应该勇于解释自己的观点并为之辩护。

minor a.

lesser or smaller in degree, size, number, or importance when compared with others 较少（小）的；低级的，次要的

e.g. 1. He left most of his money to his sons; his daughter received only a minor share of

his wealth.

2. There may be some minor changes to the schedule.

时间表可能有些小的改动。

Antonym: major

interrupt vt.

break the flow of speech or action of (sb.) by saying or doing sth. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰

e.g. 1. She’s studying for an exam tomorrow, so you’d better not interrupt her.

2. Will you stop interrupting me when I’m talking!

我说话的时候请不要打断我！

straighten up

get up from a bent-over position 直起身来，挺起身来

e.g. 1. He straightens up, combs his hair, and walks into the meeting.

2. Straighten up slowly, then repeat the exercise ten times.

慢慢直起身，然后重复这个练习10次。

permission n.

[U] an esp. formal text of allowing, written or spoken agreement 许可，准许；批准

e.g. 1. They can not leave the country without permission.

2. You must ask permission before taking any photographs inside the church.

你必须取得同意才能在教堂里拍照。

Collocations:

ask / request / apply for permission

give / grant permission

get / obtain / receive permission

have permission (to do sth.)

refuse / deny (sb.) permission

with / without (sb.’s) permission

special / written permission

注意:

不能说a permission或者the permission。

depart vi.

fml or lit leave; go away, esp. when starting a journey〖正式或文〗离开

e.g. 1. The 12.15 train to Atlanta will depart from Platform 16.

12点15分去亚特兰大的列车在16号站台乘车。

2. The ship was due to depart at any moment.

船随时都会出发的。

lean vi.(leant, leant or leaned, leaned)

slope or bend from an upright position 倾斜；弯斜，屈身

e.g. 1. Last summer vacation I went to Italy and visited the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

2. A man was leaning out of the window.

一个男的把身子探出窗外。

ancient a.

1. usu. humor (of people or objects) very old; in or of times long ago〖一般幽〗老掉牙的；古代的

e.g. 1. I look rather ancient in this photo.

2. I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves.

看到年轻一代的举止行为, 我觉得我太老了。

2. belonging to times long past 古代的；远古的

e.g. Rome is famous for its ancient monuments such as the Coliseum.

罗马因其古老的建筑物而闻名，如斗兽场。

enthusiasm n.

a strong active feeling of interest and admiration 巨大的兴趣，热情，热心，热忱

e.g. 1. The play he watched last night aroused his enthusiasm for acting.

2. Employers showed little enthusiasm for the new regulations.

用人单位对新规定没有多大热情。

Collocations:

with enthusiasm

great / much / considerable / enormous enthusiasm

little enthusiasm

lack of enthusiasm

full of enthusiasm

show (great / considerable / little) enthusiasm

lose enthusiasm

share sb.’s enthusiasm

fire sb. with enthusiasm

generate enthusiasm

dampen sb.’s enthusiasm

boundless / unbounded enthusiasm

deliver vt.

1. take (goods, letters, etc.) to people’s houses or places of work 递送，传送

e.g. 1. Letters are delivered to the small town every other day.

2. Unfortunately the package was delivered to the wrong address.

不幸的是，包裹投递错了地方。

2. give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）

e.g. She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society.

她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话。

release vt.

1. express a feeling that one has been trying not to show 释放，放出

e.g. 1. He punched the pillow in an effort to release his anger.

他击打枕头来发泄怒火。

2. Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.

体育锻炼是一种很好的释放压力的方式。

2. make sth. available to the public 发布（新闻等）；发行（影片等）

e.g. 1. The latest developments have just been released to the media.

最新的进展情况已向大众传播媒介发表。

2. The new model has now been released for sale to export markets.

新型号的产品现已向出口市场出售。

Difficult Sentences for Text A

1.Through the front door came an old French flower woman. (Para. 6)

Q: What special pattern have you noticed in this sentence?

