非谓语动词在句中作定语

非谓语动词在句中作定语

在英语句子中，不定式to do，分词v+ing 和v+ed是非谓语动词，除

不能作谓语外，其他成份都可担当，其中一个成份就是作定语。

不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例：

I have something to say. (to say something )

I’ll give you a magazine to read.

That is a good company to work for.

He is a pleasant fellow to work with.

Would you bring me a bench to sit on?

有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effo

rt ,right (权利), movement等，例：

You haven’t any reason to leave me.

You have no right to do such a thing.

He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.

He put himself out of the way to help others.

We have no time to lose..

Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.

The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例：

He is always the first to come.

She would be the last to agree to our plan.

You are the second to ask me that question.

I’ll do my poor best to fix it up.

当to go ,to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例：

He had five minutes to go before time was up.

They had only 100 dollars to spare.

不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句，表示动作即将

发生。例：

There are many difficulties to overcome.

= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.

He has a large family to support.

= He has a large family that he must support.

现在分词与过去分词作定语

现在分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语，但在语态和时间概念上有区别，在语态上，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作完成。例：

boiling water (主动、进行)

boiled water (被动、完成)

有时过去分词则表示被动，不表示完成的动作，有时则表示动作的完成，不表示被动的动作。例：

the fallen leaves (动作已完成)

developed countries (动作已完成)

an interested party (被动)

单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例：

China is a developing country.

He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.

America is a developed country.

有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如一些不定代词anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等则

应后置。例：

the experience gained (获得的经验)

for the time being (暂时)

for years running ( 一连数年)

She found the window open and something stolen.

There is nothing doing.

There is nothing interesting in today’s paper.

They can see everything happening on the line.

Is there anything interesting in the book?

分词短语置于被修饰词之后

The pen lying on the table belongs to you.

The boy making faces is my son.

I like songs performed by Mao Aming.

其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为：The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.

The boy who is making faces is my son.

I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.

现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动作或状态。例：

Can you see the star moving in the sky?

There is a piano standing in the corner.

如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。例：

I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)

Break 的动作是先发生

上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：….who broke the windo w.

Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)

Do you know anyone who lost money. (V)

因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替，即：定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例：

Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster?

The hospital which stands /standing across the street was set up last year.

(stands 表示一个经常性的状态)

过去分词在时间上，表示的动作发生在谓语动词之间，表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性动作；或表示一个正在进行的动作，用being +过去分词结构。例：

Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James?

He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his st udents.

The matter being discussed ( which is being discussed ) is of great importance.

He was invited to a meeting to be held ( which was to be held ) t he next day.

动名词作定语

动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。例；

a writing table = a table for writing (动名词)

a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （现在分词）

a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （动名词）

a waiting room = a room for waiting （动名词）

drinking water = water for drinking （动名词）

No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. （动名词）

That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （动名词）

The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （现在分词）

All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water. (现在分词) 从上述看，单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系，只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。

动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例：

He is in the habit of rising early.

( of rising 修饰名词habit )

She has a good idea of playing snowball.

( of playing 修饰名词idea )

有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词＋动名词”在意义上没有区别。例：

That is the way of setting the problem.

That is the way to settle the problem.

这类名词常用的有：

time for doing sth. Reason of doing sth.

Time to do sth. Reason to do sth.

Freedom in doing sth. Chance of doing sth.

Freedom to do sth. Chance to do sth.

Failure in doing sth. Patience in doing sth

Failure to do sth. Patience to do sth.

Choice of doing sth. Opportunity of doing sth.

Choice to do sth. Opportunity to do sth.

但有些名词和purpose ,method ,idea ,habit 等后面只能接of + 动名

词，不接不定式，有些名词如promise ,effort ,desire ,attempt ,ability ,

refusal ,determination ,failure 不接of + 动名词，但可以接不定式。例：It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the e vening. (不用……method to pass)

The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast. (不用……habit to do )

Ｉdon’t trust his promise to come for a visit. （不用……promise o f coming ）

She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Bursley . （不用……refusal of spending）

But his efforts to get her back were vain. (不用……efforts of gettin g)

[示例]

考题1---What do you think of the middle school?

---It is a very good ___.

A. school to study

B. School to study in

C. Studying school

D. school for children to study

解析从本题的答案看并结合提干的要求接上一个名词school，后在这个名词后面使用不定式作该名词的定语，从答案中看给的不定式to study，在此是作不及物动词，因此不定式的后面应加上一个介词in才合乎题意，所以选Ｂ。

考题２Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _

__ to the front.

A. to lead

B. Led

C. Leading

D. being led

解析据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选Ｃ。

考题３They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers.’

