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国际经济学作业答案第一章

国际经济学作业答案第一章
国际经济学作业答案第一章

Chapter 1 Introduction

Multiple Choice Questions

Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model.

“Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776

“Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758

“Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758

“Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776

“Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758

Answer: E

From 1959 to 2000,

the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size.

U.S. imports roughly tripled in size.

the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size.

U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports.

U.S. exports roughly tripled in size.

Answer: C

The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country.

the United States is a “Superpower.”

the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.

the United States invests in many other countries.

many countries invest in the United States.

Answer: A

Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis.

are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy.

l economy.

are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa

are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy.

are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists.

Answer: C

An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it

is always beneficial to both countries.

is usually beneficial to both countries.

is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country.

is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.

tends to create unemployment in both countries.

Answer: B

If there are large disparities in wage levels between countries, then

trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.

trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.

trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.

trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.

trade is likely to have no effect on either country.

Answer: D

Benefits of international trade are limited to

tangible goods.

intangible goods.

all goods but not services.

services.

None of the above.

Answer: E

Attempts to explain the pattern of international trade

have been a major focus of international economists.

have proven to be hopeless.

have proven to be a trivial exercise.

have been the preoccupation of economic development theorists.

None of the above.

Answer: A

Which of the following does not belong?

NAFTA

Uruguay Round

World Trade Organization

None Tariff Barriers

None of the above.

Answer: D

Cost-benefit analysis of international trade

is basically useless.

is empirically intractable.

focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.

focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.

None of the above.

Answer: C

its balance of payments deficit, An improvement in a country’s balance of payments means a decrease in

or an increase in its surplus. In fact we know that a surplus in a balance of payments is good.

is usually good.

is probably good.

may be considered bad.

is always bad.

Answer: D

The study of exchange rate determination is relatively

difficult.

new and mathematical.

old.

obtuse.

None of the above.

Answer: B

The GATT was

an international treaty.

an international U.N. agency.

an international IMF agency.

a U.S. government agency.

a collection of tariffs.

Answer: A

The international debt crisis of early 1982 was precipitated when _____ could not pay its international debts.

Russia

Mexico

Brazil

Malaysia

China

Answer: B

3 / 10

International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields:

macro and micro.

developed and less developed.

monetary and barter.

international trade and international money.

static and dynamic.

Answer: C

A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences in

historical perspective.

location.

resource availabilities.

tastes.

incomes.

Answer: C

International trade is sometimes used as a substitute for all of the following except international movements of capital.

international movements of labor.

domestic production of the same goods or services.

domestic production of different goods and services.

None of the above.

Answer: D

International trade forces domestic firms to become more competitive in terms of

the introduction of new products.

product design and quality.

product reliability.

product price.

All of the above.

Answer: E

The movement to free international trade is most likely to generate short-term unemployment in which industries?

Industries producing non-tradable goods

Import-competing industries

Export industries

Import sectors

None of the above.

Answer: B

International trade is logically associated with which assumption?

Resources are less mobile internationally than domestically.

Resources are more mobile internationally than are goods.

Imports should exceed exports.

Exports should exceed imports.

None of the above.

Answer: A

Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded by the political process because economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.

economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.

maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority for politicians.

the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.

None of the above.

Answer: C

Increased foreign competition tends to

increase profits of domestic import-competing industries.

place constraints on the wages of domestic workers.

induce falling output per worker for domestic workers.

intensity inflationary pressures at home

None of the above.

Answer: B

____________ is the ability of a firm to design, produce, and market goods and services that are better and/or cheaper than those of other firms.

Competitiveness

Protectionism

Comparative advantage

Interventionism

None of the above.

Answer: A

For a country to maximize its productivity in a global economy, it requires

only imports.

only exports.

both exports and imports.

neither exports nor imports.

foreign direct investment.

Answer: C

5 / 10

Proponents of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except

relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.

a wider selection of products for consumers.

increased competition for world producers.

the utilization of the most efficient production processes.

None of the above.