A: Full inversion.

Q: Please make a sentence using full inversion.

A: Possible answer:

There went the bus.

Round the corner came a policeman.

2.To the piano player she said hoarsely, ―Can you imagine, Joseph,soup on Christmas Eve?‖ (Para. 9)

Q: Why did the woman mention ―soup on Christmas Eve‖?

A: The old French flower woman had had no business for the whole afternoon and she couldn’t afford a more decent dinner on Christmas Eve, but could only buy herself some soup.

3.―Sir,‖ he said to me, ―may I have permission to present this flower to your beautiful daughter?‖ (Para. 16)

Q: Who did the sailor refer to as ―your beautiful daughter‖?

A: The writer’s wife.

Q: Do you think he had made a mistake?

A: Either by mistake or most probably on purpose, the American sailor referred to the writer’s wife as the writer’s ―daughter‖, which implied that the lady looked very young. He did so just to cheer them up.

4. A few seconds later, Christmas exploded throughout the restaurant like a bomb. (Para. 17)

Q: What does the sentence imply?

A: Christmas spirit was contagious and everybody in the restaurant was touched by the American sailor’s kind act. People started sharing and giving and a feeling of joy and happiness suddenly filled the restaurant.

5.He released the love and joy that had been smothered within us by anger and disappointment. (Para. 23)

Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.

A: Our love and joy were buried under our anger and disappointment until the American sailor inspired us to express our love and joy.

Extended Questions

▇Extended questions （Para. 1）

Q:What is a ―tourist trap‖? What does the word ―t rap‖ remind us of?

A: A tourist trap is a place, such as a shop or resort area, that offers overpriced goods and services to tourists. The word ―t rap‖ reminds us of something that is attractive on the surface, but lures you to lose more, e.g. a trap to catch an animal.

Q:What did the writer mean when he said there was no Christmas spirit in their heart?

A:The Christmas season is supposed to be one full of joy and cheer, but they had had such a bad time that they did not feel joyous or cheerful at all.

▇Extended question （Paras. 2-3）

Q:What can you infer from the fact that the diners were all eating in ―stony silence‖?

A:It shows that the customers were unhappy.

▇Extended questions （Paras. 4-6）

Q:What could the boys have said to defend their mother?

A:They might have said: ―Dad, you shouldn’t have blamed mom. It’s not her fault.‖

▇Extended questions （Paras. 7-9）

Q:The flower lady called the piano player ―Joseph.‖ What does that show?

A:It shows that they knew each other pretty well and probably she had been selling flowers for a long time in the area and the piano player performed regularly in the restaurant.

Q:What did the flower lady mean when she said ―Can you imagine soup on Christmas Eve?‖

A:The old French flower woman had had no business for the whole afternoon and she couldn’t afford a more decent dinner on Christmas Eve, but could only buy herself some soup. She was actually complaining.

Q:Do you know what a typical Christmas dinner is like? What dishes are usually served at Christmas dinner?

A:Christmas dinner is usually the biggest meal of the year in western countries. A typical Christmas dinner would be stuffed turkey served with roast ham and possibly roast beef as well, accompanied by roast potatoes and other vegetables such as carrots and peas. This is followed by a Christmas pudding that has brandy poured over it and is then set alight, a custom springing from the belief that this burns away all the evil spirits of the past year.

▇Extended questions （Paras. 10-12）

Q:What do you know about the practice of tipping in western countries?

A:Tipping is a usual practice in service sectors, such as at a restaurant or a hotel.

▇Extended questions （Paras. 13-16）

Q:What does the writer mean by using the expression ―ancient cheek‖ to refer to the flower woman?

A:It means that she was old and she had old and wrinkled cheeks.

▇Extended questions （Paras. 17-18）

Q:Each of the first three short sentences of Para. 17 starts with ―everyone‖. What effect do you think it has on the reader?

A:It has an emphatic effect to show that the sailor’s action affected everybody. It also helps create a vivid picture of the joyous atmosphere.

Q:What does it mean to say ―Christmas exploded throughout the restaurant like a bomb‖?

A:Christmas spirit was contagious and everybody in the restaurant was touched by the American sailor’s kind act. People started sharing and giving and a feeling of joy and happiness suddenly filled the restaurant.

Q:Do you happen to know the main idea of the song ―Good King Wenceslaus‖?

A:The main idea is about the importance of sharing with the poor, and one famous line in the song has the meaning: ―You who now will bless the poor will find blessing for yourself.‖

▇Extended questions （Paras. 19-20）

Q:What do you think caused these changes?

A:The American sailor, whose kind act of sharing, brought back the joy of Christmas.

▇Extended questions （Paras. 21-22）

Q:Why do you think half of the diners were crying?

A:They were touched by the Christmas spirit of sharing and the wonderful atmosphere.

▇Extended questions （Para. 23）

Q:Do you have a better understanding of the spirit of Christmas after reading the story?

A:Y es. I think the essence of the Christmas spirit lies in peace, good will, love and sharing.

Section C Voicing Your Views

1 Interview four students to hear their views on what leads to good interpersonal relationship. Put down the

Some possible answers are:

Sincerity

Honesty

Integrity

Communication

Kindness

Willingness to help

Compliment

Appreciation

Gratitude

Patience

…

2 Below are comments made on interpersonal relationship.

Discuss these views with your group members and see whether you accept any of them.

1)Interpersonal relationship is the most difficult to handle. Even if you have tried your best, you may still be

misunderstood and get hurt.

Hints:

Interpersonal relationship is difficult to handle. Even initial good relationship can turn sour and friends can turn enemies etc.

2)People hurt, so the safest way is to stay alone and rely on oneself rather than building good relationship

with others.

Hints:

This comment sounds quite anti-social and not quite realistic.

3)No one is an island. In order to survive in this world, we must maintain good relationship with others.

Hints:

No one can really live all by himself / herself as a human being is a social being.

4) A good strategy to maintain good relationship is being willing to give in.

Hints:

Being willing to give in may be a way to maintain relationship in some situations, but not always.In certain

occasions, one needs to be assertive rather than just giving in.

5)Good interpersonal relationship can only be built through mutual respect.

Hints:

Mutual respect is important to good interpersonal relationship. It is not possible to keep good relationship with someone you look down upon.

6) A communication channel must be open for a conflict to be solved.

Hints:

In order to solve a conflict, it is important for both parties to be willing to communicate, whether the communication is through talking or writing to each other.

Text B

Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Key Words:

encounter vt.

1.fml to meet sb. without planning to 〖正式〗邂逅

e. g. 1. The story is simple a man and a woman encounter each other and are attracted to each other.

2. She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered.

synonyms: come across, run into, bump into

2. fml meet or have to deal with (sth. bad, esp. a danger or a difficulty); be faced with 〖正式〗遇到；遭遇

(尤指危险或困难等）

e. g. 1. The environmental problems they found in this city were among the worst they had ever

encountered.

2. The government has encountered strong opposition to its plans to raise income tax.

significant a.of noticeable importance, effort, or influence 重要的，重大的，有意义的，影响深远的

e. g. 1. All their customs and cultures have made a very significant contribution to the way we live.

2. Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.

Noun: significance

Antonym: insignificant

deserve vt. [not in progressive forms] have earned by one’s actions or character ; be worthy of [不用进行式] 应受，应得，值得

e. g. 1. Honors do not always go to those who deserve them.

2. Paula deserves a special mention for all the help she has given us.

Collocations:

deserve to do sth.

richly / fully / thoroughly, etc. deserve sth.

deserve a rest / break / holiday, etc.

deserve all / everything one gets

endure vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) patiently or for a long time （长时间地）忍受，忍耐（痛苦、苦难等）；容忍

e.g. 1. They endured tremendous hardship on their journey to the South Pole.

2. They had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.

Synonyms: bear, stand, put up with

attach vt.[(to)] fasten in position; fix or connect [常与to连用]系，绑；贴；固定；联结；附着

e.g. 1. Be careful of the handle —it’s not very well attached.

2. Please attach a recent photograph to your application form.

Compare ―detach‖:

detach vt. unfasten sth. from sth.; disconnect sth. 将某物拆下；拆开某物；分开某物

e.g. You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it.

assist vt.[(in, with)] fml help or support [常与in或with连用]〖正式〗帮助，协助

e.g. 1. Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection.

2. Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.

inquire vt. [(about, into)] ask information [常与about或into连用]询问，打听

e.g. 1. The police are inquiring into the disappearance of the jewellery.

2. I am writing to inquire about your advertisement in The Times.

Collocations:

inquire about sth.

inquire sth. of sb.

inquire how / whether / why, etc.

inquire into sth.

inquire after sb. / sth.

obstacle n.[(to)] sth. which prevents action, movement or success [常与to连用] 障碍（物），妨碍，阻碍，干扰

e.g. 1. The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.

2. Fear of change is an obstacle to progress.

Collocations:

put / place obstacles in the way (of sth.)

overcome an obstacle

remove an obstacle

main / biggest / greatest obstacle

major / serious obstacle

insuperable obstacle

formidable obstacle

legal obstacle

political obstacle

blame vt. consider (sb. or sth.) responsible for (sth. bad) 责怪，怪罪，把……归咎于

e.g. 1. They blamed the failure of the talks on the Russians.

2. Don’t blame me –it’s not my fault.

Usage:

blame sb. / sth. for sth.

blame sth. on sb. / sth.

sb. / sth. is to blame (for sth.)

partly / largely / entirely, etc. to blame

I don’t blame you / you can hardly blame him, etc.

don’t blame me

sb. only has himself / herself to blame

approach vt. 1.move towards or nearer to sb. or sth. 走近；靠近，接近

e.g. 1. As the train approached a station, its whistle sounded shrilly.

2. The total amount raised so far is approaching $1000.

2. be similar in quality or character to (sb. / sth.) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人[某事物]）

e.g. Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare’s greatness.

莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背。

3. go to (sb.) for help or support or in order to offer sth. （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）

e.g. We’ve just approached the bank for/about a loan.

我们已经找了银行寻求贷款。

4. begin to tackle (a task, problem, etc.) 着手处理（事务、难题等）

e.g.Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it.

要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策。

strain vi. make (too) great efforts; damage or weaken (oneself or a part of the body) through too much effort or pressure 使劲，竭尽全力，（过分）努力；(因过分用力而）损伤，拉伤，扭伤(自己或身体某个部位）

e.g. 1. She was straining to keep her head above the water.

2. You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light.

recovery n. [(from)] a return to good health, a strong condition, etc.; the getting back of sth. [常与from连用]恢复健康，复原; 重获；复得

e.g. 1. Ann made a quick recovery from her operation.

2. At last the economy is showing signs of recovery.

3. There is a reward for information leading to the recovery of the missing diamonds.

fade vi. disappear or die gradually 逐渐消失

e.g. 1. Hopes of a peace settlement are beginning to fade.

2. All other issues fade into insignificance compared with the struggle for survival. Collocations:

fade in（使画面）清晰度逐渐增强；（使音量）逐渐增大

eg. Additional background sound is faded in at the beginning of the shot.

fade out（使画面）清晰度逐渐减弱；（使音量）逐渐减小

eg. As the programme ended, their conversation was faded out.

tremble vi. shake uncontrollably with quick short movements, usu. from fear, excitement, or weakness 颤抖，发抖，震颤，战栗

e.g. 1. His mouth became dry, his eyes widened, and he began to tremble all over.