A. operating ;wounded

B. Operated ;wounding

C. operated ;/wounded

D. operating ;wounding

解析据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table，说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选Ａ。

［训练］

The cadre told me that he had a meeting ____.

A. to attend

B. Attend

C. Attending

D. to be attended

He asked for a piece of paper ____ and a pen _____.

to write ;to write B. To write ;to write on C. To write on ;to writ e with D. writing ;writing

Are you going to the dinner party ____ at the hotel.

A. to give

B. To be given

C. Giving

D. to giving

The man drinking ____ water was scalded (烫伤) by ___ water yest erday.

A. boiled ; boiled

B. Boiling ;boiling

C. Boiled ;boiling

D. boili ng ;boiled

Holding a ____ stick he went into the dark cave.

A. burn

B. Burnt

C. To burn

D. burning

非谓语动词作定语

二、非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式； doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool. 2、作现在分词讲时，所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓（主动）关系，有时还表进行。如； falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country, the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China. done(过去分词)表示被动（与所修饰的词是动宾关系）或完成。如；fallen leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected from the whole country. being done 现在分词的被动结构，表是正在被……只做后置定语，即放在所修饰名词之后。如；the bridge being built, the meeting being held. to do （to be done）动词不定式做定语常表示将来，有主动与被动两种形式。 1、所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系（也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词 是一种动宾关系，即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象，）这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done. 1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term. 2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓（主动）关系，这些词前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。 1、the next train to arrive is from Washington. 2、The last one to arrive pays the meal. 3、与所修饰的词一种同位关系，这些词通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。 1、The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2、That’s the way to do it. 注意：1、非谓语动词做定语的时，有时可以与定语从句进行转换。

非谓语动词作定语专练(各地高考真题)

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高考英语之非谓语动词作定语 ——定语定义：修饰、限定名词或代词特征和品质的词，词组和句子。分为前置定语和后置定语。 例如： 常见定语形式： ——前置定语 a good girl 一个好女孩，（形容词作定语） women teachers 女教师，（名词作定语） a waiting room 候车室（动名词作定语） the interesting book, 那本有趣的书，（现在分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶（过去分词作定语） ——后置定语 the boy with short hair, 留短发的那个男孩，（介词短语作定语） weekends available, 空闲的周末（形容词作定语） the man mending a car,修汽车的那个男人，（现在分词作定语） the bike fixed by workers, 工人修好的那辆自行车（过去分词作定语） the train to arrive soon.即将到达的火车（to do 作定语） a bottle full of water 装满水的瓶子（形容词短语作定语） something new 新的东西(形容词作定语) （一）非谓语动词作名词或代词前置定语： 1.doing 作前置定语： （1）当doing 为动名词时，相当于名词使用。表所修饰词的用途。 例如：a swimming pool 游泳池 a walking player 随身听 a waiting room 候车室 （2）当doing为现在分词时，相当于形容词使用。与所修饰词之间为主动关系，也可表进行。

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非谓语动词作定语语法讲义 一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语： 1.看横线所在的位置 具体方法如下： 如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 二．作定语时的逻辑主语： 作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。 如：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语： 1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成 如： 1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal. — Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四．作定语的具体用法： 1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done （务必牢记）. 注：having done 绝对不能作定语。 原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。如： The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语) The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home 五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：

非谓语动词做定语

非谓语动词做定语 1.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 2.I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 3.After she completes the project, she’ll have ________. A. nothing to worry about B. nothing to worry C. nothing to be worried about D. nothing worrying about 4.His first book ______ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 5.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 7.They built a house _____. A. of the things to put in B. of the things to be put in C. for the things to put in D. for the things to be put in 8.That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 9.There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating 10.We are invited to a party ______in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 11.The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 12.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 13.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing 14.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 15.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 16.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 17.The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game . A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 18.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 19.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. A．said B．says C．saying D．to say 20.The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 21.The club, ______ 25ywears ago, is holding a party for and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded 22.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started 23.Look over there —there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 24.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 25.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 26.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 27.W e’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 28.After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 29.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 30.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered 31.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 32. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ ? A. taking B. take C. taken D .to take 33.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 34. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 35. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 36. Do you know the name of the play ______ in the hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on

非谓语动词作定语和状语

一．非谓语动词 ※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： 【知识点拨】 1．不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. ②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. 例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) ③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things) 2．-ing分词作定语 ①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。 例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. ②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。 例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? 3．-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作, -ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。 例如：a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 【知识过关】 1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow? A. to be held B. being held C. will be held D. held ※、不定式作定语 不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形： ⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：

(word完整版)高中语法非谓语动词专项练习

非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing