2013年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案(二)

2013年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案(二)

Part3 Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before asking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science--- starting with Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器）in 1931. A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.

But climb up to the third floor and you’ll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 "I believe things are getting better，" she says, "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like."

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) circumstance F) different K) presently

B) confidence G) exposing L) rare

C) covers H) fast M) realistic

D) current I) honoring N) site

E) deals J) hope O) virtually

Section C

26. In addition

【精析】语义推断题。句子主干结构完整,此处填入衣示递进关系的单同或短语。結合录音填人In addition,意力"此外"。.

27. software

【精析】句意推断题。结合空格前的purchase可知，此处应填人名词作宾语。结合录音填人software,意为"软件"。

28. available

【精析】句意推断题。此处应该填人形容词，与were构成系表结构。结合录音填人available,意为”可用的,可得到的"。

29. individuals

【精析】句意推断题。此处应该填入名词形式作主语。结合录音填入individuals.意为"个人"。

30. technological

【精析】修饰关系题。此处应该填入形容词,修饰名词improvements。结合录音填入technological,意为"技术的"。

31. manufacture

【精析】句意推断题。结合空格前的to可知,此处应该填人动词形式。结合录音填人manufacture, 意为"生产"。

32. In short

【精析】语境推断题。句子主干结构完整,此处应该填人具有总结意义的单词或短语。结合录音填人In short,意为"筒而言之"。

33. By contrast

【精析】语义推断题。句子主干结构完整,此处应该填人具有承上启卞意义的单词或短语。结合录音填人By contrast,意为"比较而言"。

34. scientific

【精析】并列关系题。此处应该填人形容词,修饰名词短语animal breeding。结合录音填人scientific,意为"科学的"。

35. quantity

【精析】句意推断题。结合空格后的of a product 推测,此处应该填人名词构成常用搭配。结合录音填入quantity,意为"数量"。

Section B

Directions：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.

The rise of the sharing economy

Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—-2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new "sharing economy", in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinate via the internet.

A) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店),owning a timeshare (分时度假房）or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever —and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters；smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing.

What's mine is yours, for a fee

B) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc (临时的）taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店〉as and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps （胜过）ownership.

C) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (电网）.And it is not just individuals; the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.

D) Such "collaborative (合作的）consumption" is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $ 9 300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $ 250 a month；some make more than $ 1 000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.

E) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons (低脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.

Peering into the future

F) The shying economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers" (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.

G) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers, in future, companies may develop hybrid （混合的）models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles，equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.

H) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and- breakfasts are more than adequate.

I) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的）enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.

47. Airbnb's success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.

48. The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.

49. The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.

50. The sharing economy has a promising future.

51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.

52. Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.

53. The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.

54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.

55. Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.

Section B

共享经济的崛起

A) (52)昨天晚上,4万人通过一项服务租到了房子。该服务提供了25万间房屋,覆盖192个国家的3万个城市。他们在网上挑选房屋并在线支付一切费用。但是,他们的房子不是连锁酒店而是由个人提供的。(47)撮合房客与房主的是一家总部设在旧金山的公司一一Airbnb,自2008年开展业务以来,该公司已经为400多万人提供过服务,仅2012年就服务过250万人。该公司是很受欢迎的新型"共享经济"最成功的范例。通过网络协调,人们互相之间可以直接

租赁房屋、汽车、船以及其他资产。

B) 你或许认为共享经济同经营家庭旅店、拥有分时度假房或者拼车没什么区别。但是,技术降低了交易成本,使同别人共享资产变得比以前更加划算和容易一一因此,这种交易规模也可能更大。共享经济的重大改变在于它能够让你获得更多的有关对方和租赁物的信息,从而允许把实体资产进行分配并作为服务供人们消费。在互联网出现之前,从他人处租赁冲浪板、电动工具或是停车场是可行的,但同租金相比,租赁行为本身往往更麻烦。如今,像Airbnb、RelayRides和SnapGoods这类网站把交易双方撮合在一起;带有GPS定位功能的智能手机能让人们看到最近的可供租赁的汽车停在什么位置;社交网络提供了一种核对人们信息并且能让交易各方建立信任的方式；网络支付系统来处理订单。

