高考英语虚拟语气
一回顾与检测
二作业批改和反馈
三知识点讲解和解析
一、状语从句中的虚拟语气
(一) if 引导的条件状语从句(非真实条件)
Eg:
If I were you, I should accept the invitation.
如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I had time, I would go there.
如果我有空，我就去那儿。
If you had come earlier, you couldn't/wouldn't have missed the bus.
如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.
如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
EX:
--if you had listened to me the other day, you_________ in trouble now.
A. are not
B. were not
C. would not be
D. would not have been
—Could you tell me how to do this exercise?
—Well,if you______________ to the teacher carefully yesterday,you______________ how to do it now.
A.had listened;would know
B.listened;would have know
C.would listen;know
D.has listened;knew
(二)目的状语从句
1．so that/ in order that ＋从句(从句用can/could/ may/ might/should/would ＋动词原形) We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.
2．for fear that/in case that＋从句(从句用should＋动词原形)以防万一发生……
We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.
3．lest ＋从句(从句用should＋动词原形)以防万一发生……
We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.
(三)方式状语从句
as if/though ＋从句，从句是不真实或者极少有可能存在的事实，从句用虚拟语气(从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似)
She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.
EX:
The two students talked as if they( )friends for years
Ashould be B Would be C have been D had been
【注意】
as if/though引导的从句也可用陈述语，是当说话者认为句子所述的真是的或者极有可能发生存在的事实。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1. 名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)＋动词原形。
①建议—advise, suggest, propose, recommend (advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation为名词)
②命令— order，command
③要求— request, require, demand, ask, insist (坚持要求) (request, requirement, demand为名词)
The doctor suggests I (should) exercise every day. (宾语从句)
It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day. (主语从句)
The doctor's suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. (表语从句)
The doctor's suggestion that I (should) exercise every day sounds reasonable. (同位语从句) EX:
Class regulations require ______ is the last to leave the classroom ______ off all the lights.
A. who; should turn
B. whom; shall turn
C. whomever; turns
D. whoever; turn
【疑难点击】
1. suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气。
insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。
His face suggested that he was very sad.
The man insisted my little brother was a thief.
【疑难点击】
2. I wish (that )＋宾语从句(从句必须使用虚拟语气)。
①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时。
I wish I were you.
How he wishes that he were a bird.
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。
I wish I had seen the film last night.
We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.
③表示愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/might/would ＋动词原形。
We wish we would live on the moon one day.
Eg:
—Most of my classmates went to th e exhibition yesterday.It’s really a pity you were absent.
—I wish I______________.
A.had
B.did
C.weren’t
D.could
—Don’t you want to go to karaoke bar with us?
—I wish I______________,but I have an appointment.
A.had
B.could
C.would
D.should
【疑难点击】
3. would rather/prefer ＋that－从句(从句用虚拟语气)。
①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时。
I would rather you were not here with me now.
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。
I would rather you hadn't done that.
Eg：
10、I’d prefer_________ rudely to her yesterday.
A. you not speak
B. your not speaking
C. you didn’t speak
D. you hadn’t spoken
【疑难点击】
4. 名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩，此时，从句用should ＋动词原形/should ＋have done (表示动作在过去已经发生)，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。
常见的句型如下：It is important/necessary/ strange/ surprising/ funny/ natural等＋that－从句
常用的形容词：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)，necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)，probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的)，advisable （合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。
常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求)，suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，orderd (命令)
Eg：
It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer science.
It is required that we（should）obey the rules.
【疑难点击】
②It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder等表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等＋that从句
It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.
这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。：
③主语＋be ＋sorry/ disappointed/ surprised ＋that－从句
We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.
三、定语从句中的虚拟语气
It's (about/high)time that－从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语用did/ should do, should 不能省略)某人该做某事了。
It's time that we should go home.
It's time that we went home.
＝It's time for us to go home.
Ex:
Now,then,children,it is time you______________.
A.washed and dress
B.are washed and dressed
C.will wash and dress
D.were washed and dressed
注意对比：It/This is the first/second/…time that＋主语＋has/have done…(这是某人第几次做了某事)
It is the second time that I have visited Beijing.
这是我第二次来北京游玩。
Ex:
It was the first time that she( ) the Palcae Museum
A would visit Bshould visit C has visited D had visited
四、含蓄虚拟语气
1. if only 要是……就好了＝I wish…(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)
If only you hadn't told him the news.
Ex:
If only he( )quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so muchnow.
A Lies Blay C had lain Dshould lie
2.考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同
Ex：
But for the snow,we______________earlier.
A.will arrive
B.would arrive
C.could arrive
D.should have arrive
Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______ very cold, too cold for us to live.
