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Going to Production with the bq2750x

Going to Production with the bq2750x
Going to Production with the bq2750x

Application Report

SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010

Going to Production with the bq2750x David Maxwell

ABSTRACT

This application report presents a strategy for high-speed and economical calibration and production programming of the bq27500/1single-cell,gas gauge chipset.Flowchart examples are provided,along with step-by-step instructions for preparing a calibration data set that is required when creating the Golden Data Flash Image(DFI)that is programmed into all bq27500/1devices at the original equipment manufacturer(OEM)production line.

This is applicable to all system side single cell gas gauge devices

Contents

1Introduction (1)

2Determining Data Flash Constants (1)

3STEP1:Characterize the Calibration Process (3)

4STEP2:Using bqEASY for Production Preparation (4)

5STEP3:Data Flash Review (7)

6STEP4:Writing the DFI at Production (8)

List of Figures

1DFI Creation Flow (2)

2bq27500EVSW Calibration Data Flash Screen (3)

3bq27500EVSW Calibration Screen (4)

4bqEASY (5)

5Load Connection for Automated Discharge (6)

6bqEASY Process Flowchart (7)

7bq2750x Production Flow (8)

8Instruction Flash First Two Row Record and Erase Flow (9)

9DFI Write Flow (10)

10Instruction Flash First Two Row Reprogram Flow (11)

1Introduction

The bq27500/1gas gauge is built with new technology and a new architecture for both data flash access and calibration.With this new architecture,unit production cost and capital equipment investment can be minimized,as there is no longer a need to perform a learning cycle on each pack.A single golden data flash image file(DFI)can be used to program each bq27500/1in production.Also,the calibration method is quick and simple because most of the calibration routines are built into the firmware of the target device or can be based on average values.

2Determining Data Flash Constants

To configure the bq27500/1for a given application,the data flash set must be programmed depending on the cell,application system,and charger.The application report entitled Configuring the bq27500Data Flash(SLUA432)gives a detailed description of all the data flash constants that the user can modify.All bq27500/1integrated circuits(IC)for an application must contain the same data flash values.

Impedance Track is a trademark of Texas Instruments.

1 SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

Determining Data Flash Constants https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, The golden data flash image(DFI)is a file that contains all flash values and is used at the system

application production line to program the bq27500/1.The DFI is programmed using I2C communication with the bq27500/1.Creating the DFI can be summarized with the process depicted in.

Figure1.DFI Creation Flow

2Going to Production with the bq2750x SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, STEP1:Characterize the Calibration Process 3STEP1:Characterize the Calibration Process

Devices of bq27500/1single-cell gas gauges can be quickly and easily calibrated.With the Impedance Track?devices,most calibration routines have been incorporated into firmware algorithms,which can be initiated with I2C commands.The hardware necessary for calibration is also simple.One current source, one voltage source,and one temperature sensor are all that is required.The stability of the sources is

important,not so much the accuracy.However,accurately calibrated reference measurement equipment should be used for determining the actual arguments to the function.For periodic voltage measurement,a digital voltmeter with better than a1-mV accuracy is required.

The recommended strategy for bq27500/1calibration is to perform the calibration using20to30final

application systems containing the bq27500/1IC.All the calibration flash values are to be recorded and averaged among the20to30samples taken.The average values are the ones to be used when creating the DFI file needed for production.At time of calibration,access is required to the I2C pins,both ends of the sense resistor,and battery power.The calibration consists of performing coulomb counter offset,

current gain,and temperature offset.The Evaluation Software(EVSW)is used to perform all calibration.

By using the EVSW,it allows verification of the affected data flash values due to calibration(see Figure2).

Figure2.bq27500EVSW Calibration Data Flash Screen

Perform the following calibration tests on each of the system samples:

CC Offset Calibration—Select the CC Offset Calibration checkbox.Then,click on the Calibrate Part as indicated below button(Figure3),and wait for the EVSW to indicate that the calibration is

completed.Read back the updated CC Offset data flash value by going to the Data Flash screen in

EVSW and selecting the Calibration tab.Press the Read All button so that all the data is refreshed on

the screen.

Temperature Calibration—Select the Temperature Calibration checkbox.Write the actual

temperature to which the thermistor is exposed,obtained by the reference equipment measurement.

Click on the Calibrate Part as indicated below button,and wait for the EVSW to indicate that the

calibration is completed.Read back,and record the Ext Temp Offset value from the Data Flash

screen.

3 SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

Pack Current Calibration—Select the Pack Current Calibration checkbox;apply a current to flow

through sense resistor;and write the actual current measured by meter.Click on the Calibrate Part as

indicated below button,and wait for the EVSW to indicate that the calibration is completed.Note that a negative sign indicates current in the discharge direction.Read back,and record the updated CC Gain and CC Delta data flash values by going to Data Flash screen in EVSW and selecting the Calibration

tab.Press Read All button so that all the data is refreshed on the screen.

The voltage and board offset calibration are not required unless there was poor layout that would add any offsets to voltage or current measurements.The EVSW does provide the means of calibrating these

parameters.To perform board offset,it is expected that no loads are applied during calibration.

Figure3.bq27500EVSW Calibration Screen

The average Ext Temp Offset,CC Gain,and CC Delta values are entered into the DFI file in Step2.

4STEP2:Using bqEASY for Production Preparation

The bqEASY(see Figure4)is a tool embedded within the EVSW that provides detailed instructions and automates processes that on completion creates the DFI that is used at production to program all

bq27500/1for a given application.

4Going to Production with the bq2750x SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010

Figure4.bqEASY

The data flash of the bq27500/1is configured based on a questions and answers session within the

Configure section of bqEASY.The questions involve topics specific to the battery pack,the charger,and the system application.

At the Calibrate session of bqEASY,it is expected that the user navigates to the Data Flash section of the EVSW and enters the average calibrations obtained from the process described in the Characterize the Calibration Process section of this document.

The Chemistry session in bqEASY is a valuable tool that allows the user to select the chemistry of their battery pack from a database.If the user does not know the chemistry of its battery pack,then the

bqEASY gives instructions on testing the battery for determining the chemistry.The discharge during the test is automated.For automated discharge,a setup as described in Figure5is required.The load must be selected so that it has a C/5rate when turned on.During automated discharge,the EV2300board

controls when to enable and disable the discharge,allowing the necessary relaxation periods for OCV

measurements.Once the chemistry is determined,the data flash of bq27500/1is updated so that it

contains the proper OCV data that is characteristic of the selected chemistry.Having proper chemistry data is integral for the Impedance Track?algorithm performing accurately.

5

SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

Figure5.Load Connection for Automated Discharge

The final session of the bqEASY is for running a learning cycle so that Qmax and the impedance tables are updated.The bqEASY provides step-by-step instructions on how to perform the learning cycle.By

having learned Qmax and the impedance values,the DFI can be created so that when used to program bq27500ICs in production,a learning cycle is unnecessary before a device can perform accurate battery fuel gauging as of the first cycle in the system.

6Going to Production with the bq2750x SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, STEP3:Data Flash Review

Figure6.bqEASY Process Flowchart

5STEP3:Data Flash Review

While following the actual steps of bqEASY,the tool prompts the user to review the data flash constants for advanced configurations that might not have been addressed by bqEASY.The application report

Configuring the bq27500Data Flash(SLUA432)defines all the bq27500/1data flash constants.Refer to this document when reviewing the data flash configuration against the application needs.

To modify the data flash constants,proceed to the Data Flash screen of the evaluation software and

search for the desired data flash value to be modified,and change accordingly.

7 SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

STEP4:Writing the DFI at Production https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, 6STEP4:Writing the DFI at Production

System designers must ensure that there is access to the I2C lines of the bq27500and battery power

access at the time of writing the DFI in production.It is expected that the OEMs add the Write DFI step within their final complete system test that verifies the product to be functional for release to market.The flowchart in Figure8shows the steps that must be followed to write the DFI created with bqEASY.System test developers can use the flowchart to call I2C commands with their test setup and program all the flash of the bq27500embedded in the application system.

The last step of the bq27500configuration at production is to give the RESET(0x0041),IT ENABLE

(0x0021),and SEALED(0x0020)commands.These commands are given by writing the corresponding two-byte data value into the CONTROL register(command0x00/0x01)using I2C.

Figure7.bq2750x Production Flow

8Going to Production with the bq2750x SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, STEP4:Writing the DFI at Production

Figure8.Instruction Flash First Two Row Record and Erase Flow

9 SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

0x64and 0x65

(0x0400)32bytes per Checksum consists of

adding 0x0A,the

corresponding row and the

bytes of data to be

programmed in row.The

checksum is only two bytes

0x66does not 0x00then there is figure10for the first two of IF back

STEP 4:Writing the DFI at Production https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html,

Figure 9.DFI Write Flow

10Going to Production with the bq2750x SLUA449D–December 2008–Revised June 2010

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html, STEP4:Writing the DFI at Production

