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计算机英语专业外语第三版unit11

计算机英语专业外语第三版unit11
计算机英语专业外语第三版unit11

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第十一章

Electronic Commerce

(电子商务)

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Section A

Electronic Commerce

●I.Introduction

●The business phenomenon that we now call electronic commerce has had an interesting history.

●我们现在称之为电子商务的商业现象拥有有趣的历史。

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Section A

Electronic Commerce

●From humble beginnings in the mid-1990s, electronic commerce grew rapidly until 2000, when

a major downturn occurred.

●电子商务发端于20世纪90年代中期,当时并不显山露水,但随后发展迅猛,直到2000年出

现一次大衰退。

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Section A

Electronic Commerce

●Many people have seen news stories about the “dot-com boom”followed by the “dot-com

bust”or the “dot-bomb.”Beginning in 2003, electronic commerce began to show signs of new life.

●许多人看过相关的新闻报道,先是“网络公司繁荣”,继之以“网络公司不景气”或“网络炸弹”。

从2003年开始,电子商务开始显示出新生的迹象。

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Section A

Electronic Commerce

●Although the rapid expansion and high levels of investment of the boom years are not likely to be

repeated, the second wave of electronic commerce is well underway.

●尽管繁荣岁月的快速扩张和高水平投资不可能重现,但电子商务的第二次浪潮已然来临。

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II.Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

●To many people, the term “electronic commerce” means shopping on the part of the

Internet called the Word Wide Web (the Web).

●对于许多人来说,“electronic commerce”(电子商务)这个术语表示在称为万维网的那一部分

因特网上购物。

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II.Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

●However, electronic commerce (or e-commerce) also includes many other activities, such

as businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes that companies use to support their buying, selling, hiring, planning, and other activities.

●然而,electronic commerce(或e-commerce)也包括许多其他的活动,如一个企业与其他企业

的贸易,以及公司用于支持其购买、销售、招聘、计划及其他活动的内部过程。

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II.Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

●Some people use the term “electronic business” (or e-business) when they are talking

about electronic commerce in this broader sense. Most people use the terms “electronic commerce” and “electronic business” interchangeably.

●有些人从这种比较广泛的意义上谈论电子商务时,使用“electronicbusiness”(或e-business)

这个术语。大多数人混用“electronic commerce”和“electronicbusiness”这两个术语。

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II.Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

●Here the term “electronic commerce” is used in its broadest sense and includes all

business activities conducted using electronic data transmission technologies.

●“electronic commerce”这个术语在本文中是从最广泛的意义上使用的,包括使用电子数据传

输技术进行的所有商业活动。

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II.Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

●The most common technologies used are the Internet and the Word Wide Web, but other

technologies, such as wireless transmissions on mobile telephone and personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, are also included.

●最常用的技术是因特网和万维网,但所使用的技术也包括其他技术,如通过移动电话和个人数

字助理设备进行的无线传输。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●Some people find it useful to categorize electronic commerce by the types of entities

participating in the transactions or business processes.

●有些人感到根据参与交易或商业过程的实体类型对电子商务进行分类比较有用。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●The five general electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer,

business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and

business-to-government.

●有5种一般的电子商务类型,分别是:企业对消费者电子商务、企业对企业电子商务、商业

过程、消费者对消费者电子商务和企业对政府电子商务。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●The three categories that are most commonly used are:

●·Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C)

●最常用的3种类型是:

●●消费者在网上购物,常称为企业对消费者(或B2C)电子商务

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●· Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called

business-to-business (or B2B)

●●企业之间在网上进行的交易,常称为企业对企业(或B2B)电子商务

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●· Transactions and business processes that companies, governments, and other

organizations undertake on the Internet to support selling and purchasing activities.

●●公司、政府及其他机构为支持买卖活动而在因特网上采取的交易与商业过程

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

● Figure 11A-1 shows the three main elements of electronic commerce. The figure presents

a rough approximation of the relative size of these elements.

●该图显示了对这些要素相对规模的粗略估计。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

● In terms of dollar volume and number of transactions, B2B electronic commerce is much

greater than B2C electronic commerce.

●就美元值和交易数量而言,B2B电子商务比B2C电子商务大得多。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●However, the number of supporting business processes is greater than the number of

all B2C and B2B transactions combined.

●然而,支持商业过程的数量比所有B2C和B2B交易加在一起的数量还要多。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●The large oval in Figure 11A-1 that represents the business processes that support

selling and purchasing activities is the largest element of electronic commerce.

