高考英语语法专题复习-情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词

重点难点解析

情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。

二“情态动词+进行式”和“情态动词+完成式”用法一览表

填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。

1. I should have been there, but I ____________ find the time.

2. Helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

3. Tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

4. You can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.

5. It has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the

papers have been collected.

6. ---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

---She ____________. I’ve already borrowed one.

7. John, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

8. ---__________ this book be yours?

---No, it ____________ not be mine. It ___________ be his.

9.As a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.

10.__________ he to clean the classroom after school?

11.You ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?

12.---What’s the name?

---Khulaifi. __________ I spell that for you?

13.You _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?

14.You _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.

15.They _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from

coming for some reason.

16.______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!

17.He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________________ (not tell) it to him.

虚拟语气

重点难点解析

虚拟语气的高考命题导向：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。真实语气与虚拟语气的区别主要在谓语动词的形式上。在做题时，要根据语境，判断出是与那种时态相反的虚拟语气。

一虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表

命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令

二其他要注意的事项

1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，只能用were。

2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表示“坚持认为”,其后的宾语从句用陈述句语气。

例如：You pale face suggests that you are ill.

He insisted that he was right.

3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if, 将其提前引起倒装。

例如：Were I you, I would remain.

Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it.

4. 可用with, but for代替虚拟语气条件句。

例如：But for your help. I would have failed the exam.

Without air there would be no life.

5.as if/though, even if/though也可以不用虚拟，表示真实的情况。

例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.---If he ________________ (warn), he ________________ (not take) that food.

---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (break).

3.I would rather they _________________ (not hear) of the news.

4.I wish I _______________ (have) a room of my own when I was a child.

5.To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event ___________________ (take) more than a year.

6.Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.

7.If I had worked harder at school, I _____________________(sit) in a comfortable office now.

8.Her pale face suggested that she _____________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _____________ (have) a medical examination.

9.I insisted he ____________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ (be) wrong with him.

10.He asks that he _______________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.

11.It is high time we _____________ (get) down to discussing this plan.

12.If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.

13.Who do you suggest __________________ (send) to work there?

14.I would have come earlier, but I ________________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.

15.If it _______________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.

16.I did not call to make any airline reservation but I ________________.

17.The light is out. They _______________________ (not work) now.

18.---My cat is really fat.

---You _____________________ (not give) her so much food.

第二节，完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36---55各题所给的四个选项A，B，C，D，中选出最佳选项，并填在答题卡上。

Communication is part of our everyday life．Humans are social beings and we need to 36 with

other people．When we communicate , we can make use of both 37 and written language．But are

they 38 ? The answer is No．Sometimes we have to communicate by using body movements instead of 39 ．This is called body language．Body language is very important in our lives for several 40 ．Firstly, it makes our communication more colorful．It’s really41 to imagine a conversation without any body language 42 ．How dull and boring it will be to just talk without

any gestures, facial expressions 43 any other body movements！Body language makes our talking

more 44 and interesting．

Secondly, it makes our communication more 45 ．Sometimes a gesture or a facial

expression

can make us more easily and quickly understood．46 a good speaker for example: his or her body movements will help him or her leave a deeper and stronger impression on 47 ．Finally, sometimes we 48 to use body language．On some occasions, we are not allowed to

speak 49 ．Examples of this are in the library or in the 50 classroom．Then body language will

be 51 necessary．Also, when we meet someone in the street, there is no need for us to 52 for a

chat, so a nod or wave of hand may be OK．

Your body language sends a strong message to others, so be aware that 53 you have your arms folded across your chest while you talk, you are 54 others out, for example．If you land an

interview, 55 your body language, ask good questions, and convey confidence and enthusiasm．

Your body language indicates your level of self—esteem．So understanding body language is a crucial （决定性的）part of meeting someone new and can not be overlooked．

( )36．A．deal B．work C．do D．live

( )37．A．body B．native C．spoken D．foreign ( )38．A．enough B．good C．correct D．useful

( )39．A．sentences B．messages C．words D．noises ( )40．A．times B．reasons C．occasions D．places ( )41．A．pleasant B．common C．dying D．hard