Figure10.Instruction Flash First Two Row Reprogram Flow

11 SLUA449D–December2008–Revised June2010Going to Production with the bq2750x

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现在进行时的结构 用法及习题

基本 初中英语语法现在进行时基本结构 现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。 例句: They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。 I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。 Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。 They’re having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。 You’re al ways interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满) She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬) 特殊 初中英语语法现在进行时用法之表将来 现在进行时表将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作: I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。 They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。 现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来,区别是:用现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图;而一般现在时表示将来,则其客观性较强,即通常被视为客观事实,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况: I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。 What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开? 习题 初中英语语法现在进行时练习题 一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play______run__________swim________make_______g o________like________write________ ski_______read________have_______sing_______ dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come ________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________

初中语文知识点框架

初中语文知识点框架一、语言基础知识运用 (一)成语错误使用 1.望文生义 2.用错对象 3.褒贬颠倒 4.修饰失当 5.不合习惯 6.敬谦错位 7.理解片面 8.形近混淆 9.轻重适当 10.功能混乱 (二)病句修改 1.语序不当 ①多层定语排序不当 ②多层状语排序不当 ③定语、状语混淆 ④虚词位置不当 ⑤主客颠倒 ⑥词语或分句逻辑顺序不当 2.搭配不当 ①主谓搭配不当 ②动宾搭配不当 ③主宾搭配不当 ④修饰词与中心语搭配不当 ⑤介词与宾语搭配不当 ⑥关联词搭配不当 ⑦一面与两面搭配不当 3.成分残缺或赘余 1)成分残缺 ①主语残缺 ②谓语残缺 ③宾语残缺 ④必要附加成分残缺 ⑤介词残缺 ⑥关联词残缺 2)成分赘余 4.结构混乱 ①句式杂糅 ②暗换主语 5.表意不明 ①有歧义 ②指代不明

6.不合逻辑 ①自相矛盾 ②分类不当 ③不合事理 ④否定不当 ⑤滥用数词 (三)句子排序 1.排除法 确定首尾句,排除错误选项 2.对应法 与原文的句子进行一一对应 3.方位法 依照事物的观察方为顺序,例如:正面——侧面——背面 4.语感法 依照上文语境进行选择 5.逻辑顺序法 依照事物的逻辑顺序进行排序,例如:由浅入深,由现象到本质 6.顺藤摸瓜法 依照句子之间有相互连接对应的词语进行排序 (四)信息提炼 1.了解新闻知识,筛选新闻信息 新闻从狭义上讲就是消息。一句话新闻就是狭义的新闻。一句话新闻一般包含这样几个要素:何时、何地、何人、何事、何故。其中“何时”“何人(何单位)”和“何事”是最基本、最重要的。 2.把握材料中心,概括新闻信息 一句话新闻材料有的提供导语和主体。导语部分中已讲了主要的新闻事实。 3.理解新闻内容,注意句式特点 有的新闻类考题考句子的仿写,答题时,既需理解新闻内容,又要注意句式特点。4.领会新闻内涵,注意概括分寸 概括事实不能过于笼统,要领会新闻的真正内涵,注意概括分寸。 5.拓宽知识领域,捕捉时代信息 二、古诗文阅读 (一)诗歌的内容与情感理解 1.抓诗眼、抓意象、明意境 ①诗眼诗歌是语言的艺术,古人写诗特别讲究“炼字”。一句诗或一首诗中最传神的一个字、一个词,一般是动词、形容词。 ②意象诗作中作者所写之景、所示之物,这客观的“象”与作者借景抒情的“情”、咏物所言的“志”的完美结合。 ③意境是文艺作品中和谐、广阔的自然和生活图景,渗透着作者含蓄、丰富的情思而形成的能诱发读者想象和思索的艺术境界。诗歌意境(情景)关系往往比较多的是寓情于景、触景生情、情景交融 2.掌握古诗词基本知识 ①诗歌分为古体诗(又称“古风”)、今体诗(又称“格律诗”)。

be going to的用法

一、be going to 的用法点拨 be going to 是一种固定结构,它后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有"准备;打算"的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如: We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排) Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测) 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形,它一般有三种形式,即:am , is , are 。当主语是I 时用am ;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。例如: I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法 由于句子中有助动词be,因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易,即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为"Are you ....?"。例如: They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句) They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句) -Are they going to see the car factory next week? -Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑问句及其回答) 四、使用be going to 应注意的两点 1. There be 句型的be going to 结构为:There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如: There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 2. come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如: Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。

英语现在进行时

现在进行时 1.定义:表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。 2.基本结构:be动词(am ,is ,are) +动词的现在分词(动词-ing) 3.时间状语:Look ! / Listen ! now 以及具体情境。 4.现在分词变化规则: 一般情况下直接+ ing speak---speaking 以不发音的e结尾的去e + ing take-taking have-having 重读辅元辅双写末字母+ ing get-getting run-running ie结尾的ie变y + ing 5.句型转换:肯定句:I am swimming 否定句:I am not swimming . 一般疑问句:Are you swimming ? Yes ,I am ./ No ,I am not 特殊疑问句:What are you doing ? 一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式 stay __________ swim _________ listen __________ do __________ play __________ travel _________ die _________ work ________ spend _________ look _________ make __________ put __________ sit __________ run __________ take _________ give _________ ride _________ win _________ begin _________ open _________ lie _________ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now. 2.Listen! Someone is _______ (play) the piano in the next room. 3.He is __________ (clean) the room now. 4.Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table.

