高级英语串讲文本
学习方法
一教学大纲是编等教材的指南，也是同学们复习的准则，一定要严格按照考试大纲进行学习，复习，切忌押题猜题，这是毫无意义的，应在牢固而全而地掌握英语语法，词汇和用法的基础上有所侧重，如熟诣考试题型，熟悉课文和每天课后的词汇练习等。
一、制定学习计划
考生最好在考前三个制定详细地复习考试计划，从各阶段的小目标到阶段的大目标分步如期地进行，如捋清词汇，可参考老师提供的每节课的考试重点，上面列举的词均是精心挑选出来其搭配用法，词汇辩析，捋清语法，非谓语动词，虚拟式，从句等，每课后的词汇练习如选词填空词语辩析和汉译英，英译汉均是要好好复习，加强记忆，弄懂吃透要完全掌握。
三、要以教材为本
踏踏实实钻研课文，多读几遍教材上的课文，弄懂课文及出现的各语言点，了解文章的主题思想，观点和论点，修辞特点和文章风格，学会揣摩欣赏其文笔，表达方式，写作技巧和艺术特色。千万不要抛开教材埋头于题海或乱拣几本其他辅导书，忙于应试，这样肯定是事倍功半，得不偿失。因为教材内容本身就占考试的60%，其余40% 的水平考试也是难易程度与课文相仿的，所以吃透教材才是考试关键，所谓万变不离其宗，教材才是源头根本，只要掌握了教材所涵盖的各种语言现象，通过认真学习和练习，真正提高自主独立的学习能力和英语水平才能通过考试。
四、勤学苦练
英语跟汉语一样，属于交流的工具，语言不是创造的，而是沿袭的，只有通过大量的实践方能掌握其具体的应用，其知识和技能，达到一定的熟巧程度，教材里指定的练习，更应该认真去做，掌握牢靠。
五、精泛结合
除全面精读通读32篇课文外，还应该泛读其他的作品，以达到在多种语境下观察，体验已经学过的词的各种形式，学习已知词汇的新词义，并要能够不查词典，依靠上下文猜测出生词的大概意思。
六、经常使用英英词典
英英词典提供的词汇信息准确，全面，地道，语感强，有很多的例句和短语用法，信息量大，参考价值高，值得品读、揣摩和玩味。
推荐两种参考书
一种是高级英语全真模拟题（学苑出版社），适合考前热身，冲刺。
一种是难句过关之类的书，有助于提高语法和分析解题能力，更好地理解英文，词义，关系，层次，结构等。
2002年高级英语题型分析
高级英语试题分两部分：
第一部分考核课程内容，第二部分考核英语水平。
题型大致分两种
选择题和非选择题。与课程内容有头的题目占60%左右，水平考试的题目占40%左右。难度为：容易占20%左右，较多容易占30%左右较难占30%左右，难占20%左右。
考试时间为180分钟。
试题的分量以中等程度的考生能在规定时间内答完全部考题，并可加以检查为度。
高级英语认知词汇要求有1万千，要能熟练掌握其中4000个词及其最常用的词语搭配，习语、短语，能在半小时之内写出200字左右的短文，或在半小时内进行200字左右的英译中或中译英。
Part I, 一般为选择题占60%左右。
Part II，一般为非选择是，分值占40%左右。
2000年的题型分析
第一大题
fill in the following blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the list below (12分24个空这是从课文中摘出每小题0.5分) 几个段落每段抽出若干个单词进行填空(不用动词和适当形式填空，不改变动词形式。
总共有A-Z24个单词，24个空。
第二大题
也是从课文中摘出来的，但不是段落而是15句话，但给你A—Z共24个备选答案，备选答案中，不仅有单词，而且有词组，同样也不需要改变动词的形态，每题难度增加分值增加共15分此题和第一题均是考核学生对课文内容的掌握，同时考核学生对语法和词汇的运用能力单词或词组均选自课文中重点练习的词语。
第三大题
是词汇辩析题，多为考核学生对词义的正确理解，属同义词近义词辩析，但也有少量形似词和相头词的辩析，选词多是从书中各课练习选编出来的，所以应重视书后这类练习题，分值为每题1分共15分，一部分倘若考生能认真做书后练习，研读单词详释和课文详释，应该是拿分的有力武器而不是主要丢分的地方。
第八课汉译英共18分五个句子，一个段落，每句2分，段落8分，均摘自课文，考核学生运用语言的能力。
这四道大题总分值为60分，均出自两本高级英语的教材内容，所以熟悉课文，记忆单词，钻研练习是过关的必要条件。
从第四大题起是给出一篇800字左右，该短文难易程度与课文相当，如果遇到多个超出教材要求的认知词汇的词语，有时常会在考卷中附词汇表，通常回答四种题型的题。
第四大题总分40分
选择题：四选一，主要考核学生对短文的综合理解程度，考生可以根据所给文章内容选择正确答案，分值为10分，这一部分通常有几大类
(1) 就对文章某段主题内容进行概括，判断和区分主题句与论述主题的细节和事实，对文章的总结归纳能力，相关问法有文章的大意主旨，文章的最佳题目，文章的文体风格和作者态度，所以应对文章主体结构进行分析，找出主题，观点和论据推理，结论，准确理解文章的标题，归纳各段的主题句，整体语篇联系，文章的用词特点、文体，语气等。
(2) 就某一段落或某几个段落层次进行准确理解，相关问句包括···信息在每XX，XX段，可以考查各选项，并依次带到文章中进行印证，把握层意是关键。
第五大题
就词语含义进行提问，分值为10分，要求学生能在上下文中把握和理解词语的确切含义，切忌孤立和片面机械地理解词语。
第六大题
英译汉：主要考查对文章难句的理解，分值为10分同时英文译成汉文应力求准确，表达灵活而不要生硬，别扭，应学会挣脱英语句型结构的束搏，按照汉语语从句种类等多，关系严密，我们译时不能生搬硬套，否则会显得不伦不类，我们可以在理解的基础上直译，意译相结合，译出符合汉语的自然流畅通顺的句子，同时一定要注意运用一些翻译技巧，如词类转换，增词，减词，省略，定语从句译成状语等，若遇到生词暂译不出，要么巧妙避开，要么猜测大意，抓句子的主要大意。对人名，地名等可按音译，并附上原题。翻译完成后，可以进行修改，注意语句通顺是否有漏译，误译，错字等，根据文章用英语回答短文的问题，分值为10分。
第七大题回答问题（要求写一篇短文）
通常是要准确理解题目要求，抓住问题主旨，切中要点，切忌走题，跑题，答非所问，文不对题。很好地把握文章的整体结构，各分段的段落大意和论述层次关系。把握作者要表达的思想观点，及论述细节，下笔时一定要理清思路，语言表达上要学会归纳和转述作者的思想观点，千万不可照搬照抄短文原话，写作时注意逻辑关系和次序，关联词的运用，启承转合，主题中心思想观点要明确，论证有序有节。同时注意同义词的选用，相关的语法，拼写和标点符号。
2002年考题分析
第一题
fill in the following blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the list below (12分24个空这是从课文中摘出每小题0.5分) 几个段落，每段抽出若干个单词进行填空(不用动词的适当形式填空，不改变动词形式) 总共有A-Z24个单词，24个空。
I. 此题命题目的是针对教材中出现的词汇考核学生掌握此项内容考核学生对教材出现的词汇的掌握和运用解题方法，解题方法为。
1. 熟悉课文内容熟记单词、词义、词性。
2. 根据语法(非谓语动词、从句、被动语态、独立主格结构等) 、词语搭配确定所填词的词性和句子成分。
3. 运用删除法，排除法缩小范围，提高命中率，尤其是接近尾声或最后一段时非常有用。
4. 理解上下文，运用相关词如car→garage(19);对称性如in her car→ in her heart(21);反义词death→life(23), hurried→disturbed(17)。