( )42．A．involved B．made C．talked D．told

( )43．A．and B．but C．so D．or

( )44．A．alive B．lively C．silent D．difficult ( )45．A．complicated B．reasonable C．effective D．interesting ( )46．A．Set B．Take C．make D．Turn

( )47．A．readers B．students C．listeners D．people ( )48．A．have B．like C．ought D．get

( )49．A．quickly B．secretly C．loudly D．publicly ( )50．A．empty B．bright C．large D．quiet

( )51．A．much B．quite C．more D．hardly ( )52．A．hurry B．stop C．sit D．catch

( )53．A．though B．unless C．until D．if

( )54．A．making B．showing C．shutting D. carrying ( )55．A．send B．use C．give D．mind

第三部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

I had worked long and hard on this project．Knowing it was finally completed gave me great satisfaction．“Perfect！”I said “Now, all I have t o do is to keep the dogs off it．”I went about setting up barriers using old fence, deck chairs, planters, and anything I could find so as to avoid footprints both on the oil paint and our carpet ．It worked perfectly ．

Just before returning to the house and to a much needed shower, I took one last look at this fine work of art．“What is that?”I said．“Where did that come from ?”Clearly marked and evenly spaced across the entire area, the tiny marks ran in straight lines.I carefully stepped to our flower garden．It was there I found several of the small markings．Now, almost frozen in place by this shocking discovery, I remained in position so as to prevent further damage to my work．Just then, off to my left, it appeared．A chipmunk （花栗鼠）．He was as surprised as I was．We stood there face to face looking at each other, wondering who would make thefirst move ．

The warm , humid air was now getting the best of me．Sweat now ran freely over my head, and in poor timing into my eyes．I reached up to rub them and when I opened my eyes he was gone．

My only satisfaction was in thinking that when he returned home he tracked oily footprints into his own home．And , hoping he was married , his wife would not let him live it down for the rest of his life．I stood up, shook my head, laughing about it and walking into my house．Yes, I tracked oil on the carpet．I am married．My wife will not let me live it down for the rest of my life ．

( )56．What was the project the author completed in the passage ?

A．Painting B．A carpet C．A fence D．A flower garden ( )57．We can know from the passage that the chipmunk_________________．A．made fun of the author

B．stole something important in the house

C．spoiled the author’s work

D．came for some food

( )58．What did the author do to the chipmunk ?

A．He made fun of the author．

B．He frightened it away．

C．He tried to catch it but failed．

D．He didn’t do any harm to it ．

( )59．We can conclude from the passage that____________．

A．the author was not satisfied with his family life

B．the author was quite satisfied with his project

C．the barriers the author set up were quite successful

D．the chipmunk had a happy family just like the author

B

In most parts of the world, as far back as anyone can remember , there has been a puppet（木偶）tradition．Although some of us think of puppets as children’s entertainment, they were----and often still are used to tell serious stories to adult audiences．Even in these days of special effects, the puppet theatre still has a special place in many cultures．

The best known puppet characters in Britain are Punch and Judy, glove puppets with

wooden heads．In summer, one basic play of about half an hour is performed on beaches all around Britain．Mr．Punch, who has an enormous nose and wears a curved hat, gets into trouble and has arguments with his wife, Judy．A policeman , a crocodile, and a hangman, and all of them run after Mr．Punch ．He ,of course, invariably manages to survive to fight another day ．

In Belgium wooden puppets first appeared in the 1820s in cities like liege ．The liege

puppets are in fact string puppets without strings！They have a single rod（棒）attached to their heads, which means the puppeteers aren’t able to raise the arms and legs, but can move the body up and down and the head from side to side．Many of the stories used to be historical or religious but it is Tchantches, a comic character wit patched trousers and a big black hat, who is the best loved character today．Like Mr．Punch, he is a simple man who is also greedy, quarrelsome and lazy．He makes fun of everyone, but is often warm--hearted and tender．( )60．We can learn from the first paragraph that______________．

A．puppets are much more popular nowadays ．

B．people prefer puppets to special effects

C．puppets were mainly intended for children

D．people used puppets to make fun for adults

( )61．The underlined word “invariably”in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___________．A．constantly B．naturally C．immediately D．bravely ( )62．The biggest difference between puppets in Britain and puppets in Belgium is their___________．