(完整版)初中语文知识框架(详细)(20201017212857)

初中语文框架 1?字音(汉语拼音方案、拼音的大写、连写和分写,语音的重音、停顿和语速、语音的音变) 2. 汉字(汉字的特点、构造单位、书写顺序、 汉字的构造方式、其他相关知识、初中生易错字) 3. 词语(语素和词、词义、词的色彩、词类、词语的运用、短语的类型、词汇) 4. 句子(句子的概念和成分、单句的种类、复句、修改病句、句子的变换与句子的选用) 5. 标点符号(标点符号的概念、种类和用法、标点符号的位置及作用) 第一部分基础知识积累 6. 修辞(修辞的含义、修辞与语音、词汇、语法的关系、常见的修辞方法、修辞格中常见的语病、句子仿写、对联) 7. 文体及文学常识(文体知识、文学体裁知识) 8. 文化常识(姓名与称谓、古代官职、科举制度、风俗礼仪、中国文化之最、中国古典十大悲剧和十大喜剧) 9. 名著导读(《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《鲁滨逊漂流记》《朝花夕拾》《繁星*春水》《三国演义》《红楼梦》《名人传》《骆驼祥 子》 《伊索寓言》《童年》《爱的教育》《昆虫记》《海底两万里》《泰戈尔的诗》) 10. 名句名段(注重积累及积累的方法)

1?古代部分: (1).古诗词曲的鉴赏(古诗词曲的鉴赏方法、古诗词曲鉴赏题的解题思路、诗词格律概要) (2).文言文阅读:A.文言文阅读知识:通假字、一词多义、词类活用、古今异义、文言实词、文言虚词、文言句式、 翻译技巧 B. 文言文阅读方法:课内阅读的方法、课外阅读的方法、比较阅读的方法 2. 现代部分: (1).综述:A.阅读文章的基本要求(理解语句、理清文章思路、弄清结构、概括段意和中心意思) B. 阅读文章的基本方法(十步读书法、四遍八步阅读法、比较阅读法、背诵法、复述阅读法、回环阅读 法) (2).记叙文阅读: A. 记叙文的概念及分类 B. 记叙文阅读的基本要求(列出记叙的要素、理清记叙的顺序、找出记叙的线索、分析记叙的详略、 辨析记叙文的表达方式、分析记叙文的过渡和照应、把握关键词语的深刻含 义、理解悬念的表现手法、理解抑扬的表现手法、理解衬托的表现手法、理第二部分阅读理解 解白描的表现手法、理解象征的表现手法) C. 记叙文的整体阅读(划分记叙文段落的层次、概括记叙文各段的段意、整体把握文章的中心思想、 分析记叙文中的人物形象、辨别复杂记叙文中的主要人物、 分析记叙文的写作特点、记叙文的比较阅读) D. 新闻与通讯的阅读(新闻与通讯的特点、新闻/消息与通讯的区别) E. 记叙文“六步”阅读法 (3).说明文阅读: A. 说明文的特点 B. 说明文与记叙文的区别(写作意图、文章主要内容、文章表达方式) C. 说明文的种类 D. 说明文阅读的步骤:抓住说明对象的特征,把握说明内容 弄清说明顺序 把握结构形式 掌握说明方法体会语言的准确性、理解说明文以说明为主,兼用记叙、描写、议论

begoingto的用法作业及答案

、单选be going to的用法(作业) ( )1. —Let ' discuss the plan, shall we? —Not no w. I ____ to school to meet Tom. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going ( )2. What are you goin _____ this weeke nd? A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing ( )3. I ______ swimmi ng tomorrow. A. went B. am going to go C. go D. am going to going ( )4. There_____ a con cert on Qixing Square n ext Mon day eve ning. A. is B. is going to C. is going to be D. is have ( )5. ___ a big party in our school in two weeks. A. It is B. It be C. There was D. There is going to be 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 6. Jim and Li Lei _______________________ (watch) the football match this eve ning. 7. _____ t hey __________________ (go) fish ing this Friday afternoon? 8. —What ____ you __________________ (do) tomorrow morning? —I ' ___________________ (see) my grandparents. 三、完成句子 9. We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday.改为一般疑问句并 作否定回答) — ___________ going to play pin g-p ong on Saturday? 10. They are going to meet in the park.就划线部分提问) 11. They are going to clean the classroom tomorrow.就戈U线部分提问) _____________ they goin ____________ tomorrow? 12. When is he going to take a trip? (tomorrow)很据提示进行回答)