例如第1个空，前面为定冠词，后面为名词，所填之词应为形容词或数词无数千字所以在casual和disturbed 之间选，比较容易选casual ；
第2个空，前面为动词不定式符号to，后面应为动词原形cultivate find allow make 中易选cultivate;
第3个空，前面是be动词，后面应是做表语的，要么是形容，要么是名词，要么是被动词态-avoided 比较好选，根据上下文。
第4个空为名词，而且是固定搭配substitute for；
第5个空，前面是形容词，后面是系词，肯定填的是名词，根据下文in grammatically precise 可选出precision；
第6个空前面用逗号隔开后面是个介词词组，有可能是定语或同位语，有可能是形容词或名词，选arranged 为过分词词组的定语；
第7个空，前面是个完整的句子，后面只有一个here，所以这个词肯定不什是句子的主要成分，即主语谓语或表语，有可能是定语或状语，而后面是here，能和here搭配使用的绝不可能是名词或形容词，只能是介词，over here为固定搭配；
第8个空语法判断为独立主格结构，可以是过去分词，现在分词或形容词，介词词组held felling avoided arranged disturbed approached, put 中最有可能是held和put，往下做即可排除put；
第9个空肯定为名词，that引导同位语，只有可能是feeling；
第10个空是固定搭配make a conversation很好选；
第11个空put in a telephone 用排除法；
第12题选at为固定搭配，应熟悉英语介词可提前；
第13个空和第16个空第18个空肯定填一个谓语动词，而且应是过去式ground my teeth 为固定搭配；
第14个空肯定是从句的关系代词或副词或连词，if only：要不是，为虚拟式；
第15个空可以是形容词或过去分词，现在分词，名词get somewhere为固定搭配词组：取得进展；
第16个空肯定用原形动词，为固定用法allow sb. to do sth.；
第17个空，利用对称性选过去分词disturbed；
第18个空用排除法就可获得因为它是最后一个过去分词；
第19个空用相关词car→garage。
第20个空肯定是名词，名词并不多，用排除法很容易获得moment;
第21个空用对称法和排除法in her car→in her hear。
第22个空用习语搭配find out 。
第23个空用反义词death→ life 。
第24个空情态动词后用原形动词，用排除法很容易获得。
第二题从多项选择中选出一个词语填空
与第一大题大体一致，但要注意区分同义词近义词和意义误解。
如第25deliver 与manifest, act as
第26separate→precedent phenomenon
第27题很简单at cost
第28题Saturday working与to work相比肯定选现在分词mind doing sth.
29. manifest 与make，pass for 应弄清pass for 的含义被认为(误认为)。
30. barricade sb. from sth.习语搭配与separate from相辩析。
31. pass for 和act as 做对比辩析。
32. releasing 和sprinkling swinging 进行辩析。
33. as well as 和so long as 只要弄清两个for介词词组之间的关系。
34. bosom由于真正的名词设几个用排除法很容易得到。
35. swinging 现在分词做伴随状语，根据对称性和and可判断出用现在分词，然后采用排除法，联系上下文可选出。
36. sprinkling 伴随状语，用排除法，与releasing进行词语辩析。
37. boast, manifest, blurt out, deliver进行辩析选择,并运用排除法，根据上下文，通过比较不难获得，had rather 由于时态不对而被排除。
38.在precedent, samples, poison, cost 之中进行排查不难得出precedent,关键在于千万别把precedent误当做形容词而不予考虑。
39. intolerable和insoluble的词义辩析，要求记忆准确。
第三大题(第40-54题)
在各课在线测试课文详释和书后练习题中，有大量练习，应巩固掌握，这应是个得分大题, 没有太大难度。
第四大题
选择题：四选一（注意阅读题项不可马虎应读细，读透彻，就单词释义，理解论者态度，文章，行文）。
55.C 根据第二段第一句和第二句, B的程度较重。
56. D whether···or···无论是谁都不要。
taxi 不是car的同义词。
truck也不是tractor的同义词所以A和C排除B也不确切，因为car→drivers包括taxi- drives
57. appreciate的同义词在上下文中为understand recognize 为公开承认，认识某人，认清某人，认清某事稀，认识到appreciate理解并欣赏体念。
58. 注意作者文章，用词和句式表达。
应选C，而不应选D，hate是到极度厌恶程度而事实并非如此，作者仅表示了他有些不愿意看见某一情景。
59. 选C而不应选D，反问句表示其实又有什么区别呢，即揣摩作者语气和态度，他在逐一进行反驳和批评，第一点是to avoid traffic accidents 下一段批驳save gas 。
60. 根据第六段第三句话，应选B，该题属细节题，原文中查读即可获得。
61. 选择D，应读懂apparently amused by my observation。
62. partially 的对译。
选B more or less。
63. disgusted的stare 对译和理解,选C。
64. 分析题干和文章第19段。
理解monopolized 的含义不是aggressive 的意思而是completely control所以选择A。
65. 讨厌的或累人的工作，烦心多余之事，所以选tedious，应善于猜测题义，理解课文内容。
因为关掉，开启发动机并不是难事，不可解决之事。
66. A drive sb. crazy 烦透了，难以容忍。
67. B 拟人化修辞。
68. D surge=sudden in crease。
69. B 词义解释很简单。
第六大题英译汉
第70，71，73，74题中应注意被动语态的译法，不要译为“被…”。
第70,72,题为应注意定语从句的译法。
第七大题写作
通常是要准确理解题目要求，抓住问题主旨，切中要点，切忌走题，跑题，答非所问，文不对题。很好地把握文章的整体结构，各分段的段落大意和论述层次关系。把握作者要表达的思想观点，及论述细节，下笔时一定要理清思路，语言表达上要学会归纳和转述作者的思想观点，千万不可照搬照抄短文原话，写作时注意逻辑关系和次序，关联词的运用，启承转合，主题中心思想观点要明确，论证有序有节。同时注意同义词的选用，相关的语法，拼写和标点符号。
第八大题汉译英
注意宾语从句，定语从句，介词短语，系表结构，松散句的用法和使用。
翻译技巧
*增词法
增加动词
There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no“ordinary Chinese”with paper f lags and bouquets of flowers.