2. Greene was on his feet now, his body trembling with rage.

Expressions:

deal with take action about 对付，应付，处理

e.g. 1. This topic is dealt with at greater length in the following chapter.

2. They should deal properly and fairly with any complaint.

Synonyms: cope with, handle

breeze through pass (a test) easily 毫不费力地通过（考试）

e.g. 1. She had reviewed her lessons so thoroughly that she simply breezed through the exam.

2. She breezed through the song as though she’d been singing it for years.

go by pass (in place or time) (时光）逝去；经过(某处）

e.g. 1. Things will get easier as time goes by.

2. Hardly a week goes by without some food scare being reported in the media.

come along appear or arrive by chance 偶然出现，产生

e.g. 1. I got the job because I came along at the right time.

2. Take any job opportunity that comes along.

make it arrive in time 及时到达

e.g. 1. It rained hard; we still made it in time for the ceremony.

2. With blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearby house.

3. The flight leaves in twenty minutes — we’ll never make it.

right away esp. AmE at once; without delay 〖尤美〗立即，马上

e.g. 1. Don’t worry; I will go and find your child right away.

2. I want it sent right away.

Section B Difficult Sentences

1. Many loudly blamed the King for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about getting the stone out of the way. (Para. 9)

1)Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Answers for reference:

许多人大声指责国王没有把道路清理好，但是谁也不去想办法把石头从路上弄走。

2)Translate the Chinese sentence into English, copying the above underlined patterns to express

comparison.

许多人抱怨交通堵塞，空气污浊，但是谁也不愿意放弃私家车而改乘公交。

Answer for reference:

Many complain about traffic jams and dirty air, but none was willing to give up private cars for public transport.

2. Every obstacle presents an opportunity to improve our condition. (Para. 9)

1)Please paraphrase the sentence.

Answers for reference:

Every difficulty we come across gives us a chance to make our life better.

2)What does the sentence imply?

Answers for reference:

We will be rewarded every time when we overcome some obstacle or problem. So don’t evade the problem, but face up to it and try to defeat it.

3. Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion from her 5-year-old brother, who had miraculously survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies needed to combat the illness. (Para. 10)

1)Analyze the sentence structure by filling the blanks.

主句主谓：________________________________________

定语从句谓语：____________________________________

needed to combat the illness是_____________修饰_____________

keys:

主句主谓：Her only chance of recovery (主语) appeared (谓语)

定语从句谓语：had survived (谓语1) and had developed (谓语2)

needed to combat the illness是过去分词短语作定语修饰the antibiodies

2)Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Answer for reference:

她唯一康复的机会只有靠她五岁的弟弟输血给她，因为她弟弟也曾患同样的病并奇迹般地好了，而且体内还产生了抵抗这种疾病的抗体。

Section C Comprehension questions

▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 1-5)

Q1: What did the professor do during the narrator’s second month of college?

A1: He gave his students a pop quiz.

Q2: What kind of student was the narrator?

A2: He was a conscientious student.

Q3: Was the quiz difficult for the narrator? How do we know?

A3: For the most part, no, because he was able to breeze through the questions. But the last question was a difficult one for him.

Q4: Was the narrator able to answer the last question correctly?

A4: No, he wasn’t. He left the last question blank.

Q5: Was the last question some kind of joke?

A5: No, it was included as part of the total grade for the quiz.

Q6: What was the purpose of the last question?

A6: The professor would like his/her students to pay attention to and show respect for the people around them, no matter who they are and whether they are important or not.

▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 6-7)

Q1: What was an elderly African American woman doing one night?

A1: She was standing on the side of an Alabama highway.

Q2: What was the weather like that night?

A2: It was raining very heavily.

Q3: Why was the woman standing on the side of the highway?

A3: She was standing there because her car had broken down.

Q4: What did she decide to do then?

A4: She decided to flag down the next car.

Q5: Was she able to stop a car?

A5: Yes, she was. A young white man stopped to help her.