begoingto的用法

be going to的用法 一、be going to 的用法 be going to是一种固定结构,它后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有"准备;打算"的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如:We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排) Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测) 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形,它一般有三种形式,即:am , is , are 。当主语是 I 时用am ;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。例如: I am going to buy something tomorrow morning. 明天早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon. 她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、使用be going to 应注意的两点 1.There be 句型的be going to 结构为:There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某 事发生。例如: There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school. 下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b49870841.html,e, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示 将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如: Miss Chan is coming tonight. 今晚陈小姐要来。

【英语】英语现在进行时练习题含答案

【英语】英语现在进行时练习题含答案 一、初中英语现在进行时 1.The Smiths ________ a Christmas party now. A. is having B. are having C. has D. have 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:Smith一家人正在开圣诞晚会。根据now可知本句时态是现在进行时,be+现在分词。The Smiths,定冠词+姓氏的复数,表示……一家人,be动词用are。故选B。 【点评】考查现在进行时,注意主谓一致。 2.—Where are the twins? —One ________ flowers and trees in the garden, the other ______ to help her. A. has watered, has gone B. is watering, has been C. is watering, has gone D. has watered, has been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——双胞胎在哪儿?——一个正在花园里浇花和树,另一个去帮她了。Where are the twins?问的是此时双胞胎在干嘛?故用现在进行时回答,排除A和D,has gone to ,去了……,has been to,曾经去过……,此处表示去帮助,故选C。 【点评】考查时态,注意has been/gone to 的用法。 3.Alice, please turn down the music, I an important phone now. A. answer B. answered C. have answered D. am answering 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查现在进行时。句意:爱丽丝,请把音乐关小点,我在接一个重要的电话。根据now可知该用现在进行时,所以选D。 4.Be quiet! The students ______ an English exam. A. take B. are taking C. will take 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:安静点,学生们正在考英语。A.一般现在时;B.现在进行时;C.一般将来时。根据句意可知是学生们正在考试,所以要保持安静,所以用现在进行时,故选B。 【点评】考查现在进行时,注意平时识记,理解句意。 5.—Look out! Something____ down from the building. —Dear me! It's too dangerous.

begoingto的用法(作业及答案)

一、单选be going to 的用法 (作业) discuss the plan, shall we? ( )1. —Let’s —Not now. I to school to meet Tom. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going ( )2. What are you going this weekend? A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing ( )3. I swimming tomorrow. A. went B. am going to go C.go D. am going to going ( )4. There a concert on Qixing Square next Monday evening. A.is B. is going to C. is going to be D. is have ( )5. a big party in our school in two weeks. A. It is B. It be C. There was D. There is going to be 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 6.Jim and Li Lei _ (watch) the football match this evening. 7. they (go) fishing this Friday afternoon? 8.—What you (do) tomorrow morning? —I’m(see) my grandparents. 三、完成句子 9.We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday. (改为一般疑问句并 作否定回答) —going to play ping-pong on Saturday? 10.They are going to meet in the park. (就划线部分提问) 11.They are going to clean the classroom tomorrow. (就划线部分提问) they going tomorrow? 12.When is he going to take a trip? (tomorrow) (根据提示进行回答)

1现在进行时的基本结构

否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词) 一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语+doing(现在分词)+ 其他 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式 They’re having a meeting now. 他们现在正在开会。 They aren't having a meeting now. 他们现在没有在开会。 Are they having a meeting now? 他们现在正在开会吗? What are they doing now? 他们现在正在做什么? 2现在进行时的基本用法 1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。 The little boy is watching TV now. 这个小男孩现在正在看电视。 Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。 2. 表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作,不强调此时此刻正在做。常与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 I am studying computer this term. 这个学期我一直在学习计算机。 3. 表示说话人褒义或贬义的情感色彩,如赞许、批评、喜欢、厌恶等。此时常与always、often等频度副词连用。 He is always thinking of others , not of himself . 他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。(表示赞许) One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我的一个室友经常乱扔东西。(表示不满) 4. 表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作。(现在进行时表示一般将来的含义。) ①瞬时动词的进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义。这些动词包括go , come , leave,arrive , return等。 I am leaving. 我将要离开了。 I am leaving tomorrow. 我将会明天离开。

