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非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳
非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词

在英语中,动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分):

attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视

afford负担得起demand要求long渴望

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式:

allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿

bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒……

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌

involve卷入,包含practise 实行,实践suggest建议……

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

3)try to do努力、企图做某事

try doing试验、试一试某种办法

4) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念

(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:

I should like to see him tomorrow.

5) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系

Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:

ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动

tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。

John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do

His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:

1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come (3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

5.不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。

(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:

a:not/never too…to,too…not to, but/only too… to,too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义

b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。

6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。

(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

(3)不带to的不定式

1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

feel觉得observe 注意到,看到overhear听到

notice注意see看见look at看hear听

2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:

Let him do it.让他做吧。

3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:

Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。

但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。

3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel , wrong等

7.非谓语动词中的有关句型

(1)动名词作主语的句型

1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.

4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”)

5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性)

6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing

7)feel like + 名词感觉像动名词“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词

8) spend/waste time doing sth.

9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。

10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)

(2)有关分词句型

1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如:

2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如:

3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。

4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做…

5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?)

(3)有关动词不定式句型

下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。

can not help but do,can not but do,cannot choose but do,can do nothing but do,have (4)there be的非谓语形式

there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。

1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等。

2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。

3)作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。

4)作定语。There be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。

王纯菁 13号

大境中学高二(2)班

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

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worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6)概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

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否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

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(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

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非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6)概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示 advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求 authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤 command命令intend想要,企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教

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