我的就是你的,但得付费

C) 如同eBay的对等商务允许任何人成为一名零售商一样,共享网站可以让个人根据自己的情况,从事临时出租车服务、开设租车公司或是精品酒店的业务。所有这一切只要上网或是下载一款应用程序即可。(49)这种模式适用于那些价格昂责而已经拥有它的人却无法物尽其用的物品。最明显的例子就是房子和汽车。除此之外,你还可以租赁瑞典的露宿营地、澳大利亚的农场以及法国的洗衣机。共享经济推广者的口头禅就是:共享胜过拥有。

D) 对此写过一本专著的Rachel Botsman说,仅消费者的对等租赁市场就价值260亿美元。广义上的共享经济还包括对等放贷或在你的房顶上安装一块太阳能电池板,然后把生产出来的电力卖给电网公司。当然,共享经济并不仅限于个人。网络让公司更轻易地将多余的办公室和闲置的机器租赁出去。但是,共享经济的核心是互相租赁东西的个人。

E) 此类"协作消费"之所以是一件好事有以下几个原因。(54)所有者可以从利用率不足的物品中赚取费用。Airbnb称,旧金山市的那些平均每年将房屋出租58天的房主,每年能有9 300美元的收入。那些使用RelayRides的服务将自家汽车租赁给别人的车主每月平均收入为250美元,有些甚至超过了1 000美元。与此同时,同自己购买或是从旅馆和租车公司等传统的租赁商那里承租相比,承租人的费用也降低了不少。(46)共享经济还有益于环保。在需要时租车而不是买车,这意味着汽车的需求量减少,那么用于制造汽车所需求的资源也必定会越来越少。

F) (55)对善于交际的人来说,待在自己的家里就可以结交新朋友是共享经济的一个魅力所在。把每个房屋出租者当作谋杀犯的性格個强的人仍能住在传统的旅馆里。对于其他人来说,网络可以增进信任。由于软件平台的管理方对交易方的背景进行核实,交易方通常都要对每笔交易进行在线打分和评级,这使得人们容易识别出懒惰的司机、偷浴衣的小偷以及把冲浪板弄坏的人。通过使用Facebook和其他社交网络,参与者可以相互进行身份验证,鉴别出谁是朋友(或者朋友的朋友）。一位Airbnb用户的公寓在2011年被破坏了。但是,值得注意的是,这个系统通常运转良好。

关注共享经济的未来

G) (53)共享经济有点像15年前始于美国的网上购物。开始的时候,人们对它的安全性有所担心。但是,在经历了一次成功购物后，比如说在亚马逊网站，人们对在其他网站进行购物就

感到放心了。同样,有了第一次使用Airbnb或者某项租车服务的经验就会鼓励人们去尝试其他服务。其次,看一看eBay。开始的时候,eBay只是一个对等市场,而如今的eBay已被专业的"强力卖家"所主导(其中许多人创业时只是eBay的普通卖家）。(53)同样的情况也可能发生在共享经济上,这也能给企业提供新的机遇。比如说,有些人之所以买车就是为了把车租出去赚钱。

H) 现有的租赁企业也正在涉足这一行业。租车公司Avis入股了其共享经济对手,通用汽车和戴姆勒这两个汽车制造商也这样做。未来,公司可能发展成溜合模式,只要是用不着或者是难以物尽其用的商品(不管是交通工具、各种装备还是办公空间)都可以放到对等租赁网站上。过去,在线交易的新方式没有完全取代传统模式。但前者经常改变后者。就像在线购物迫使沃尔玛和乐购做出调整那样，(51)网络共享将改变交通、旅游、装备出租和更多的行业。

I) (48)人们主要的担心在于监管的不确定性。例如:房屋出租者也要缴纳旅馆税吗？在荷兰，阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追踪没有菅业执照的旅馆。在美国的一些城市，由于传统的出租车公司的游说,一些城市已经取消了对等租车服务。共享经济面临的危险在于,尽管有些法规需要更新才能保护消费者免受伤害,现有租赁企业会尽其所能破坏竞争。把房子租给别人的房屋出租者当然应该纳税,但是当局不能把这些人当作丽思卡尔顿酒店一样来监管。通常用来监管连锁家庭旅店的那些相对较轻的监管措施更适用。

J)共享经济是互联网对于消费者的价值的最新例证。(50)对于监管者和传统企业来说,这种新兴的模式的冲击力之大足以令他们惊醒。这是其巨大潜力的一个信号。是时候开始重视共享经济了。