初中语文知识结构图

初中语文知识结构图

初中语文知识结构图 3、汉字1、字音 2、字形 4、含义 5、色彩 9、词语6、近义词辨析 7、熟语 8、关联词语 12、标点符号10、点号 11、误用辨析 27、基础知识15、修辞13、常见修辞格 14、辞格辨 16、词类 20、语法17、短语 47 18、复句 初19、辨析修改病句 中21、作家作品语24、文学文化常识22、名篇名句文23、文化常识 26、语言表达——25、简明、连贯、得体28、常见实词 45、知识体系31、文章内容的归纳,中心的概括29、常见虚词 34、古代诗文阅读32、实词、虚词30、一词多义 33、文章内容的理解(翻译、断句) 35、文体知识 36、依据作品内容进行的合理推断 37、作文作品语言、表达技巧和形象的鉴赏 38、文学作品思想内容、作者态度的评价 44、现代文阅读39、重要句子的理解和解释 40、重点词语的理解 41、文中信息的分析和筛选 42、内容的归纳,中心的概括 43、结构的分析,思路的把握 46、中考复习 初中数学知识结构图 1、有理数(正数与负数) 2、数轴

6、有理数的概念3、相反数 4、绝对值 5、有理数从大到小的比较 7、有理数的加法、加法运算律 17、有理数8、有理数的减法 9、有理数的加减混合运算 10、有理数的乘法、乘法运算律 16、有理数的运算11、有理数的除法、倒数 12、有理数的乘方 13、有理数的混合运算 21、代数式 14、科学记数法、近似 数与有效数字 22、列代数式15、用计算器进行简单的数的运算 23、代数式的值18、单项式 27、整式的加减20、整式的概念19、多项式 24、合并同类项 25、去括号与添括号 26、整式的加减法 28、等式及其基本性质 29、方程和方程的解、解方程 198 32、一元一次方程30、一元一次方程及其解法 初31、一元一次方程的应用33、代入(消元)法 中35、二元一次方程组的解法34、加减(消元)法 数193 36、相关概念及性质 学数39、二元一次方程组37、三元一次方程组及其解法举例与38、一元方程组的应用40、一元一次不等式及其解法 代45、一元一次不等式43、一元一次不等式41、不等式的解集 数和一元一次不等式组44、一元一次不等式组42、不等式和它的基本性质 46、同底数幂的乘法、单项式的乘法 47、幂的乘方、积的乘方 51、整式的乘法48、单项式与多项式相乘 49、多项式的乘法 56、整式的乘除50、平方差与完全平方公式 52、多项式除以单项式 55、整式的除法53、单项式除以单项式 54、同底数幂的除法 57、提取公因式法 61、方法58、运用公式法 63、因式分解59、分组分解法 62、意义60、其他分解法66、含字母系数的一元 65、分式的乘除法——64、分式的乘除运算一次方

begoingto语法知识

语法知识:be going to do sth be going to句型的两种不同用法 I’m going to the school.我正要去学校。 I’m going to go to the school.我打算去学校。 第一句是动词go的进行时表将来,(to)之后须加名词。(come, go等趋向动词的现在进行时表将来。) 第二句则为be going to的一般将来时句型,to之后须加动词原形。 一般将来时 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:①be going to + do;②will+ do. be going to的特殊疑问句形式 构成方式:疑问词+be going to的一般疑问句。一个口诀献给大家: 疑问词在句首, 系动词be跟着走, 主语、going紧相随, 其它成分不要丢。 如何把陈述句形式转换成特殊疑问句形式呢?一个方法,那就是:一定、二变、三去掉。 一定:即确定划线部分的疑问词; 二变:即把be

going to变为一般疑问句形式; 三去掉:去掉划 线部分。例如: We are going to have a meeting next Monday. A:确定疑问词为when(什么时候) B:把原句改为一般疑问句are you going to have a meeting next Monday? C:去掉划线部分,即When are you going to have a meeting?你们打算什么时候开会? 【注意】如果对to后面的动词短语进行提问则要用What...do...?对例句中的have a meeting进行提问应为: What are you going to do next Monday? 下星期一你们打算做什么? 【特别警示】当划线部分为主语或主语的定语时,特殊疑问句的语序为陈述句语序。 Miss Li is going to teach you 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如: We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