Answer: A

f A firm’s ____, relative to that of other firms, is generally regarded as the most important determinant o competitiveness.

income level

tastes

preferences

productivity

environmental regulation

Answer: D

One likely effect of moving to free international trade is that

a monopoly in the home market becomes an oligopoly in the world market.

an oligopoly in the home market becomes a monopoly in the world market.

a purely competitive firm becomes an oligopolist.

a purely competitive firm becomes a monopolist.

None of the above.

Answer: A

International trade in goods and services tends to

increase all domestic costs and prices.

keep all domestic costs and prices at the same level.

lessen the amount of competition facing home manufactures.

increase the amount of competition facing home manufacturers.

None of the above.

Answer: D

The real income of domestic producers and consumers may be increased by

technological progress, but not international trade.

international trade, but not technological progress.

neither technological progress nor international trade.

both technological progress and international trade.

None of the above.

Answer: D

A sudden shift from import tariffs to free trade may cause short-term unemployment in

import competing industries.

exporting industries.

industries that neither import nor export.

service industries

None of the above.

Answer: A

Empirical studies indicate that productivity performance is

directly related to globalization of industries.

inversely related to globalization of industries.

not related to globalization of industries.

Any of the above.

None of the above.

Answer: A

A closed economy is one in which

imports exactly equal exports.

domestic firms invest in foreign countries.

the home economy is isolated from foreign trade or investment.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Answer: C

The dominant trading nation in the world market since World War II was

the United Kingdom.

the United States.

Japan.

Germany.

China.

Answer: B

Empirical studies indicate that _______________ best enhances productivity growth for local industries local competition

cut-throat competition

destabilizing competition

global competition

None of the above.

Answer: D

7 / 10

High levels of openness are most likely associated with a country’s

political orientation.

size.

resource availability.

historical association with foreign entangling alliances.

None of the above.

Answer: B

Essay Questions

It is argued that small countries tend have more open economies than large ones. Is this empirically

verified? What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?

Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also

do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale

economy possibilities.

Another answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the “natural” mar

for any given plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center.

Assuming that the production plants are located randomly throughout the country, then

the probability that the typical circular market will encompass some foreign country is

greater the smaller is the country.

It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a

relatively poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S.

hat do you think about this argument?

wages would fall to the level of Mexico’s. W

Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a

discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.

Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.

Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large

trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within

South America seems curious.

International trade tends to prove that international trade is beneficial to all trading countries. However,

casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might

you reconcile these two facts?

Answer: Like question 2, this is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of

issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.

It is argued that small countries tend have more open economies than large ones. Is this empirically

verified? What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?

Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also

do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale

economy possibilities.

Anot her answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the “natural” mar

for any given plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center.

Assuming that the production plants are located randomly throughout the country, then

the probability that the typical circular market will encompass some foreign country is

greater the smaller is the country.

It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a

relatively poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S. wages would fall to the level of Mexico’s. What do you think about this argument?

Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a

discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.

Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.

Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large

trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within

South America seems curious.

International trade tends to prove that international trade is beneficial to all trading countries. However, casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might

you reconcile these two facts?

Answer: Like question 2, this is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of

issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.

International Trade theory is one of the oldest areas of applied economic policy analysis. It is also an area for which data was relatively widely available very early on. Why do you suppose this is the case?

Answer: In ancient times, public finance was not well developed. Most of the population

was not producing and consuming within well-developed market economies, so that income and

sales taxes were not efficient. One of the most convenient ways for governments to obtain

resources was to set up custom posts at borders and tax. Hence international trade was of great

policy interest to princes and kings, as was precise data of their main tax base.

Quantitative/Graphing Problems

9 / 10

The figure above is the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) of Baccalia, where only two products are produced, clothing and wine. In fact Baccalia is producing on its PPF at point A. By and large the people

of Baccalia are content, as both their external and internal needs for warmth are satisfied in the most economically efficient manner possible, given their available productive resources (and known technology). How much wine is being produced? How much cloth? If a person in this country wanted to purchase a liter of wine, what would be the price he or she would have to pay?