增加形容词
The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke.
增加副词
The crowds melted away.
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
增加名词
First you borrow, then you beg.
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
增加表达时态的词
Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to help him remain in power.
增加语气助词
Don’t take it seriously, I’m just kidding.
增加量词
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
Once, they had a quarrel.
增加概括词
The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electric computer, artificial satellites and rockets.
增加承上启下的词
根据句法上的需要，增补原文中的省略部分
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
*正与反
John was a fool for danger.
I have a completely open mind.
Appearance are deceptive.
He always lives ahead of his salary.
I guess all’s fair in love and war.
I give you credit for being more sensible.
He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.
The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.
He seemed to be at loss for the precise word to complete his thought.
He will pay his debts when two Sundays come together.
*比较的表达
比较级时常可以译成动词
We seek no wider war.
They strive for lower birth rate.
注意less的译法
Anybody less like a dictator they would not find.
They were less than delighted to stay in town.
I could not care less about money.
注意never…more的译法
I couldn’t agree with you more.
注意more…than的译法
His works seem more likely a collection of separate scenes than a single novel.
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
He is not fond of playing chess any more than you are.
He is not more fond of playing chess than you are.
注意as well as的译法
Now when students learn the science of fertilizing crops, they learn by doing as well as studying.
He agrees with you as well as I.
He agrees with you as well as me.
His son has not yet joined the club as well as his daughter.
注意(Just) as…so…的译法
As you sow, so will you reap.
As is the teacher, so is the pupil.
注意A is to B what X is to Y的译法
Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal.
Regulation is to a school what the law is to a nation.
*被动与主动
The matter was never mentioned again.
What has been written runs the risk of oversimplification.
He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. was willing to normalize relations with his country.
The first explosive was made and used in China.
Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.
有些动词或词组所短语本身就有被动意味，有人称之为“隐被动”或“假被动”：This young man deserves punishing.
The paper can stand criticizing.
分词的被动
The minister delivered an inspiring sermon.
Months after Mary returned to the United States, the promised transcripts had failed to appear.
Tom sounded intrigued---and not long afterwards resigned his U.N. post.
不表被动，只表完成或状态:
He was China’s most wi dely traveled senior diplomat.
We were all strongly opposed.
I an annoyed with him.
形容词的被动与主动
The local audience was most receptive.
He said the meeting was informative.
The aged are not respectable in that country.
*定语从句的译法
加上转折的词语
All the while, George Bush, who was ultimately to benefit from the try that failed, sat silently by, a nearly forgotten spectator.
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
加上表示目的的结果的词语
Chinese delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
加上表示原因的词语
The ambassador was giving a dinner to a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.
加上表示让步的词语
The fact that the new alliance was locally generated and sustained should be a strong inducement to the U.S. whose interests already dictate such support.
加上表示条件的词语
It may seem somewhat odd to get water from fire, but we shall find that water is a common by-product of any fire in which hydrogen takes part.
加上表示时间的词
Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.
*loose/Periodic Sentence (松散句/圆周句)
Looking away from the glow, I fixed my gaze on the distant mountains where our adopted son had loved to go into in search of the perfect tree. Now in the foothills there was his grave----a grave I could not bear to visit.
And at last, as a due and fitting climax to the shameless persecution that party rancor had inflicted upon me, nine little toddling children, of all shades of color and degree of raggedness, were taught to rush onto the platform at a public meeting, and clasp me around the leg and call me Pa!
*英语否定句的理解和翻译
not ..because
In South Carolina we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.
She didn’t go to the hospital because she was ill.
All..not
All that glitters is not gold.
All these nations are not neutral.
Allis not well in the world nowadays.
But all teachers of English are not experienced teachers.
Every..not
Everything is not a joke.
No, everything is not straightened out.
both..not
But you see, we both cannot go.
cannot ...too
He cannot be praised too much.
Nobody could be too foolish this day.
The importance of the question cannot be over-estimated.
It +be+ adjective+ noun. +that …
It is a wise father that knows his own child.
It is a good workman that never blunders.
It is a long lane that has no turning.
Not, no, nobody, nothing , never, without ..hardly ,scarcely(否定)
They don’t seem hardly able to help it.
No one scarcely could throw himself down.
Not…rarely, seldom（肯定）
It isn’t rarely that we meet and compare notes.
It is not seldom that the unexpected happens.
He took no little pains over it.
I was not a little surprised that he lost the game.
多余否定
I wonder if we cannot get any more.
What nonsense would he not talk.
Here is my composition. Please look it over to see if I haven’t made any silly mistakes.
It’s growing dark, don’t you think it’s going to rain right now?
委婉的说法
We were not unprepared for the war.
It was not without reason that the Council decided to take such measures.
强调的肯定
There is no man but errors.
We will never stop short of goal.
No book is worth reading which is not worth much; nor is it serviceable until it has been read and re-read.