be going to 句型的用法

be going to 句型的用法 1. 意义:be going to是"一般将来时"的一种表现形式,表示将 来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,意思为"打算,将要"。 其中"be"会根据主语的人称变化成"is,am,are"等形式。"to"跟在它后面的动词必须是动词原形。通常和tomorrow, this evening(week/ year…), next week(Sunday…)等连用 2. 结构:主语+be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形 (系动词(am/is/are)的用法:我(I)用am,你(you)用are, is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it),凡是复数都用are) 3.肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+going to +动词原形 A.He is going to buy a book after school. B. I am going to climb mountains. 4.否定句:在系动词(am/is/are)后+not A. He isn’t going to buy a book after school. 5.一般疑问句:Be+主语+going to +动词原形(把系动词提到主语前面) A.Is he going to buy a book after school? -----No, he isn’t. B.Are you going to climb mountains? ------Yes, I am.(变一般疑问句时,第一人称变为第二人称) 6.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+going to +动词原形 He is going to have a picnic next Sunday. 下个星期天他打算去野餐。 ---What is he going to do next Sunday? ----When is he going to have a picnic?

【英语】英语现在进行时练习题含答案及解析

【英语】英语现在进行时练习题含答案及解析 一、初中英语现在进行时 1.—Let's go swimming right now! — Sorry. I can't. I ______ for the English test tomorrow. A. have studied B. was studying C. am studying 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——我们现在去游泳吧!——对不起。我不能。我正在为明天的英语考试学习。根据 Let's go swimming right now!可知study是此刻发生的动作,用现在进行时,其结构是am/is/are+doing,故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在进行时。根据语境和上下文的联系确定句子的时态。 2.— Where is Linda? — She __________ a TV program about a missing elephant. A. watches B. will watch C. watched D. is watching 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——琳达在哪里?——她正在看一个关于失踪大象的电视节目。根据上下文可知这里是正在进行的动作。进行时的结构:be+doing。故答案为D。 【点评】考查现在进行时。注意掌握现在进行时的意义和构成以及用法。 3.—Where are the twins? —One ________ flowers and trees in the garden, the other ______ to help her. A. has watered, has gone B. is watering, has been C. is watering, has gone D. has watered, has been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——双胞胎在哪儿?——一个正在花园里浇花和树,另一个去帮她了。Where are the twins?问的是此时双胞胎在干嘛?故用现在进行时回答,排除A和D,has gone to ,去了……,has been to,曾经去过……,此处表示去帮助,故选C。 【点评】考查时态,注意has been/gone to 的用法。 4.— Listen! Somebody is ___________ at the door. — Don't answer the door! Mom doesn't let us do it while she is out. A. standing B. knocking C. sitting D. greeting 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——听,有人正在敲门。——不要开门。妈妈出去时不让我们这样做。standing 站立;knocking敲打;sitting坐;greeting向……问好。由语境可知,敲门的动作正在发生,因此要用现在进行时,故选B。 【点评】考查现在进行时的用法。

[初中语文的同步知识点]初中语文知识点归纳

[初中语文的同步知识点]初中语文知识点归纳 第一部分 二种常见叙事线索:物线、情线。 二种语言类型:口语、书面语。 二种论证方式:立论、驳论。 二种说明语言:平实、生动。 二种说明文类型:事理说明文、事物说明文。 二种环境描写:自然环境描写--烘托人物心情,渲染气氛。 社会环境描写--交代时代背景。 二种论据形式:事实论据、道理论据。 第二部分 三种人称:第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。 三种感情色彩:褒义、贬义、中性。 小说三要素:人物(根据能否表现小说主题思想确定主要人物)情节(开端/发展/高潮/结局)环境(自然环境/社会环境。) 人物主要掌握通过适当的描写方法、角度刻画人物形象,反映人物思想性格的阅读技巧。 情节主要了解各部分的基本内容及理解、分析小说情节的方法、技巧。 开端交代背景,铺垫下文。

例:《孔乙己》开端部分叙写咸亨酒店的格局和两种不同身份、地位的酒客(短衣帮、长衫主顾)来往的情景,交代了当时贫富悬殊、阶级对立的社会背景,为下文孔乙己这一特殊的人物的出场作下铺垫。 发展刻画人物,反映性格。 例:《孔乙己》发展部分叙写孔乙己第一次到咸亨酒店喝酒遭人耻笑的情景,通过刻画孔乙己的肖像、神态、动作、语言等,揭示其贫困潦倒、自欺欺人、迂腐可笑、死要面子、好逸恶劳的思想性格。 高潮表现冲突,揭示主题。 例:《孔乙己》高潮部分叙写孔乙己最后一次到咸亨酒店喝酒遭人耻笑的情景,通过侧面反映丁举人的横行霸道、心横手辣和正面描写孔乙己的身残气微,表现其悲惨遭遇,从而深刻的揭露了封建科举制度的罪恶。 结局深化主题,留下思考。 例:《孔乙己》结局部分以大约、确实这样一组意味深长的词句,不仅为孔乙己的悲惨命运增添了悲剧意味,还给读者留下了无穷的思考。 环境主要理解自然环境和社会环境的作用。 自然环境描写自然景观,渲染气氛、衬托情感、预示人物命运、揭示社会本质、推动情节发展。 例1:《孔乙己》高潮部分通过描写秋天悲凉的景象,渲染了凄凉的气氛,预示着孔乙己即将死亡的悲惨结局。 例2:《我的叔叔于勒》高潮和结局部分通过描写两处对比鲜明海上景象,分别衬托出人物欢快和失落、沮丧的心情。 例3:《在烈日和暴雨下》全文极力描写烈日、狂风暴雨,不仅步步亦趋地推动着情节