●图11A-1中表示支持买卖活动的商业过程的大椭圆形代表电子商务的最大要素。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●Some researchers define a fourth category of electronic commerce, called

consumer-to-consumer (or C2C), which includes individuals who buy and sell items among themselves.

●有些研究人员还界定了另外一种电子商务,称为消费者对消费者(或C2C)电子商务。这种电子

商务指个人之间买卖物品。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●For example,C2C electronic commerce occurs when a person sells an item through a Web

auction site to another person.

●例如,一个人通过拍卖网站向另一个人出售一件物品便是C2C电子商务。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

● Finally, some researchers also define a category of electronic commerce called

business-to-government (or B2G);

●最后,有些研究人员还界定了一种称为企业对政府(或B2G)的电子商务。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●this category includes business transactions with government agencies, such as paying

taxes and filing required reports.

●这种类型的电子商务包括企业与政府机构的交易,如交税和填写规定的报表。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●An increasing number of states have Web sites that help companies do business with

state government agencies.

●数量越来越多的州建有帮助公司与州政府机构做生意的网站。

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III.Categories of Electronic Commerce

●For example, the CAL-Buy site makes it easy for businesses to conduct online transactions

with the State of California. Figure 11A-2 summarizes these five categories of

electronic commerce.

●例如,CAL-Buy网站使企业与加利福尼亚州进行在线交易变得容易。图11A-2概括了以上5种电

子商务。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

● Economists Chris Freeman and Francisco louca describe four waves that occurred in

the Industrial Revolution in their book As Time Goes By.

●经济学家克里斯·弗里曼和弗朗西斯科·卢桑在他们的《随着时间流逝》一书中描述了

●工业革命发生的4次浪潮。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●Many researchers predict that electronic commerce and the information revolution

brought about by the Internet will go through similar waves. Those researchers agree that the second wave of electronic commerce has begun.

●许多研究人员预言,因特网带来的电子商务和信息革命将经历类似的浪潮。这些研究人员一致

认为,电子商务的第二次浪潮已经开始。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●The first wave of electronic commerce was primary a U.S. phenomenon. Web pages were

primarily in English, particularly on commerce sites.

●电子商务的第一次浪潮主要是一种美国现象。网页主要用英语编写,特别是商业网站的网页。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●As the second wave begins, it is clear that the future of electronic commerce will

be international in scope and will allow sellers to do business in many countries and in many languages.

●随着第二次浪潮的开始,很明显,未来的电子商务将是国际范围的,并将允许卖方在许多国家

和用多种语言做生意。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●The problems of language translation and handling currency conversion will need to

be solved to allow efficient conduct of business in the second wave.

●为了在第二次浪潮中能够高效地做生意,将需要解决语言翻译和货币兑换问题。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●In the first wave, easy access to start-up capital led to an overemphasis on creating

new large enterprises to exploit electronic commerce opportunities.

●在第一次浪潮中,创办资金比较容易得到,这导致人们过分强调创办新的大型企业,以利用电

子商务机会。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●Investors were excited about electronic commerce and wanted to participate, no matter

how much it cost or how bad the underlying ideas were.

●投资者对电子商务感到兴奋,而且,无论花费多么大或基本想法多么糟糕,他们都想参与电子

商务。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

● In the second wave, established companies are using their own internal funds to finance

gradual expansion of electronic commerce opportunities.

●在第二次浪潮中,已站住脚的公司使用自己的内部资金来为逐步扩大电子商务机会提供经费。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●These measured and carefully considered investments are helping electronic commerce

grow more steadily, although more slowly.

●这些经过仔细考虑的慎重投资在帮助电子商务更加稳步地发展,虽然发展的速度比以前缓慢。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●The Internet technologies used in the first wave, especially in B2C commerce, were

slow and inexpensive. Most consumers connected to the Internet using dial-up modems.

●在第一次浪潮中,尤其是在B2C商务中,所使用的因特网技术速度慢,费用低廉。大多数消费

者使用拨号调制解调器连接到因特网上。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●The increase in broadband connections in homes is a key element in the second wave.

Although these connections are more expensive, they are more than 10 times faster.

●家里宽带连接的增加是第二次浪潮的一个关键要素。这些连接尽管费用比较高,但速度快了10

倍多。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

● This increased speed not only makes Internet use more efficient, it can alter the

way people use the Web.