写作技巧
确定主题句
百分之五十以上的英语段落，其主题句出现在段首。不过，主题句在段落中的位置实际上是很灵活的。为达到不同的写作目的，如制造悬念、创造戏剧性效果或加深读者的印象，它可以出现在段落的最后一句，也可夹在段落中间，有的段落则没有明显的主题句，因为段落的内容集中，脉络分明，无须另加任何概括指示性的句子。此外，还可出现这样的情况；段落的第一句泛述主题，第二句才是明确限定该段内容的主题句，或者，第一句作为段与段之间承上启下的转折句，而第二句才是名符其实的主题句。尽管可以有种种不同的安排，但学习英语写作，还是提倡在段落的第一句明确陈述主题，因为把主题句放在段首，无论从作者本身角度或为读者考虑，都有好处。从读者角度看，段落的开头句是全段的引子，它象路标一样起着引路指导的作用。主题句作为开头句有助于读者迅速了解段落的中心思想，窥见作者的思想与观点，并预测该段的内容。从作者角度看，主题句是段落组织的关键，在着手一段落的写作时，学会用一句话概括该段将纳入的细节，就如同抓住了“纲”，牵制了其后的铺助句，使之紧扣主题，这将加强段落的整体性。在说明文与议论文中，主题句放在段首显得更加重要，它是中心论点的概括，是文章展开核心，开头句写得好，就能引导出一系列相关铺助句；开头句写得不明确，下面的句子往往难于安排，也容易离题。
主题句写好之后也要注意段落的连贯性和文字衔接
段落的连贯性包括两个方面：
1、句子内容的连贯性：就是各句内容上的联系要合乎逻辑，句子的排列顺序自然合理。
2、语言表达的连贯性：就是句子之间衔接合理，文字的过渡自然。
连贯性好的段落，一致性一家也强。但是，内容集中、符合一致性要求的段落却不等于就自然而然获得连贯性。这是因为，实现段落的连贯性，往往需要借助一定的语言手段，比如重复部分重复或呼应某一关键词；重复或对称某一语法结构；同时还离不开运用合适的转折关联词以指明示句子间的逻辑关系。
常见转折关联词语
以下为一些常见的转折关联词语以及它们所体现的逻辑关系。
1) To move to the next point:[从一过渡到另一点]
too, moreover, next, in the second place, secondly, thirdly, again, besides, in addition, further, likewise, finally, also, and, further more…
2) To all an example:[举例]
for example, such as ,that is ,in the following manner, namely, in this case, as an illustration, by way of illustration, in other words, specifically…
3) To emphasize a point:[强调]
especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, in fact, after all, as a matter of fact, above all, indeed, to be sure, in any event, surely, even more…, without question…
4) To compare a point:[比较相同点]
also, just as, in the same way/manner/token, in comparison, like-wise, like, similarly, then too, alike…
5) To contrast a point:[对比不同点]
but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, con-trary to, however, nonetheless, conversely, although, and yet, in contrast, whereas, yet, even though...
6) To concede a point:[让步]
after all, although it is true, at the same time, granted, provided, of course, while it is true, although…
7) To conclude a point:[总结]
consequently, so, accordingly, then, as a result, hence, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in short, thereafter, in brief, all in all, finally…
此外，类似下列表时间关系的词语
afterwards, at last, at length, immediately, in the meantime, lately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon, temporarily, thereafter, thereupon, while….
及诸如in front of , beside, beyond, above, below, on one side, on the other side, inside, outside, on the right, on the left…等表方位关系的介词、副词，也常做为过渡性词语。
猜词技巧
一. 根据上下文猜测词义
1、利用and前后的并列或分来推导答案
The hasty of the exploration recounts many tales of perseverance and suffering .
A. endurance
B. skill
c. generosity
d. disturbance
using different decorating schemes may result in discord and a lack of unity in style.
A. compromise
B. disharmony
C. disillusion
D. anxiety
2. 利用but, yet等连接词前后的对比关系来推测答案
Many movies receive disparaging 贬低轻视
reviews from film experts and get become extremely successful.
A. authoritative
B. lengthy
C. uninteresting
D. negative
Some critics have praised his novels but deplored their characterizations.
痛惜
A. lamented
B. emulated
C. complimented
D. ridiculed
3. 捕捉引导性提示
在上下文中，所遇生词前后的词或短语会给出引导性提示，根据对称性，相关性，利用它们这些提示可帮助猜词
The needlelike leaves of the giant redwood tree are diminutive, each scarcely a quarter of an inch long.
A. pretty
B. tiny
C. wiry
D. thorny
North American fur trade waned due to the diminishing number of fur bearing animals .
A. staggered
B. ceased
C. declined
D. collapse
二、运用语法知识猜词
运用时态，语态，名词单复数，非谓语动词，抽象与具体，词语固定搭配等
Current hiring policies seek to provide equal employment opportunity for woman and majority groups .
A. furnish with
B. demand of
C. confirm sth.
D. continue
三、从构词法来猜词
前缀，后缀，词根及含义
It marked the opera’s centennial 百年纪念
Some critics claim that this kind of art was a great artistic movement, one that has consistently been misrepresented .
A. described in correctly
B. ignored
C. exploited
D. subjected to ridicule
四、运用逻辑推理猜测
按照特定信息或细节之间的关系，然后做出判断
Air conditioning protects industrial workers against harmful fumes in the environment .
A. germs
B. gases
C. chemicals
D. debris 废墟
Scientists generally agree that Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50-100 years as much as it had warmed in the 2000years since the Ice Age .
A. as much as
B. as ling as
C. as soon as
D. as well as
五、利用常识来推测
1．Niagara Falls is a great attraction, luring millions of visitors each year .
2．Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailment.
语法技巧
1. 一般现在时
表示状态、感觉、猜测，所有动词常用于一般现在时
look, seem, taste, sound, hear ，find ，see, feel be, love, like, hate, want, hope, need, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe ，recognize, guess, guess, suppose ，propose, suggest, mean ，belong, think, envy, desire ，doubt, remain, consist, contain, fit, suit, owe, own，allow, have, prove, show, mind, master, require.
表示计划或安排的词，常用于一般现在时
如come, go, leave, begin, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop, depart, open, close, be .
eg: If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match.
叙述历史事实或用于某些条件状语从句时用一般现在时
There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than——in the public mind today.
A. exists
B. exist.
C. existing
D. existed
现在进行时
(1) 一般现在时表示动作的完成性，现在进行时表示动作的未完成性，一般现在时表示具体的动作，现在进行时经常反复发生的动作。
He often heard playing the piano in the morning but he is not heard play the piano today.
(2) 现在进行时可以表示计划和安排的动作。
If I am still sleeping, wake me up please.
强调动作的持续性，用现在进行的表示将来。
She is coming to London next day and asks me to meet her .
(3) 表示频繁的习惯性动作配上always, constantly, continually等副词，常常带有抱怨，不耐烦等感情色彩。
eg: I am continually losing my keys.
(4) 有些词不用现在进行时，如表示思想状态的动词，在表示思想活动的结果想法而不是积极的思维活动时，表示愿望，要求的动词，表示喜爱憎恶的动词，表示所属关系的动词，一些能做系词的动词，用于复合结构的感官动词。
believe, forget, consider, doubt, feel, hear, see smell, taste, hope, imagine, know, mean, recognize, remember, suppose, wonder, adore, desire, dislike, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, worship, desire, hope, want, wish, belong, contain, hold, own, possess, consist of appear, fit, look, matter seem, suit.
现在完成时
用于延续到现在或一直反复发生或多次出现状态过去发生的动作。
eg: The project requires more labor than has been put in because it’s extremely difficult. (过去发生对现在有影响的行为)
过去完成时
(1) 常表示动作和状态延续到过去某一时间，也可表示在过去某时刻以前结束，其影响延续至今。
(2) expect, hope, intend, mean, suppose think, want 用于过去完成时可以表示过去未能实现的希望意图打算。
eg: He had intended to call but was prevented by a headache.