现在进行时态

二.现在进行时。 一.定义:现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 二.现在进行时基本结构为be+现在分词(动词ing.)形式: be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking study—studying, 2)以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 注:see—seeing, 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。 如:run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming,shop---shopping, 但不包括以一个元音字母加上”w,y”结尾的词,(如:draw--drawing) 三.现在进行时的变化: 1.变否定句:在be后加not。如:They are not reading。 2.变一般疑问句:把be提前句首,大写,句尾加问号。如:Are they reading? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 3.变特殊疑问:疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 注:但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 四.时间状语: now / right now / at the moment(此时此刻) / at 7 o’ clock / Look !/ listen !/ Where is + 主语,后一般用进行时态 . 五.表状态或感觉的动词,不能用现在进行时:be, have, love, like, know, leave…如不表示状态感觉时可用。 六.现在进行时与always, forever, constantly连用时,表示“赞扬,埋怨” 等感情色彩 如:my granny is always losing keys.(-----老是丢钥匙。) 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ ski_________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

初一语文知识点总结

初一语文知识点总结 初一语文知识点总结 一、叙述人称(三种人称): 1、第一人称(“第一人称”能给人亲切自然、真实的感受。用“第一人称”写“我”,最适宜于写人物的心理活动,所见、所闻、所为、所感,都可以通过心理活动描写表现出来的。用第一人称写“他”时,最适宜写人物的外貌、语言、行动,因为用“我”的观感来写“他”的这些,较为客观。“第一人称”写“我”的外貌,写“他”的心理活动,必须加上摹拟的话,才能让读者心悦诚服。写“我”的外貌,可以这样写:“你们可以想象,我那时的脸是多么红。”写“他”的心理活动,可以这样写:“心里很轻松似的。”) 2、第二人称(作用:增强文章的抒情性和亲切感,便于感情交流。) 3、第三人称(作用:能比较直接客观地展现丰富多彩的生活,不受时间和空间限制,反映现实比较灵活自由。) 二、叙述方式(或者说“记叙的顺序”)(三种): 1、顺叙——按时间发生的先后顺序所作的叙述。顺叙型的结构模式是:总叙+分叙(分叙1+分叙2+分叙3+分叙n)+结尾。作用:条理清楚地进行记叙。 2、倒叙——把事件的结局或其发展过程中的某一重要断面提到文章前面,写完结局或断面,然后才按时间顺序写。作用:这种笔法能造成悬念,吸引读者。

3、插叙(补叙属于插叙一种)——对全文来说,插叙仅是一个片断,插叙完后,文章仍回到原来的事件叙述上来。这种插叙不是叙述的主体部分,一般不发生在主流的时间范围内。若把这种插叙删去,虽会削弱主体的深刻性,但不明显影响主要情节的完整性。作用:使情节更加完整,结构更加严密,内容更加充实丰满。补叙作用:对上文内容加以补充解释,对下文做某些交代。 (有一种不常用的,叫“平叙”,即:俗称“花开两枝,各表一朵”,(指叙述两件或多件同时发生的事)使头绪清楚,照应得体。) 三、描写: 总体来说,描写有以下一些作用:①再现自然风光。②描绘人物的外貌及内心世界。③交代人物活动的自然及社会环境。 1、五种人物的描写方法:肖像(外貌)描写、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、神态描写。 作用:更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。刻画人物性格,反映人物心理活动,促进故事情节的发展。等等。具体回答的时候要说明白是什么性格、什么心理等。 2、二种环境描写:自然环境描写——具体描写自然风光,营造一种气氛,烘托人物的情感和思想。烘托人物心情,渲染气氛等。 社会环境描写——交代人物活动的(时代)背景,写明事件发生的时间和地点,渲染气氛,更好地表现人物。 3、正面描写、侧面描写:正面直接表现人物、事物;侧面烘托突出人物、事物。

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