●这种速度提高不仅提高了使用因特网的效率,而且可以改变人们使用万维网的方式。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

● In the first wave, Internet technologies were integrated into B2B transactions and

internal business processes by using bar codes and scanners to track parts, assemblies, inventories, and production status.

●在第一次浪潮中,因特网技术通过使用条形码和扫描仪跟踪零部件、库存和生产状况而结合

进B2B交易和内部商业过程。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●In the second wave, radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices and smart cards

are being combined with biometric technologies such as fingerprint readers and retina scanners to control more items and people in a wider variety of situations.

●在第二次浪潮中,射频识别装置和智能卡正在与指纹读取器、视网膜扫描仪等生物统计学技术

结合起来,以便在更为广泛多样的情况下控制更多的物品和人员。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●These technologies are increasingly integrated with each other and with communication

systems that allow companies to communicate with each other and share transaction, inventory level, and customer demand information effectively.

●这些技术正在越来越高的程度上互相整合,并与有关的通信系统整合,这些通信系统使不同的

公司能够互相通信,有效地分享交易、库存量及顾客需求信息。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●The use of electronic mail (or e-mail) in the first wave was as a tool for relatively

unstructured communication. In the second wave, sellers are using e-mail as an integral part of their marketing and customer contact strategies.

●在第一次浪潮中,电子邮件是作为一种进行较为松散的通信的工具使用的。在第二次浪潮中,

卖方是将电子邮件作为其营销与顾客联系策略的不可缺少的组成部分来使用的。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●Online advertising was the main revenue source of many failed dot-com businesses in

the first wave.

●在第一次浪潮中,在线广告是许多后来倒闭了的网络公司的主要收入来源。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

● After a two-year dip in online advertising activity and revenues, companies are

beginning the second wave with a renewed interest in making the Internet work as an effective advertising medium.

●经过两年的在线广告活动与收入下降之后,随着第二次浪潮的开始,一些公司又对使因特网成

为一种有效的广告媒介发生兴趣。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●Some categories of online advertising, such as employment services are growing rapidly

and are replacing traditional advertising outlets.

●有些在线广告类型,如招聘服务,在迅速发展,并在取代传统的广告发布渠道。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●The sale of digital products was fraught with difficulties during the first wave of

electronic commerce. The music recording industry was unable (or, some would ay, unwilling) to devise a way to distribute digital music on the Web.

●在电子商务的第一次浪潮中,数字产品的销售充满困难。音乐录制行业无法(或者,有些人会

说,不愿)想出一种方法在网上分发数字音乐。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

● This created an environment in which digital piracy-the theft of musical artists’

intellectual property—become rampant. The promise of electronic books was also unfulfilled.

●这导致了一种环境的形成,在这种环境下数字盗版——盗窃音乐艺术家的知识产权——变得十

分猖獗。此外,电子图书也未实现其预期的前景。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

●The second wave offers the promise of legal distribution of music, video, and other

digital products on the Web.

●第二次浪潮提供了在网上合法分发音乐、视频及其他数字产品的可能性。

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IV.The Second Ware of Electronic Commerce

● Apple Computer’s iTunes site is one of the early second wave attempts at digital

product distribution.

●苹果计算机公司的iTunes站点是第二次浪潮在数字产品分发方面的早期尝试之一。

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IV.The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●Figer11A-3 shows a summary of some key characteristics of the first wave and the second

wave of electronic commerce.

●图11A-3概括了电子商务第一次浪潮和第二次浪潮的一些关键特点。

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IV. The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●This list is not complete because every day brings new technologies and combinations

of existing technologies that make additional second wave opportunities possible.

●该列表并不全面,因为每天都带来新的技术和现有技术的新结合,它们使新的第二次浪潮机会

的产生成为可能。

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IV. The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●Not all of the future of electronic commerce is based in its second wave. Some of the

first wave companies were successful, such as https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b53327400.html,, eBay, and Yahoo! .

●电子商务的未来并非完全基于第二次浪潮。第一次浪潮中诞生的公司有些取得了成功,如

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b53327400.html,、eBay和雅虎。

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IV. The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce

●The second wave of electronic commerce will provide new opportunities for these

businesses, too.