(3) 在有宾语从句的句型中，主句用了know, realize, think 等表示推测想法的动词的一般过去时，如从句要表示是先发生的，要用过去完成时。
eg: (1) We realized we had lost our way .
(2) Although she had practiced law for only a little over eight years, Jane became the first woman to sit on a state supreme court.
被动语态
1. 有些词如get, become, come to, stand等可与助动词be一样后加过去分词构成被动语态。
eg: He came to highly repeated by everybody in the community.
2. 有些表示状态的词，不能构成被动语态。
如hold (容纳) fit, suit lack, last (够用) possess, resemble.
3. 跟双宾语，可将任一个宾语转化成主语。
He was offered some assistance.
Some assistance was offered to him.
4. 动词+介词，动词+副词，动词+副词+介词，动词+名词+介词的被动语态通常是将这类动词搭配看成一个整体，视为及物动词。
如: (1) Such success was never thought of when we first started.
(2) The sports meet is to be put off .
(3) That sort of thing should be done away with .
(4) Mary realized she was being made fun of .
动词+名词+介词形式可将动词+名词做及物动词加宾语来处理。
Special emphasis was laid on the choice of words.
5. 有些动词其主动语态表示被动意义。
如act, add up, clean, compare，count, cook, draw, fill, iron, keep, let, look, open, make up ，peel, photograph, need, sell ，spoil, wash, wear.
eg: (1) Browning’s plays won’t act .
(2) The meat won’t keep long.
6. 有些-ed分词是作形容词用的，表示主语所处的状态，即做表语，就加以区别。
eg: our house is painted.
这类动词中表示心理状态的动词过去分词形式多做形容词用，另外句中若有程度副词more, most, much, too, very 时过去分词形式多为形容词。
如: lost (茫然) ，worried ，satisfied, abashed, amazed, concerned, decided, disappointed，disconcernedly，excited, hurt, irritated, startled, stunned, vexed.
eg: I was almost exhausted.
All fights having been concealed because of the snow storm, we decided to take the train.
7. 用it作形式主语的被动语态。
It’s said (hoped supposed)that .
It must be admitted(pointed out) that.
It may be said without fear of exaggeration. 可以毫不夸张的说。
It is asserted that. 有人主张。
It is generally considered that. 大家认为。
虚拟语气
(1) 引起宾语从句虚拟语气的动词。
wish 后的宾语从句，动词均用相当于陈述语气过去时或过去将来时的形式。
(2) 主句谓语动词表示命令建议，劝告请求等的动词，宾语从句一般应用虚拟式，如：
demand, desire, insist, deem, order, prefer, promise, propose, suggest, command, request 等。
(3) 由动词ask, consider, decide, doubt, wonder等引起间接疑问句，用if/whether引导，偶尔也用how, what, where和why引导。
例如：I can’t understand why you be so much out of heart.
We doubt whether there be a hundred students in the hall .
(4) 主句谓语动词表示惊奇，喜悦，惶感不安，怀疑，遗憾失望等的动词和短语如：marvel, puzzle, expect, believe, think, suspect, regret, rejoice, wonder, be glad, be anxious be pleased, be sorry, be vexed等
tear, dread, tremble, be afraid.
一、宾语从句用should be 或should have been, 由that引导
eg: (1) He regret that his son should be so stubborn.他很遗憾他儿子居然如此固执。
(2) His mother was very anxious that.
Hans should miss the much needed scholarship. 汉斯母亲很担心他会失去急需的奖学金。
(3) I am afraid I should bore you. 我怕他会不耐烦。
二、引起表语从句的虚拟式的名词及动词
1. 用于suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, pan, idea等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句
2. 主语的谓语动词为be, feel, look, seem等连系动词表语从句as if/though 引导。
You look as if you had a toothache.
She looked as though she were fainting.
三、虚拟语气用于主语从句的动词结构
(1) 以it is a pity ( a shame ) that…
it is no wonder
it is incredible (advisable, appreciate, best, strange better, compulsory, crucial desirable, imperative, vital, important, obligatory, preferable) that..
主句表示说话人的态度和愿望，即说话人认为从句的内容是必需的，重要的适当的，希
望实现的that引导的主语从句的谓语动词should be或should have been虚拟形式。
eg: It is strange that she should have failed to see her own short comings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
It is necessary that every member inform himself of these rules. 每位成员必须知道这些规则。
(2) 其他一些以-ed分词为表语的结构。
如it is desired (suggested/ requested ordered, proposed settled, recommended) it has been decided.
eg: It is requested that we (should) unite with all that can be united in the struggle.
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed to next day.
一些动词结构用于表示说话人的某种感情如吹标懊悔，欣慰，扶望等。
如：extraordinary ,awkward, annoying, curious, disastrous, dreadful fortunate, improper, incredible, improper, irrational, odd, peculiar, queer, regrettable, remarkable, frightening, irritating, perplexing, pleasing, shocking surprising, upsetting.
eg: It is extraordinary to me that you should have seen this in the portrait. 你居然在画像上看到
这一点，这对我来说真不寻常。
It is awkward that he should be late .他居然来晚了，真叫人尴尬。
四、状语从句中虚拟语气
1.让步状语结构
(1) 让步状语连词结构even if though, although/though. 引导的虚拟让步从句
Though even if he should fail a hundred times in the experiment, there would still be hope.
(2) ever, however, whatever (whoever, wherever 及no matter how what, who where )引导
的虚拟让步从句
eg: Whichever be the case, his situation remained the same.
Whatever be the consequence of my experiment, I am resolved to judge with my own eyes .
Wherever she may live, she will always find friends.
(3) 用Whether-or 引导虚拟让步从句
Whether he succeed or fail, it will not matter to me.
2. 原因状语结构
(1) I’m sorry,We were surprised ,They were disappointed. 等结构后的从句用虚拟式。
eg: I am sorry that he should be in such poor health. 认真难过他身体这在差。
I am still not quite convinced that she should have done so much in such a short time.
(2) 以lest, for fear that, in case.引起的虚拟从句，也看作目的状语从句。
eg: I had to restrain him lest he should give us away.
3. 目的状语结构
由that, in order that, so that 引起的虚拟结构。
(1) He got up (cautiously, so that he might not wake the sleeping boy.)
(2) She averted her face so that the child should not see her tears.
非谓语动词
一、动名词
1. 动名词可用做句词作主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语，可用所有格名词，物主代词或指示代词修饰。
2. 动名词具有动词特性，及物动词的动名词可带真接定语，可用副词或起副词或状语作用的介词短语修饰。
3. 动名词有完成式，也有被动语态形式。
4. 动名词可以表示一定的时间意义。
eg: (1) He mentioned having read it in the paper. (发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前)
(2) I was surprised at hearing this. (跟谓语动词所表示的时间同的)
二、动名词做宾语：要求动名词做直接宾语的常用动词和短语
如：acknowledge, avoid, consider, enjoy, evade, fancy, mind, risk, practice, finish, postpone, resist, sugges t, shun, can’t bear, cannot help can’t afford, put off, pardon，advise, keep on.
２００２年１０月高级英语真题分析:阅读理解部分/翻译部分
cover letter 英文介绍信格式
Jessica Li Qinghe Xiaoying Eastern Road Haidian, Beijing China PRC 100192 Mobile: QQ: E-mail: June 18th, 2014 President Yu Minhong New Oriental Education and Technology Campany No.18 Zhongguancun Street Haidian, Beijing China PRC 100186 Dear President Yu, My name is Jessica and I would like to apply for the position of full time junior high school English teacher of New Oriental. As I understand the position, there are three primary responsibilities: ●Improve student their English scores with effective ways ●Clear about teaching aim, having creative teaching method, with good control ability in class by mobilizing the enthusiasm of the students; ●The profound identity and understanding of Oriental culture Therefore you require an individual who has an English education background and a strong background in teaching and organizing with creative and effective teaching methods which make the class active and attractive. As you can see from my CV, which I have attached for your reference, I have all of the required skill sets. First, I am good at English with four years English major study. I graduated from Beijing Information Science & Information University with bachelor degree. I spared no efforts to study English in collage, especially oral English. I’ve done well in my college life not only in academic performance but also in the field of daily communication with the people around me. Second, I have over one year teaching experience as a part-time teacher for junior high school students in ABC language school. I know how to improve junior high school students’ English
英语高级视听说-下册-unit-2
Not Your Average Teen Lots of teenage girls dream of becoming rich and famous. But it's not a fantasy for Michelle Wie. Just before her 16th birthday last fall, she became the highest-paid woman golfer in history simply by turning professional and lending her name to commercial endorsements that will pay her between $10 million and $12 million a year, most of which will go into a trust fund until she becomes an adult. Wie has been a celebrity since she was 13, when people began predicting she would become the Tiger Woods of women' sgolf. But, as correspondent Steve Kroft reports, that has never been enough for Wie. She wants to become the first woman ever to successfully compete with men in a professional sport. She has tried a couple of times on the PGA Tour without embarrassing herself. As you will see, she has changed a lot since we first talked to her way back in 2004, when she was 14. At the time, Wie told Kroft her ultimate goal was to play in the Masters. "I think it'd be pretty neat walking down the Masters fairways," she said. It was a neat dream for a 14-year-old kid. Nothing has happened in the last two years to change Wie's mind or shake her confidence. She is stronger now, more mature and glamorous. She has already demonstrated that she can play herself into the middle of the pack against the best men on the PGA Tour and has come within a shot of winning her first two starts on the LPGA Tour this year as a part-time professional. The day before 60 Minutes interviewed her at the Fields Open in Honolulu, she shot a final round of 66, coming from six strokes off the lead to just miss a playoff. "You won your first check yesterday," Kroft says. "Uh-huh," Wie says. "It was, it was really cool. I mean, I was like looking at how much I won. I was like 'Oh my God.' " Wie says she won around $72,000. Asked whether she gets to keep that money, Wie said she didn't know. "I'm trying to negotiate with my dad how much I can spend of that, and stuff like that. We're still working it out. But, you know, I'm definitely gonna go shopping today," she says, laughing. Half of her life is spent in the adult world, competing with men and women twice her age for paychecks they may need to make expenses and dealing with the media, sponsors and marketing executives. The rest of the time she is a junior at Punahou High School in Honolulu, where she is an A student and claims to lead the life of a typical 16-year-old.
【精品】自考行政法与行政诉讼法一串讲笔记
自考行政法与行政诉讼法（一）串讲笔记 第一编绪论 第1章行政法的基本概念 第一节行政 一、行政的涵义 1。行政的概念 (名词解释）行政在行政法上的意义,通常指国家行政机关执行国家法律、政策，管理国家内政、外交的活动。 2。行政的分类考察 1 / 241
(1）公行政与国家行政. （名词解释）狭义的行政仅包括公行政，指公共组织，主要指国家行政机关为实现公共目的、任务而行使的执行、管理职能. （单选）国家行政属于公行政，但公行政并不等于国家行政. (2）静态行政和动态行政。 （单选）静态行政的涵义是被赋予相应职能的组织单位和个人，指行政机关、行政机构、行政人员；动态行政的涵义是相应组织职能的运作，指行政活动、行政行为。 (3）形式行政和实质行政。 （单选）行政执法属于实质行政。形式行政是根据主体的性质界定的行政，即只有国家行政机关进行的活动为行政;实质行政是根据主体活动的性质界定的行政，即不论主体为何公权力机关，只要其活动具有执行、管理的性质，即为行政. 2 / 241
二、行政与行政国 （单选)行政法作为一个独立的法律部门,是伴随着“行政国”的产生而产生的。 三、行政与法治国 （单选）“行政国”产生是行政法产生和发展的基本原因,而行政法产生和发展是法治国形成的基本条件。 第二节行政法 一、行政法的涵义 （名词解释)（05-4)（02—4)行政法是指调整行政关系，规范和控制行政权的法律规范系统。 (多选）(05—4）(02-4）行政法的内容是由行政法的调整对象决定的。行政法的调整对 3 / 241
象是行政管理关系；行政法制监督关系;行政救济关系；内部行政关系。 （多选）（06—4)（03-4）属于行政管理关系的有劳动局实施行政处罚与被处罚人之间形成的关系、劳动局登记检查企业用工情况与企业之间形成的关系。 （单选)海关系统的内部关系，属于垂直领导关系。 二、行政法与行政权 （多选)行政权从其权力内容考察，包括国防权、外交权、治安权、经济管理权、社会文化管理权等. 三、行政法的形式 4 / 241
成熙英语_中级班_听力脚本
Unit 1 (1) I'm really sorry: Ted: Oh, I'm really sorry. Are you OK? Ana: I'm fine. But I'm not very good at this. Ted: Neither am I. Say, are you from South America? Ana: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina. Ted: Did you grow up there? Ana: Yes, I did, but my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school. Ted: And where did you learn to rollarblade? Ana: Here in the park. This is only my second time. Ted: Well, it's my first time. Can you give me some lessons? Ana: Sure. Just follow me. Ted : By the way, my name is Ted. Ana: And I'm Ana. Nice to meet you. Hey, hey! that was fun Ted: Hey, hey! that was fun. Thank you for the lesson! Ana: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do? Ted: I work in a travel agency. Ana: Really! What do you do there? Ted: I'm in charge of their computers. Ana: Oh, so you're a computer specialist. Ted: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so. Ana: That's great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I'm taking. Ted: Oh, sure...But only if you promise to give me some more rollarblading lessons. Ana: It's a deal! (2) Where are you from originally, Yu Hong Interviewer: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong? Yu Hong: I'm from China...from near Shanghai. Interviewer: And when did you move here? Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992. Interviewer: And what do you do now? Yu Hong: I'm a transportation engineer. Interviewer: I see. So you 're an immigrant to the United States. Yu Hong: Yes, that's right. Interviewer: What are some of difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.? Yu Hong: Oh, that's not an easy question to answer. There are so many things,