A6: What was so special about the help of the young white man?

A6: It was special because for a young white man to help an elderly African American woman was very rare during the 1960’s when there were a lot of conflicts between black and white Americans.

Q7: Did the young white man take the woman to her home?

A7: No, he helped her get assistance and put her into a taxicab.

Q8: How did Mrs. Cole thank the young man?

A8: She bought a big color TV set and had it delivered to his home.

Q9: Why was Mrs. Cole in a big hurry that night?

A9: She was in a hurry because her husband was dying and she wanted to make it to his bedside before he died.

Q10: Did Mrs. Cole manage to see her husband before he died?

A10: Yes, she did, thanks to the help given by the young man.

▇Comprehension questions (Para. 8)

Q1: How much money did the boy have at the beginning?

A1: He had fifty cents at the beginning.

Q2: Was it enough to buy an ice cream sundae?

A2: Yes, it was. An ice cream sundae cost exactly fifty cents.

Q3: Why did he choose to buy a plain ice cream instead, then?

A3: He chose to buy a plain ice cream because he wanted to leave the waitress a tip of fifteen cents.

Q4: What was the attitude of the waitress towards the boy at the beginning? How did her attitude change in the end?

A4: She was impatient at the beginning because a lot of people were waiting for a table. But in the end, when she saw the boy choose to buy a plain ice cream and leave a fifteen cents tip for her, she was moved and cried.

▇Comprehension questions (Para. 9)

Q1 : What did the King do at the beginning of the story?

A1: He had a large rock placed on a roadway.

Q2: Why did he place the rock on the roadway?

A2: He wanted to see whether anyone would remove the rock.

Q3: What did some of the richest merchants do when they saw the big rock on the road?

A3: They walked around it and blamed the King for not keeping the roads clear.

Q4: What did the peasant do when he saw the rock on the road?

Q5: He moved the rock to the side of the road.

Q6: What reward did the peasant receive for removing the rock?

A6: He received as his reward from the King a purse with many gold coins in it.

▇Comprehension questions (Para. 10)

Q1: What did the narrator in the story do?

A1: He worked as a volunteer at a hospital.

Q2: Where did the narrator meet Liz?

A2: At the hospital.

Q3: Why was Liz in the hospital?

A3: She was in the hospital because she was suffering from a rare and serious disease.

Q4: What did she and her 5-year-old brother have in common?

A4: They both had the same disease.

Q5: What seemed to be the only hope of recovery for Liz? Why?

A5: The only hope of recovery for Liz seemed to be a blood transfusion from her 5-year-old brother because he had survived the same disease and had developed the antibodies.

Q6: Was her five-year-old little brother willing to help? Why or why not?

A6: Her brother was willing to help, as he was ready to die for her.

Q7: What was her brother’s misunderstanding of the doctor?

A7: Her brother thought that he had to give her all of his blood in order to save her.

Part IV Optional Classroom Activities

1The five stories in Text B are a good reminder of how little things we do can sometimes help build a harmonious (和谐的) society in which people interact with one another on the basis of friendliness and trust rather than hostility and suspicion. Have you ever had an experience similar to those described in the five stories? If not, have you ever read a similar story? In groups of threes or fours, share your experience or story with one another.

2Form five groups with each group dramatising one of the five stories in Text B. If necessary, you can add characters, make up conversations between the characters, and make other changes to dramatize the event.

Perform the drama in front of the whole class.

3In groups of threes or fours, make a list of the things we college or university students can do to help build

a friendly and harmonious campus by filling in the following table. Combine your list with those of other

groups and work out a complete list. Put up the list on the classroom wall to remind the class of the things

Part V Enhance Y our Language Awareness

Section A Useful Expressions

Section B Grammar in Context

Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the italicized parts. State the grammatical function of the present participle in each sentence.