答案详解

46. 【定位】由cars和environment定位到E)段最后—句。

E) 【精析】细节辨认题。定位段详细阐释了共享经济"协作消费"的三大优势:一是物尽其用并可以赚取费用;二是承租费用降低;三是有益于环境。在谈到第三大优势时,作者以租赁汽车为例来说明租赁能够减少汽车的需求量,制造汽车的资源需求也会相应降低,从而有利于环保。由此可知,共享汽车有益于环保。题干是对第三大优势的概括,故答案为E)。

47. 【定位】由题干中的Airbnb, huge和sharing economy定位到A)段最后三句。

A) 【精析】细节推断题。A)段以Airbnb为例，通过列举数字来说明共享经济已初见成效。定位句中的4 million, 2.5 million 等数字表明,Airbnb 在开展业务的短短几年的时间里,它的共享经济模式已经取得了巨大成功，随后类推这种经济模式很受欢迎,有巨大潜力。题千是对定位句的推断总结,故答案为A)。

48. 【定位】由题干中的major concern和regulates定位到I)段第一句。

I)【精析】同义转述题。定位段主要讲述了人们对于政府如何监管共享经济心存担优，并举例说明，如阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追踪没有营业执照的旅馆,美国一些城市也因传统出租车公司的游说取消了对等租车服务。这些例子都表明共享经济的发

展受到传统势力的阻烧，政府如何处理两者的关系成为共享经济能否发展的重要因素。题干中的major concern和how the government regulates it 是对原文中main worry和regulatory uncertainty的同义转述,故答案为I)。

49. 【定位】由题干中的expensive to buy和not fully used定位到C)段第三句。

C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段意在说明共享经济的交易模式和交易物品。作者认为,共享经济模式尤其适用于那些价格昂贵而又无法物尽其用的物品,房子和汽车就是明显的例子。题干中的most frequently shared items 和not fully used 是对原文中The models works for items 和do not make full use of them 的同义转述,expensive to buy 则与原文直接对应，故答案为C)。

50. 【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和promising future定位到J)段第二、三句。

J)【精析】细节辨认题。J)段意在说明共享经济崛起的事实。这种正在崛起的模式冲击力之大足以令监管者和传统企业清醒,这表明共享经济模式有巨大的潜力，前景广阔。题千中的promising future对应原文中的immense potential,故答案为J)。

51. 【定位】由题干中的Online sharing和transportation, travel, rentals定位到H)段末句。

H)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段主要讲述了两方面内容:一是传统租赁行业也涉足于共享经济;二是共享经济模式影响了传统的经菅模式。在讲述第二方面的内容时,作者做了一个推论:大前提是网络共享改变了传统的经菅模式,小前提是网上购物改变了沃尔妈和乐购的经营方式,结论是网络共享必定会改变一些行业传统的经营模式。题干中的change 和transportation, travel, rentals 是对原文中shake up 和transport, tourism, equipment- hire的同义转述,故答案为H)。

52. 【定位】由题〒中的Airbnb, website和online定位到A)段第一至四句。

A) 【精析】细节归纳题。定位段以Airbnb为例说明共享经济已初现端愧并列举数字佐证,数以万计的房客和房主通过Airbnb网络平台联系在一起，从挑选房屋到支付一切费用都是在线完成。简而言之,Airbnb是一个联系房主和房客的网络平台。题干中的complete transactions online 是原文中的They chose their rooms and paid for everything online的同义转述,故答案为A)。

53. 【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和online shopping定位到G)段第一句。

G) 【精析】细节推断题。定位段开始指出共享经济有点像网上购物,然后作者进一步说明两者的相似之处:一是用户从担心到信任这种过程;二是这种模式为商家提供机遇。作者由此推断,共享经济同样也会经历类似的过程.故答案为G)。

54. 【定位】由题干中的earn money和items not made full use of定位到E)段第二句。

E) 【精析】同义转述题。定位处从出租者、承租者和环保三个方面说明"协作消费"的优势。

对于出租者来说,他们可以物尽其用并有所收人,作者引用了Airbnb和'RelayRides两家网络平台的数据来说明"协作消费"对出.租者的优势。题干中的items not made full use of 是对原文中underused assets的同义转述,故答案为E)。

55. 【定位】由题干中的the sociable和meet new people定位到F)段第一句。

F) 【精析】同义转述题。定位段提到两种人:一种人喜欢社交，正因如此，共享经济深深地吸引了他们;另一种人脾气個强,不信任他人,这种人不赞同共享经济。题干中的appeals to, the sociable 和meet new people 是对原文中charm, sociable souls, meeting new people的同义转述，故答案为F)。

Section C

Directions ：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

A recent global survey of 2 000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的）about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. "Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.

Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.

It may seem that these elderly peo ple are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida，" he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.

"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement，" says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a

brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似）to being cast aside. What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution."

Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的）chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”？

A) They are passionate about making a fortune.

B) They have no choice but to continue working.

C) They love what they do and choose not to retire.

D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.

57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?

A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement.

B) Neither of them desires reward for their work.

C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition.

D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads.

58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?

A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.

B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.

C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.

D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.

59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?

A) It means a burden to the younger generation.

B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.

C) It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.

D) It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.

60. What do critics say about "nevertirees"?

A) They are an obstacle to a company’s development.

B) They lack the creativity of the younger generation.

C) They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.

D) They prevent young people from getting ahead.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt* the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt-and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.

More than 20% overspent their income by more than $ 100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.

Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $ 20 drinks in trendy (时尚的）lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.

To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.

A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial

problems in the future’" warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis am ong elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards."

Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life* which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks,"

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.

B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.

C) Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.

D) The American credit card system is under criticism.

62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?

A) They tend to forget about the deadlines.

B) They haven't developed a credit history.

C) They are often unable to pay back in time.

D) They are inexperienced in managing money.

63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?

A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society.

B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.

C) It will exert psychological pressure on them.

D) It will affect their future spending power.

64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?

A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.

B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.

C) Their quality of life will be affected.

D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.

65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?

A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.

B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.

C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.

D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.

Section C

Passage One

参考译文

最近一项由2 000位高净值客户参与的全球范围的调查发现,60%的人并未打算正常退休。参与此项调查的美国人中,75%的人希望从全职工作退休之后能尽其所能继续工作。(56)"这些人当中有很多是通过去做自己感兴趣的事情来获取财富的,"美洲巴克莱财富行为财务主管Daniel Egan说如果能自由选择,他们更愿意继续工作下去。"巴克莱把这些人称为"永不退休者"。

与很多根据公司规定不得不提前退休的美国人不同，对"永不退休者"来说,没人能强迫他们退休。(57)现在106岁的投资家Irving Kahn是家族企业的老总,如果他想坚持每天到公司上班,谁会阻止他呢？《美国宪法》保证现年78岁高龄的最高法院法官Ruth Bader Ginsburg的工作安全。

这些老年人似乎是正在尝试逃避死亡。事实确实如此,并且这也的确起到了一定的作用。(58)加州大学河滨分校的教授Howard Friedman的研究表明,工作最努力和事业上有所成就的人通常活得最长。"人们通常被建议要慢下来,放轻松,不要着急,然后退休去佛罗里达,这种建议其实不好，"他说。他还描述了一位受调查者.尽管100岁的高龄但仍然坚持工作,最近看到自己的儿子退休感觉很失望。

牛津人口老龄化研究所主任George Leeson说我们发现人们对待退休的态度开始发生变化。"

(59)过去,人们曾认为退休是他们在某个令人痛苦的工作岗位上长期奋斗后的即时奖励,而现

在人们认为退休与被遗弃类似。随着人们开始意识到"退休不仅仅是简单地与经济生产力相联系,而且也关乎贡献Leeson提出的-沃伦?巴菲特效应"也越来越流行。

(60)关于这是否完全是一件好事情,评论家们各持己见。一方面,企业和金融公司可以受益于坚韧的领导人的智慧。另一方面,下一代人要想进一步发展会更加困难, 但是这一点对于一个"永不退休者"来说影响不大。

答案详解

56. 【定位】由题干中的so-called "nevertirees" 定位到第一段第三至五句。

C)【精析】细节椎断题。由定位句可知，有些人是通过做自己感兴趣的事情来获取财富的，如果能自由选择,他们更愿意继续工作下去。巴克莱把这些人称为"永不退休者"。由此可见，永不退休者喜欢他们的工作.选择不退休,故答案为C)。

57. 【定位】由题干中的Irving Kahn和Ruth Bader Ginsburg定位到第二段第二、三句。

A) 【精析】细节推断题。第二段首句提到，没有人能强迫"永不退休者"退休,接着定位句指出，没有人会阻止Irving Kahn去上班,《美国宪法》保证法官Ruth Bader Ginsburg的工作安全。换言之，他们的共同点就是没有人强迫他们退休,故答案为A)。