自考公共英语(一)课文翻译(unit22)
自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit22） -自考串讲笔记 Unit 22 Text A 当今人们对健身的态度 最近一位学生对我们说，抽出时间来增进身体健康完全是在浪费学习时间。他要我们相信，对他来说，健身运动一点也不比学打桥牌更有用。上大学和为将来的职业做准备才是他的当务之急。 这个学生把身体健康看成是一种目的，而不是我们所认为的手段。人们对于个人参加体育锻炼所持意见很多，赞成的或反对的都有，他的观点只是其中的一种。 很多人，包括不同年龄的大学生，用在健身活动上的时间很少。当然这里有些人可能受到身体条件的限制，运动起来非常困难，而另一些人从事的活动很费时间，只有完成之后才有机会去休闲娱乐。然而，那些能更多参加健身活动而实际上却参加得很少的大多数人又如何呢下面的哪句话更符合你说的 “我知道这很重要，但我只是现在没有时间。” “我已经很健康，而且按我的计划，保持下去没有困难。” “我应该参加得比现在多，但我没有健身器材，别人也不太支持我。”
“锻炼使我感觉糟透了，即使淋浴之后，我去上下一节课时还是浑身是汗，闻起来大概有些更衣室的味道。” 你与那些没有做出承诺的人不同，也许已承诺投入一项健身计划，但你这项活动的范围可能是比较狭隘的。如果下列某一议论和你一致，那么也许你还没有看到保持高水平的身体健康所具有的更广泛的价值。 “宿舍中每个人都在晚上跑步，所以我也跑。” “锻炼时间每消耗3500卡热量，我就可以减少一磅指肪。圣诞节之前我只需要再减十磅。” “这个周末天气凉爽宜人。星期六看起来是创造个人纪录的好日子。” “有些人可能会说我怕死。见鬼，我只是想长寿。” 如果你看到这些议论中有一条正好代表了你的态度，那么你衡量健身价值的理由不是有点近视吗我们建议你重新审视自己对健身的态度和健身对你生活其它方面的积极影响。你应该问问自己，“如果我真的处于身体最佳状态，我会取得什么成就”因为身体强健的程度很容易观察和测出，你可以很快开始看到你有能力成为的那个正在脱颖而出的人。几乎每天你都能看到进步和成就，不过请记住，人各不同，有些人会比别人进步得快。归根结底，我们认为虽然健身不能保证你活得更长，但却有助于你享受你的人生。 Unit 22
成熙英语高级文本
Unit1 That's what friends are for. you have a date for the party yet Do you have a date for the party yet Actually,I don't. Do you know anyone I could go with em..what kind of guys do you like oh,I like guys who aren't too serious,and who have a good sense of humor. You know,someone like you. okay,erm,what else Well I prefer someone I have something in common with,who i can talk to easily. I think i know just the guy for you,Bob.. Do you know him
No,i don't think so. okay,I'll ask him to meet us for coffee,and you can tell me what you think. ,what's the verdict So,what's the verdict What did you think of Bob Well,I was worried at first,especially when I saw that he rode a huge motorcycle. I thought he might turn out to be one of those guys who is into heavy metal music and stuff like that. You know what I mean But he is just a regular kind of guy right Yeah,we got along really well. I knew you'd like him!
英语高级视听说下册 unit 10
Burning Rage This story originally aired on Nov. 13, 2005. When they first emerged in the mid-1990s, the environmental extremists calling themselves the "Earth Liberation Front" announced they were "the burning rage of a dying planet." Ever since, the ELF, along with its sister group, the Animal Liberation Front, has been burning everything from SUV dealerships to research labs to housing developments. In the last decade, these so-called "Eco-terrorists" have been responsible for more than $100 million in damages. And their tactics are beginning to escalate. Some splinter groups have set off homemade bombs and threatened to kill people. As correspondent Ed Bradley first reported last November, things have gotten so bad, the FBI now considers them the country's biggest domestic terrorist threat. 错误! The biggest act of eco-terrorism in U.S. history was a fire, deliberately set on the night of August 1, 2003, that destroyed a nearly-completed $23 million apartment complex just outside San Diego. The fire was set to protest urban sprawl. "It was the biggest fire I have ever responded to as a firefighter," remembers Jeff Carle, a division chief for the San Diego Fire Department. "That fire was not stoppable. At the stage that the fire was in when we arrived, there were problems in the adjacent occupied apartment complexes. Pine trees were starting to catch fire. Items on patios were starting to light up and catch fire. And we had to direct our activity towards saving life before we could do anything about the property." Hundreds were roused from their beds and evacuated. Luckily, nobody –including firefighters – was injured. By the time the fire burned itself out the next morning, all that remained was a 12-foot-long banner that read: "If you build it, we will burn it." Also on the banner was the acronym: E-L-F. When Carle saw the banner, he says he knew he had a problem. A problem, because he knew what ELF stood for: the Earth Liberation Front, the most radical fringe of the environmental movement. It's the same group that set nine simultaneous fires across the Vail Mountain ski resort in 1998 to protest its expansion, causing $12 million in damage. And it is the same group that has left SUV dealerships across America looking like scenes from Iraq's Sunni triangle, their way of protesting the gas-guzzling habits of American car buyers. The ELF is a spin-off of another group called the ALF, or Animal Liberation Front, whose masked members have been known to videotape themselves breaking into research labs, where they destroy years of painstaking work and free captive animals. In recent years,
上外版英语高级视听说(上册)听力原文
Unit 1 Pirates of the Internet It’s no secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry as millions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favorite songs by downloading them from the internet. Now the hign-tech thieves are coming after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-length feature films is a relatively new phenomenon, but it’s becoming easier and easier to do. The people running America’s movie studios know that if they don’t do something----and fast---they could be in the same boat as the record companies. Correspodent: “What’s really at stake for the movie industry with all this privacy?” Chernin: “Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features.” Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of the Internet are gaining on him. Correspont: “Do you know how many movies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the United States?” Chernin: “I think it’s probably in the hundreds of thousands, if not millions.” Correspondent: “And it’s only going to grow.” Chernin: “It’s only going to grow. √Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on the internet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse, send out a million copies all over the world, in an instant.”