Judging from what you learned in the previous paragraph, can you indicate at which point (if at

all) the Community Indifference Curve is tangent to the Production Possibility Frontier? Explain

your reasoning.

Answer: 6 million liters of wine are being produced.

3 million square yards of cloth are being produced.

The price of 1 liter of wine is one half of a square yard of cloth.

The tangency is at point A. We know this because otherwise the country would not be

producing at the point of maximum economic efficiency.

One day, Baccalia joined the WTO and joined the Global Village. They discovered that in the LWE (London Wine Exchange), 1 liter of wine is worth 1 square yard of cloth. What is the logical production point they should strive for?

Answer: 10 million liters of wine.

They wish to enjoy to the fullest from the gains from trade, but are not willing to give up imbibing even

one drop of wine from the 6 million liters they consumed in their original autarkic state. If their new consumption point is a point we shall designate as point b, describe where this point would be found.

Answer: Vertically above point a

Where is the Community Indifference Curve family of curves tangent to their new Consumption Possibility Frontier?

Answer: At point b.

How can you prove that Baccalia has in fact gained from the availability of trade, and that their new situation is superior to the pre-trade situation (with which they were quite content)?

Answer: The country was consuming at point a before trade. It is now consuming at point b with trade. Point b represents a superior welfare combination of goods as compared to point a,

since at b the country has more of each of the goods.

国际经济学作业答案第一章

Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C

国际经济学试题及答案

三、名词解释 1.生产者剩余 答:生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 2.罗伯津斯基定理 答:罗伯津斯基定理是指在生产两种产品的情况下,如果商品的国际比价保持不变,一种生产要素增加所导致的密集使用该生产要素的产品产量增 加,会同时减少另外一种产品的产量。 3.产品生命周期 答:产品生命周期是指新产品经历发明、应用、推广到市场饱和、产品衰落,进而被其他产品所替代四个阶段。 4.购买力平价 答:购买力平价是指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例。 5.市场内部化 答:市场内部化是指企业为减少交易成本,减少生产和投资风险,而将该跨国界的各交易过程变成企业内部的行为。 6.黄金输送点 答:黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点,是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限,它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 7.要素禀赋 答:要素禀赋,即要素的丰裕程度,是指在不同国家之间,由于要素的稀缺程度不同导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林 定理认为,要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础 8.比较优势 答:比较优势也称为比较成本或比较利益,是由英国古典经济学家大卫李·嘉图提出的。李嘉图通过两个国家两种产品的模型阐明,比较优势是一国 在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势,在绝对劣势基础上的相对较小的 劣势,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则。根据各自的 比较优势来来确定国际分工并进行贸易往来,双方便都可以获得比较利 益。 9.人力资本 答:所谓人力资本是资本与劳动力结合而形成的一种新的生产要素,然们通过劳动力进行投资(如进行教育、职业培训、保健等),可以提高原有 劳动力的素质和技能,劳动生产率得到提升,从而对一个国家参加国际 分工的比较优势产生作用与影响。 10.布雷顿森林体系 答:布雷顿森林体系是指从第二次世界大战结束到1971年所实行的金汇兑本位制。这一以美元为中心的固定汇率制度的特征简而言之便是“美元