58. 【定位】由题干中的Howard Friedman's research 定位到第三段第四至六句。

D)【精析】细节推断题。由定位句可知，Howard Friedman的研究发现,工作最努力和事业上有所成就的人通常活得最长。也就是说,老年人工作能够延长寿命,故答案为D)。

59. 【定位】由题干中的traditional view of retirement 定位到第四段第二句。

C) 【精析】事实细节题。由定位句可知,过去人们曾认为退休是他们在某个令人痛苦的工作岗位上长期奋斗后的即时奖励。由此可见,传统的观点认为退休是对人们长时间努力工作的一种补偿,故答案为C)。

60. 【定位】由题干中的critics定位到最后一段。

D) 【精析】观点态度题。定位段指出，下一代人要想进一谈发展会更加困难,但是这一点对于一个"永不退休者"来说影响不大。由此可见,评论家们认为"永不退休者"阻碍了下一代人的发展，故答案为D)。

参考译文

(61)当我们谈论那些刚剛步入成年而义负债累累的美同人的时候,我们的谈话内容几乎全部是学生的贷款。但是,越来越多的证据显示,今天的年轻人也陷人了信用卡债务的泥潭之中很多人将会把这个债务直接带进坟墓。

超过20%的人每个月会超支100多美元。(62)因为他们还没有建立起信用记录,但可以肯定的是, 这些年轻人在为产生的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。

尽管很多年轻人责备"社交"是阻碍他们存钱的一个因素,但是他们大多数人并没有在时尚的酒吧豪饮20美元的酒，而是在与更多的日常开支作斗争。

(63) 令人不安的是，年轻人和身无分文的人在很大程度上都依赖信用来维持生计，直到下次发工资。从长远看,这样的做法很明显不会长久,会严重影响他们的购买力，即使是赚钱最多的时候,因为他们仍然在为早在十年前买的那瓶澄汁或那盒意大利面条支付利息。

(64) 俄亥俄州立大学的一项新研究发现,与其他的年龄群体相比,年轻人积累信用卡债务的速度要更快,而他们的偿还能力比较弱。俄亥俄州立大学的经济学教授Luda Dunn警告说如果我们的发现仍然被证明是正确的话,我们将来可能会有更多的老人面临巨大的财务问题,那些不能偿还信用卡的老年人可能会面临财务危机。"

(65) Dunn说,这些年轻人中的许多人永远也无法从信用卡债务中走出来。"很多人从信用卡里大量地借钱,但按照他们的偿还能力，到死也不足以偿还信用卡债务，这将潜在地导致信用卡签发银行的损失"。

答案详解

61. 【定位】由题干中的the first paragraph定位到第一段。

A) 【精析】主旨大意题。定位段通过学生贷款引出年轻人的信用卡债务。最后一句“今天的年轻人也陷入了信用卡债务的泥潭之中……很多人将会把这个债务直接带进坟墓。”点明了文章主题。由此可见,很多年轻人永远都偿还不完他们的债务，故答案为A)。

62. 【定位】由题干中的pay a higher interest定位到第二段第二句。

B) 【精析】事实细节题。定位句明确指出因为年轻人还没有建立起信用记录,但可以肯定的是这些年轻人在为产生的信用卡债务支付相对较高的利息。"故答案为B)。

63. 【定位】由题干中的relying on credit cards定位到第四段。

D)【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出年轻和身无分文的人在很大程度上都依赖信用卡维持生计,直到下次发工资。从长远看,这样做法很明显不会长久,会严重影响他们的购买力。"由此可见,年轻人依靠信用卡维持生计将影响他们将来的购买力，故答案为D)。

64. 【定位】由题干中的Lucia Dunn和accumulating 定位到倒数第二段。

B)【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出与其他的年龄群体相比，年轻人积累信用卡债务的速度要更快……如果我们的发现仍然被证明是正确的话,我们将来可能会有更多的老人面临巨大的财务问题,那些不能偿还信用卡债务的老年人可能会面临财务危机。"由此可见，如果年轻人的信用卡债务持续积累，等他们年老的时候可能会遭遇财务危机,故答案为B)。

65. 【定位】由题干中的credit card issuing banks定位到最后一段。

C) 【精析】事实细节题。定位段明确指出"很多人从信用卡中大量地借钱,但按照他们的偿还能力，到死也不足以偿还信用卡债务,这将潜在地导致信用卡签发银行的损失。"由此可见,Dunn认为客户到死也没偿清债务可能会对信用卡签发银行构成风险，故答案为C)。

大学英语四级阅读选词填空模拟题答案解析

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