A．performing time

B．operating ways

C．producing material

D．decorating characters

( )63．The passage is mainly about__________________．

A．different kinds of puppets

B．how puppets came into being

C．why puppets are popular

D．story---telling through puppets

C

Our Web Editor Jan Fields has always loved two things----writing and teaching, so she’s

done both throughout her professional career．After graduating from college with a BA in Journalism, she quickly found that writing for newspapers didn’t fulfill her dream．So she switched to magazines and soon began teaching magazine writing．Still, something didn’t feel quite right．She wanted more challenges and creativity．

In the 1980s, Jan answere d a call to rewrite a year’s children’s church lesson．She quickly found that writing stories and activities for children offered all she desired．She dove in and has never looked back．Her work has appeared in Ladybug, Shining Star and many others．As Ja n continued building credits in children’s magazines, educational magazines, and

parenting magazines, she looked for opportunities to pass along what she had learned to other writers．Soon, teaching small community college classes wasn’t enough---she wanted to help other writers to find success in creating material for children．

In 2001, she discovered the Institute of Children’s Literature and she’s been happily

instructing students here ever since．To best meet her students’ needs, she’s constantly

searching out new information．As a web editor, Jan looks after the needs of all the visitors to this site．She moderates the Scheduled Events discussion groups and the Writer’s Retreat forum, writes for the Writer’s Support Room, and edits the Writer’s Support Room and

Writing Tips articles．

Jan is always open to suggestions for new ways to meet the needs of the writing community．Feel free to email her．She’s eager to hear from you．

( )64．Jan Fields finds_________ what she really wants most．

A．writing for newspapers．

B．teaching magazine writing．

C．writing stories and activities for children．

D．teaching small community college classes．

( )65．Jan Fields gave up her first two jobs mainly because___________．A．she was badly paid as a journalist

B．the job didn’t seem challenging or creative

C．she was not good at writing at college

D．she likes teaching better than writing．

( )66．It can be inferred that the Institute of Children’s Literature is________．A．where Jan Fields graduated

B．where she cooperates with other writers．

C．where writing materials are on sale

D．children are taught writing by Jan Fields．

( )67．Which of the following is true according to the passage ?

A．Jan fields is now working for magazines like Scheduled Events, and Writer’s Retreat．B．Jan has stopped writing for magazines related to children, education and parenting．

C．Jan works for web sections like Writer’s Support Room and Writing Tips．

D．The passage is an advertisement to sell a children’s church curricula．

D

“The child has become part of the management of family life, ”says Adele Schwartz, research director for Stars for Kids,a children’s market---research firm．“This is a big role change in family life．Housework is changing．It used to be to take out the garbage and walk the

dog．This is a little bit bigger than that．”

Three---quarters of students between the ages of 8 and 14 say they have completed an

online transaction（交易），according to a national survey on May 9．Nearly one---fourth of the 6,000 young p eople asked say they shop with their parents’ credit cards, 26 percent use gift cards, and 8 percent say they use their own credit card．Almost half say they help with electronic transactions because their parents are helpless online．One—third help because their parents don’t have enough time to shop．

“Kids do a large amount of comparison shopping,”Ms．Schwartz says, “including clothing, household items, family vacations, and even large items like a car．

All this cyber---help “clearly gives kids a power that they might not have had before,”says Gary Rudman, in San Francisco．“Parents still make the decisions, but kids have more and more effect than ever before, because they have access to information．They are more involved with the household, so they have more effect on some of the decisions．”

Parents have different opinions about letting their children use credit cards

online．Mr．Rudman s ays, “Some parents are open to it, others are not for it．”

Like many parents, Mrs, Hanstein keeps a watchful eye on Jacob’s Internet use．“he loves to order something, but it’s always with our guidance．He doesn’t understand that a lot of the pop—up advertisement ‘You’ve won this！’or ‘You can get this for $1．’is a scam．” ( )68．__________ is playing a more and more important role in the family management．A．The Internet B．The electronic transaction