自考英语重点语法
自考英语重点语法 动名词在句子中的作用 动名词是一种非限定动词，其构成同现在分词一样，即在动词原形后加-ing，在形式上同现在分词没有任何区别。动名词的用法并不算很复杂，但出现的频率却非常高，是考试常考语法项目，因此应该格外引起学生的注意。动名词在句子中不受主语的人称和数的制约，但不能做谓语。 1.作主语 动名词及其短语可以用来作主语，跟一般名词或代词在句子中作主语一样，有自己的谓语/表语、宾语等等，组成完整的句子。 如：Smoking does a lot of harm to one's health. （吸烟对人体非常有害。） Reading different kinds of books can enlarge your range of knowledge. （阅读各类书籍能扩大你的知识面。） 但是，动名词作主语有两种特殊句型，那就是由"it"作形式主语和"there"作先行主语的两种句型。这两种特殊句型正是学生常常忽略的地方。因此，必须给予足够的重视。 （1）“it”作形式主语的句型。这种句型常常表现在下列结构中： It is no good... It is not much good... It is no use... It is hardly any use... It is useless... It is not any use... It is little use... It is hardly worth... It is worth... It is worthwhile... It is a waste of time... It is difficult... It is a waste of time arguing with him. （跟他辩论是在浪费时间。） It was no use talking without taking any action. （只说不做是没有用的。） （2）“there”作先行主语的句型。这种句型通常用在否定句中，其基本形式是there is/was+动名词。 There is no denying the fact. （事实不容否认。） There is no joking over this matter. （这种事开不得玩笑。） There is no telling what she will be after she grows up. （说不准她长大后会干什么。）动名词在句子中的作用 2.动名词作表语 动名词作表语形式上同进行时态一样，由be+动词-ing形式构成，但它所表达的是主语“是什么”，而不是主语“正在干什么”。 The only thing that Smith likes to do after his dinner is watching TV. （史密斯饭后唯一喜欢做的事就是看电视。） The most important thing is finding the most suitable person for this job. （最重要的事情是找到这个工作最适合的人选。） Seeing is believing. （眼见为实。） 我们知道，不定式也同样可以作句子的主语和表语，所表达的意义也非常接近，但两者也有一定的区别：一般说来，动名词多表示一般行为和状态，而不定式则强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。 动名词在句子中的作用 3.动名词作同位语 同位语是用来说明所修饰的名词，是对该名词的进一步解释，起一个补充说明作用。动名词作同位语也起同样的作用。 His hard habit, smoking one cigarette after each meal, remains unchanged for fifty years. （他饭后一支烟这个恶习五十年没有改变。） That's my pride, speaking five languages.
成熙英语_中级班_听力脚本(新版)
成熙英语中级班听力脚本（剑桥二） 1.Break the Ice (1) Oh,I’m really sorry: Ted: Oh, I'm really sorry. Are you OK? Ana: I'm fine. But I'm not very good at this. Ted: Neither am I. Say, are you from South America? Ana: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina. Ted: Did you grow up there? Ana: Yes, I did, but my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school. Ted: And where did you learn to rollarblade? Ana: Here in the park. This is only my s econd time. Ted: Well, it's my first time. Can you give me some lessons? Ana: Sure. Just follow me. Ted : By the way, my name is Ted. Ana: And I'm Ana. Nice to meet you. (2) Hey, hey! that was fun Ted: Hey, hey! that was fun. Thank you for the lesson! Ana: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do? Ted: I work in a travel agency. Ana: Really! What do you do there? Ted: I'm in charge of their computers. Ana: Oh, so you're a computer specialist. Ted: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so. Ana: That's great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I'm taking. Ted: Oh, sure...But only if you promise to give me some more rollarblading lessons. Ana: It's a deal! (3) Yuhong the Immigrant. Interviewer: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong? Yu Hong: I'm from China...from near Shanghai. Interviewer: And when did you move here? Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992. Interviewer: And what do you do now? Yu Hong: I'm a transportation engineer. Interviewer: I see. So you 're an immigrant to the United States. Yu Hong: Yes, that's right. Interviewer: What are some of difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.? Yu Hong: Oh, that's not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I
(完整版)高级英语视听说2参考答案(1)
Chapter 1 The Population I 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelistening B 1 census ribution 6 made up of 7 comprises 8 relatively progressively 9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate 11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancy D 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10 f 4% g 1990 h 40% i 3/4 j 33.1% 2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4 II First Listening ST1 population by race and origin ST2 geographical distribution ST3 age and sex III Postlistening A 1. People’s Republic of China, India 2. 281 mill
3. Hispanics(12.5%) 4. Texas 5. the South and the West 6. 20% 7. by more than 5 million 8. about 6 years 9. 2.2 years 10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancy Chapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present PRELISTENING B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts immigrated natural disasters/ droughts/ famines persecution settlers/ colonists stages widespread unemployment scarcity expanding/ citizens failure decrease
英语二复习笔记6
4、解题思路及答题技巧 两大原则： （1）先做主观题，再做客观题。 （2）按分值合理分配时间。 1.完型填空： （1）上看下看，左看右看，充分利用上下文。 （2）熟记固定搭配。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate _________11 by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s _________12 has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large，so that _________13 to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides，Japan’s work force was disciplined，so it was capable _________14 applying the information it acquired. Finally，American and European companies，who were _________15 licensers，felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market _________16 they were not limited by licensing agreement.
成熙高级听力脚本
Chris: Do you have a date for the party yet? Kim: Actually, I don’t ……Do you think you could help me find one? Chris: Hmm. What kind of guys do you like? Kim: Oh, I like guys who aren’t too serious and who have a good sense of humor. You know ... like you. Chris: OK. What else? Kim: Well, I’d prefer someone I have something in common with – who I can talk to easily. Chris: I think I know just the guy for you. Bob Branson. Do you know him? Kim: No, I don’t think so. Chris: Let me arrange for you to meet him, and you can tell me what you think. B Listen to Chris and Kim discussing Bob after Kim met him. How did Kim like him? Chris: So, what’s the Verdict? What did you think of Bob? Kim: Well, I was worried at first especially when I saw that he wears not one but two earrings, I thought he might turn out to be one of those guys who are into heavy rock music and stuff like that. You know what I mean? Chris: But he’s just a regular kind of guy, right?