A. will be
B. would have been
C. Is
D. would be
—Thank you for reminding me of the time, otherwise I ____ late yesterday．
—Don't mention it．
A．should be B．would be
C．will have been D．would have been
4．含虚拟语气的句子，but＋真实情况
Eg:
Mary would tell us something about London, but she ( ) from London.
A wasn’t from
B Hadn’t been from
C isn’t from
D should be from
【疑难点击】
1. 含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，变为半倒装。如：
Had they had time(＝If they had had time), they would have certainly come to help us.
Should it be fine(＝If it should be fine), we would go for an outing.
Were I you(＝If I were you), I would go.
Eg:
______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to ______ the picnic.
A. Would; put forward
B. Should; call off
C. Will; give up
D. Should; put up
() ______ we would not have achieved so much.
A. If they didn't help us
B. If it hadn't been their help
C. Weren't it for their help
D. Had it not been for their help
四归纳与总结
1、I ______ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon·
A.might lend
B.may lend
C.must have lent
D.might have lent
2、The order came that the medical supplies to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A．would be sent B．should send C．be sent D．must be sent
3、---If you to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim .
---I caught a cold, I had been walking around in the rain.
A．came B．had come C．would come D．would have come
4、—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ____ late yesterday．
—Don't mention it．
A．should be B．would be C．will have been D．would have been
5、Without the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A．would win B．would have won C．would not win D．would not have won
6、—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
—I ______, either, if my mother hadn’t reminded me.
A. wouldn’t
B. wouldn’t have
C. didn’t
D. hadn’t
7、“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,”the musician says,“I______________ able to play so well now.”
A.couldn’t have been
B.won’t be
C.wouldn’t have been
D.wouldn’t be
8、—Most of my classmates went to the exhibition yesterday.It’s really a pity you were absent.—I wish I______________.
A.had
B.did
C.weren’t
D.could
9、Regulations require______________needs special diets______________the cooking manager in advance.
A.who;informs
B.whom;informed
C.whomever;inform
D.whoever;inform
10、—Don’t you want to go to karaoke bar with us?
—I wish I______________,but I have an appointment.
A.might
B.could
C.would
D.should
1、Had Wang Ling received six more votes in the election of our class,he____________ our monitor now.
A.must have been
B.would have been
C.were
D.would be
12、Were it not for the fact that his father is general manager of the company,he_________ the job.
A.will never get
B.will never have got
C.would never get
D.would never have got
13、—Will you go home after this examination?
—Of course.But if it_______________rain tomorrow,I wouldn’t.
A.will
B.shall
C.would
D.should
14、I think it advisable that he_____________ for Tokyo soon.
A.leave
B.may leave
C.will leave
D.leaves
15、Had you listened to the doctor,you_____________ all right now.
A.are
B.were
C.would be
D.would have been
五课后作业与反馈
Ⅰ.单项选择(100分)
1．(2012·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
A．should face B．might face
C．could have faced D．must have faced
2．(2012·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.
A．visited B．had visited
C．would visit D．would have visited
3．(2012·北京西城期末考试)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
4．(2012·西安一检)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.
A．would have come B．would come
C．had come D．came
5．(2010·江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
6．But for the help of my English teacher，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
7．(2012·长沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.
—Oh，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.
A．came B．should come
C．could come D．would have come
8．(2012·温州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!
A．took B．would take
C．would have taken D．had taken
9．(2012·宁夏联考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.
A．would be B．were
C．am D．have been
10．(2012·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?
—No way！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!
A．wouldn't ride B．would have ridden
C．would ride D．wouldn't have ridden
11．(2012·重庆市七区联考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.
C．Has D．Would have
12．(2012·辽宁丹东四校联考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.
A．Was that true B．If that was true
C．Should that be true D．Could that be true
13．—He looks hot and dry.
—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.
A．may B．would C．must D．should
14．There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs ________a sudden loud noise.
A．would there be B．should there be
C．there was D．there having been
15．Ten minutes earlier，they ________the plane.
A．will catch B．would catch
C．would have caught D．will have caught
16．—Could you tell me how to do this exercise?
—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.
A．had listened；would know
B．listened；would have known
C．would listen；know
D．has listened；knew
17．He ________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.
A．were to be selling；should die
B．would be sellling；had not died
C．would not be selling；had not died
D．would not be selling；had died
18．But for the snow，we ________in Beijing earlier.
A．will arrive B．would arrive
C．could arrive D．should have arrived
19．Had you listened to me，you ________in trouble now.
C．would not be D．would not have been 20．I'd rather ________rudely to her yesterday.
A．you not speak B．you not speaking
C．you didn't speak D．you hadn't spoken