1)Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. (Para. 6, Text A)

2)Putting on his coat, he walked over to the flower woman’s table. (Para. 10, Text A)

3)―Happy Christmas,‖ he said, smiling and picking out two flowers. (Para.11, Text A)

4)Pressing one of the small flowers flat, he put it into the letter he had written, then handed the woman a

twenty-franc note. (Para. 13, Text A)

5)―No, ma’am ,‖ said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ancient cheek. (Para. 15, Text A)

6)Hobbling to the middle of the floor she did a lively folk dance and shouted to the piano player, …(Para.

17, Text A)

7)The piano player began to sing loudly ―Good King Wenceslaus,‖ beating the keys with magic hands,

nodding his head in rhythm. (Para. 18, Text A)

8)I handed in my paper, leaving the last question blank. (Para. 4, Text B)

9)Soaking wet, she decided to flag down the next car. (Para. 8, Text B)

10)Being young, the little boy had misunderstood the doctor; … (Para. 16, Text B)

Answers for reference:

1) a. Adverbial of time: 2, 4, 6

2) b. Adverbial of reason: 9, 10

3) c. Adverbial of result: 8

4) d. Adverbial of accompanying circumstances: 1, 3, 5, 7

Present particles as adverbials:

1 语法功能：

1) as adverbial of time 如：

Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and looked out.

2) as adverbial of reason 如：

Having used up all my money, I went home.

Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police.

Being unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money.

3) as adverbial of result 如：

It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.

4) as adverbial of accompanying circumstances用来告诉我们某事怎样或者为何发生的。如：

She went running out of the room.

My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together.

2 现在分词短语的主语

1）通常情况下，现在分词短语的主语和主句的主语是一致的。如：

Having failed to qualify as a doctor, I took up teaching. (I 这个主句的主语也是having failed分词短语的主语)

下面句子里的两个主语不一致，这样的句子通常认为是错的。

*Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there were lots of mountains.

2）不过，有一些极为常见的表达方式不受这条规则的限制。如：

Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. (在这个句子里，不是“男人“在“一般说“) Judging from his expression, he’s in a bad mood.

Considering everything, it wasn’t a bad holiday.

I’ll lend you the money providing you pay it back before Easter.

3）现在分词短语也可以有自己的主语。如：

Nobody having more to say, the meeting was closed.

A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement.

Section C Theme-Related Writing

▆Write an essay or a story in about 100-120 words. You can choose any ONE of the following tasks to do. 1)In one of the Optional Classroom Activities, you were asked to share with your classmates an experience

or a story similar to any one of the five stories in Text B. In your own words, write down your experience or story.

2)How I get along with my fellow students

3)How I get along with my family

▆Sample Essay:

I think I’m an easy-going person and have a friendly relationship with my fellow students. I get along particularly well with my roommates. We often do sports together and laugh and joke together. Once in a while we need to clean up our dormitory in order to win the award for the cleanest dormitory in the whole grade. Whenever we need to do that, we really work as a team and help one another in dong the best job we can. Though we still haven’t won such an award yet, the kind of collaboration between us during the big cleaning activity really helps to strengthen our existing strong friendship. I am sure I will cherish my relationship with my fellow students, especially with my roommates, in the years to come.(130 words)

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2、安装常用软件。常用软件常用的一般也就几种，大家请根据自己的系统部署范围而决定。

特别提醒 （1）不是所有的软件都能良好适应系统封装部署，特别是某些国产软件； （2）需要激活的软件，部署完毕后一般都需要重新激活； （3）不建议集成安全类软件，某些安全软件会阻挡正常的系统部署进程，甚至导致蓝屏宕机； （4）如果某些软件不适合集成在系统，可以使用首次进桌面静默安装的方法来解决。 3、备份系统。又备份系统？对，备份。补丁安装要20分钟左右，软件也需要逐个安装与调整，所以整体时间一般不少于30分钟。为防止封装时出现未知错误，建议再次备份系统，以备今后的调整操作。这次备份完，我们就可以放心大胆的开始封装操作了。

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