C．The child D．The father or mother

( )69．It seemed that________ has just been included as housework．

A．taking garbage outside B．walking the dogs

C．going shopping online D．using computers

( )70．According to Mrs．Hanstein, _____________________．

A．kids shouldn’t order anything online．

B．kids should go shopping online considering their parents’ advice．

C．pop—up advertisement is something useful．

D．kids should make full use of the pop—up advertisement．

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

In every school a “top”crowd sets pace, while the others follow their lead．Let’s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters ．71 ．There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people a bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming．The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is

smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour．72 they are like the sheep being led to the butcher．73 chances are that one time

or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong ．You may have excused yourself by

saying, “Gee, the crowd does it．”Well, let the crowd do it , but don’t do it yourself．74 ．Develop your own standards and your own judgment．If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree with, have the courage to bow out politely．75 ．

A.Learn to say , “No”．

B.Once you do, you can learn to speak out．

C.You’ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet．

D.Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater．

E.Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives．

F.“No”may even take you further in the business world than “Yes”．

G.Chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life．

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共35分）

第四部分；写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

英语课上,老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下便条为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。便条中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）。并在其下面写出修改后的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词后划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词;

2．只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不记分。

Saturday May 29, 2010

I had unusual experience last Saturday．

On that day, I was walking along a street when I saw a lady knocking down by a truck, and the driver just drove away ．Without any hesitation, I rushed across the street , put her in my back and carry her to a hospital nearby．On arriving at the hospital, however, she said it was I which knocked her down and demanded I paid for the hospital bills．That really surprised me！Because I tried to explain, she insisted that I should be the very person who is responsible for the accident！

I was total puzzled ．Is it right or wrong to help other? What should I do the next time?

答案：1. had been warned; wouldn’t have taken 2. were broken 3. didn’t 4. had had

5. should have taken

6. would be

7. would be sitting

8. was; have

9. go; was

10. be given 11. got 12. are 13. be sent 14. didn’t know 15. should/were to rain

答案：1. couldn’t 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t 7. Must 8. Can; can’t; must 9. would 10. Ought 11. must 12. shall 13.must have seen 14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. May 17. needn’t have told

18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

高中英语情态动词与虚拟语气

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Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope

高考英语情态动词讲解

（一） 情态动词常考点 （一） 表能力 can be able to will be able to could was/ were able to could have + ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?表示现在的能力 ：表示将来的能力 表示过去的能力 过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 如：I am starving to death 。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep ，you will be able to work out this problem 。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out 。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出 去。 I could have worked out the problem ，but I didn ’t 。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二） 表推测（可能性） 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can 一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days 。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight ，but he isn ’t sure yet 。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can ） 2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较 （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may ，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如： This can ’t/ couldn ’t be done by him 。（表不相信） 这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him 。（表不确定） 这可能不是他做的。 He could be on his way home now 。（could 不如may/ might 常用） 他现在可能在回家的路上。 Can this be done by him ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 这可能是他做的吗？ Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢？ I didn ’t hear the phone 。I must have been asleep 。（表肯定） 我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。 3. would ，could ，might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如： This may/ might be done by him 。（后者比前者语气弱）

情态动词和虚拟语气

谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to

5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。

英语语法 虚拟语气(练习)

虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚 (win the first prize)的话，我会把奖金送给阿Sam。 If I won/should win/were to win the first prize in the Foshan University Students English Speaking Contest held in May, I would give my reward to Sam. If I win the first …, I will give … 要是我爸是李嘉诚的话，我一定不用为钱发愁。 If my father were Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t worry about money. Were my father Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t … 要是日本没有发生地震的话，我一定去放炸弹(blast)。 If Japan hadn’t had the earthquake, I would have blasted it. Hadn’t Japan had the earthquake, I … 1

要是将来我有钱了，我一定回来娶你。 If I were rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I rich one day, I … If I should be rich one day, I would marry you. →Should I be rich one day, I … If I were to be rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I to be rich one day, I … (If I am rich one day, I will marry you.) 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were 2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up. A. know B. knew C. known D. knowing 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 例：1995年6月四级第46题 We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 2

情态动词和虚拟语气

要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。

,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法

【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to