●电子商务的第二次浪潮也将为这些企业提供新的机会。

计算机专业英语第3章在线测试

A B C D The data, when they are not encrypted, are called A B C D A virus is a A B C D Many viruses go resident in the memory like a ( ). A B C D Now, about ( ) different viruses account for all the viruses that actually spread in t A B C D

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计算机专业英语翻译

计算机专业英语翻译 1.1细看处理器与主存储器 我们已经了解到所有计算机有类似的能力且能执行相同的功能,尽管一些可能比其他的快。我们知道电脑系统有输入、输出、仓储、加工的元件,还知道处理器是计算机系统的“智能”部分,并且知道一个简单的计算机系统可以有几个处理器。我们已经讨论了在电脑系统中数据以被称作位的电子状态来表示。我们现在准备阐释计算机系统核心的内部活动——处理器。 电脑的内部操作很有趣,但真的没有什么奥秘的事。这种神秘性存在于那些道听途说和相信科幻作家的人心中。计算机是不会思考的电子设备,它必须插入电源,就像一台烤面包机或一盏灯。 毫不夸张地讲,市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售。每种类型可能都很复杂,但每个处理器,有时被称为中央处理器或者说CPU,只有两个基本部分:控制单元,算术和逻辑单元。主存储器在处理器的内部发挥着重要作用。这三个——主存、控制单元,算术和逻辑单元——一起工作。让我们来看看他们之间的功能和联系。 与磁辅助存储设备,如磁带、磁盘相比,主存没有移动部件。没有机械的运动,数据可以以电子的速度被存取访问,接近光速。今天大多数电脑的主存使用 DRAM(动态随机访问存储器)技术。先进的DRAM芯片大约有1/8邮票那么大,大约可以储存256,000万位或多于25,600,000字符的数据。 主存储器,或者主存,提供给处理器的程序和数据暂时的存储。在可执行程序或数据 本材料版权归八舍109所有,任何人以任何形式使用请自觉支付版税~

可以被处理之前,所有的程序和数据必须被从输入设备(如VDT)或从辅助存储(如磁盘)转移到主存储器。主要的存储空间总是很少;因此,在一个程序被执行后,它占领的储藏空间会被重新分配给另一个等待执行的程序。 图1 - 1说明了所有的输入/输出(I / O)“读”或“用”主要的存储。图中(输入)探讨是在VDT上。消息被查询的形式,是通过一个渠道到主存储器(如同轴电缆)。消息被解释,处理机从辅助存储设备取出所需的程序和数据。程序和数据被“装好”,或移动,从辅助存储器到主存储器。这是一个无损阅读过程。也就是说,程序和数据被从主要存储器(暂时的)和辅助存储器(永久)中读取。数据根据程序指令被操作,报告被从主存储器写入到打印机。 一个程序指令或一块数据保存在的特定的主存单元被称为地址。地址允许程序指令和数据被存储,访问和加工。每一个地址的内容随着不同程序的执行和新的数据的处理是不断变化的。 主存储器的另一个名字是随机存取存储器,或RAM。一种特殊类型的主存储器,称为只读存储器(ROM),不能被程序员改写。ROM的内容被制造商作为“只读”所固化,设计在芯片的逻辑上,。当你打开微机系统,一个ROM中的程序自动启动计算机系统。然后ROM程序初步显示屏幕提示。 ROM的一种变种是可编程的只读存储器(PROM)。RPOM是让用户能装载“只读”的程序和数据的ROM。一旦一个程序被加载到PROM,它简直从不改变。然而,如果你本材料版权归八舍109所有,任何人以任何形式使用请自觉支付版税~ 需要能够修改内容的PROM,有EPROM,可擦写的PROM。在写操作之前,所有的储存单元必须被删除到同样的初始状态。 一个更具有吸引力的形式的主读存储器是电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)。在任何时候都可以写入,不需擦除原先内容,且只是更新寻址到的字节或多个字节。

计算机专业英语

Chapter1 Competencies After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. 4. Distinguish between basic and specialized application software. 5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers. 6. Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, and the Internet. 第一章能力 当你阅读本章,你应该能够: 1。解释了信息系统的五个部分:人,程序,软件, 硬件和数据。

计算机专业英语教程(第三版)(unit5——)

Unit 5 Ex1: 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 T 9 T 10 T 11F 12T 13F 14F 15T 16T 17F 18T 19F 20F 21T 22T 23T EX2 1.mail, courier 2.hub, star 3.local area network 4.packets 5.Ethernet 6.kilobits per second, megabits per second, gigabits per second 7.circuit switching 8.reassembled 9.internet protocol, transmission control protocol 10.datagrams 11.frames 12.binary, decimal EX3 part A 1 C 2 E 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 D 7 H 8 G EX3 part B 1.hub 2.zipped 3.decimal 4.frame 5.binary number 6.internet 7.packet 8.bandwidth EX4 1.forwarded 2.reassembled 3.are encapsulated 4.cable 5.bursty 6.submit 7.are retransmitted 8.protocol EX5

1.IP address 2.notation 3.dotted-decimal https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b53327400.html,puter network 5.background 6.shared 7.geographic 8.privacy Exercise to the Passage for Reading EX6 1.有意为维修技师使用所留 2.被弃的、丢失的或损坏了的数据都进了数据桶。 3.比大多数人怀疑的那样有更少的相同之处。 4.只能由真正有特殊才能的人所打造的核心技术。 5.程序和文件 6.(1)和拓展程序所能(5)敏感信息的干涉者 7.隐藏的特性和控制开发复杂性 8.(2)意在用权宜而不清晰的方式解决某一特别难以解决情形的聪明的编程窍门。 9.不能很好地和人沟通 10.对程式,数据结构或整个程序 11.互相指责别人和不适当的团组有关 12.(1)打免费长途电话(2)但并不限于通讯网络 13.眼部疲劳 14.(1)他们认为微不足道或令人讨厌的问题。 15.没人能发现这些漏洞,或者,即便发现了,也不会探究利用。 16.受雇攻入某地以检测其安全性 17.用了很多GO To语句,例外语句或其它非结构化的分支构造 18.其后,没有定时作适当的压制(炸弹爆炸)的工作, 19.善意 20.在发布前很久 21.这种技术可能不能运转,如果真是这样,人们再不会知道是为什么 22.在Suns系统中,是L1—A,在苹果机中,是! 23.它完全不起作用,系统想做些什么,但被卡住了,不能取得进展 24.(1)指与计算机软硬件相对的人的神经系统,(2)此计算机系统的软硬件 25.在紧急关头,能很快找到程序缺陷并予以修复 26.指头脑封闭的人 Unit 6 Unit6 EX1 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 T 6 F 7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F 11F 12F 13T

计算机专业英语翻译题

Text A https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b53327400.html,puter is an electronic equipment which can make arithmetic and logical calculation process information rapidly and automatically. 计算机是一种能够高速、自动地进行算术和逻辑运算及信息处理的电子设备。3.The purpose of inventing and developing computer is to make arithmetic calculations rapidly accurately. 发明和开发计算机的目的是使算术运算快速准确。 4.Production management ,data counting,office automation,traffic dispatching,information retrieval all belong to this field. 生产管理,数据统计,办公自动化,通信调度,信息检索都属于这一领域。 5.Real-time means that the time of computer’s calculating and controlling may match the time of controlled object’s practical running or working. 实时意味着计算机的计算和控制的时间符合受控对象的实际运行或工作的时间。Text B 1.Perhaps the most significant date in the history of computers is the year 1936.it was in this year that the first “computer”was developed。It was created by Konrad Zuse and dubbed the ZI Computer. 也许在计算机历史上最显著日期是今年1936.它是在今年的第一个“电脑”被开发,它由康拉德·楚泽创建,并冠以ZI计算机。 2.While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households. 虽然昂贵,这些机器启动电脑的趋势在普通家庭。 3.Two years later ,the Harvard Mark I computer was developed, furthering the science of computing 两年后,哈佛大学马克一号电脑的开发,促进了科学计算。

《计算机专业英语》第03章在线测试

A B C D Windows gives you more control over the you work. A B C D The most important program on any computer is________. A B C D is a word processing tool that helps you to crea e quality documents. A B C D ( )as a significant majority of market share in the desktop A B C D

2、Windows 2000 has the key technologies, they are ( ). A、flat directory B、security C、active directory D、enterprise management 3、Active Directory supports ( ). A、delegation of administrative task B、granular access control C、encapsulation D、inheritance 4、Common contemporary operating systems include __________________________. A、Mac OS B、Microsoft Windows C、Linux D、Solaris 5、Microsoft Windows currently supports _______ and _______file systems A、NTFS B、ext2 C、FAT D、NILFS E、OCFS 第三题、判断题(每题1分,5道题共5分) 1、Office 2000 is an incredible set of business tools. 正确错误 2、Operating systems are not unique to their manufacturers.

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