国际经济学课后答案解析

第一章绪论 1、列举出体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件,他们为什么重要?他们都是怎么影响中国与欧、美、日的经济和政治关系的?当前的国际金融危机最能体现国际经济学问题,其深刻地影响了世界各国的金融、实体经济、政治等领域,也影响了各国之间的关系因此显得尤为重要;其对中国与欧、美、日的政治和经济关系的影响为:减少中国对上述国家的出口,影响中国外汇储备,贸易摩擦加剧,经济联系加强,因而也会导致中国与上述国家在政治上的对话与合作。 2、我们如何评价一国与他国之间的相互依赖程度?我们可以通过一国的对外贸易依存度来评价该国与他国之间的相互依赖程度,也可以通过其他方式来评价比如一国政府政策的溢出效应和回震效应以及对外贸易对国民生活水平的影响。 3、国际贸易理论及国际贸易政策研究的内容是什么?为什么说他们是国际经济学的微观方面?国际贸易理论分析贸易的基础和所得,国际贸易政策考察贸易限制和新保护主义的原因和效果。国际贸易理论和政策是国际经济学的微观方面,因为他们把国家看作基本单位,并研究单个商品的(相对)价格。 4、什么是外汇交易市场及国际收支平衡表?调节国际收支平衡意味着什么?为什么说他们是国际经济学的宏观方面?什么是宏观开放经济学及国际金融?外汇交易市场描述一国货币与他国货币交换的框架,国际收支平衡表测度了一国与外部世界交易的总收入与总支出的情况。调节国际收支平衡意味着调节一国与外部世界交易出现的不均衡(赤字或盈余);由于国际收支平衡表涉及总收入和总支出,调节政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数,因而他们是国际经济学的宏观方面;外汇交易及国际收支平衡调节涉及总收入和总支出,调整政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数,这些内容被称为宏观开放经济学或国际金融。 5、浏览报刊并做下列题目:(1)找出5条有关国际经济学的新闻(2)每条新闻对中国经济的重要性或影响(3)每条新闻对你个人有何影响 A (1) 国际金融危机: 影响中国整体经济,降低出口、增加失业、经济减速等 (2) 美国大选:影响中美未来经济政治关系 (3) 石油价格持续下跌:影响中国的能源价格及相关产业 (4) 可口可乐收购汇源被商务部否决:《反垄断法》的第一次实施,加强经济法治 (5) 各国政府经济刺激方案:对中国经济产生外部性效应B 以上5条新闻对个人影响为:影响个人消费水平和就业前景 第二章比较优势理论 1、重商主义者的贸易观点如何?他们的国家财富概念与现在有何不同?重商主义者主张政府应当竭尽所能孤立出口,不主张甚至限制商品(尤其是奢侈类消费品)。重商主义者认为国家富强的方法是尽量使出口大于进口,而出超的结果是金银等贵重金属流入,而一个国家拥有越多的金银,就越富有越强大。现在认为一个国家生产力即生产商品的能力越高则一国越富强 2、亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础和贸易模式分别是什么?贸易所得是如何产生的?斯密倡导什么样的国际贸易基础?他认为政府在经济生活中的适当功能是什么?亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础是绝对优势;贸易模式为两国通过专门生产自己有绝对优势的产品并用其中一部分来交换器有绝对劣势的商品。通过生产绝对优势商品并交换,资源可以被最有效的使用,而且两种商品的产出会有很大的增长,通过交换就会消费比以前更多的商品从而产生了贸易所得;斯密倡导自由贸易,主张自由放任也就是政府尽可能少干涉经济

国际经济学作业答案

C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.

Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.

国际经济学试题-精选稿教师用-含部分答案-

国际经济学精选习题集 第一部分国际贸易理论 第1章绪论 一、单项选择题 1.国际经济学在研究资源配置时,划分的基本经济单位是(D)A.企业 B.个人 C.政府 D.国家2.国际经济学研究的对象是(B) A.国际商品流动 B.世界范围内的稀缺资源的最优配置 C.国际收支平衡 D.国际人员流动 3.从国际间经济资源流动的难易度看,流动最容易的是(B)A.商品 B.资本 C.人员 D. 技术 二、判断分析题 1.国际经济学是建立在微观经济学与宏观经济学基础之上的一门分支科学。 √。大部分国际经济学应用了宏微观经济学的一般原理,如无差异曲线、需求曲线、企业产量按照确定等,但是国际经济学理论本身也获得了许多理论性的进步。在此基础上的国际经济学研究又推动了一般经济学理论研究方法的发展。 第2章比较优势原理 一、单项选择题

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国际经济学练习题及答案(内部资料)

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国际经济学练习题 一、判断题 1、当开放贸易时,所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。 2、根据简单贸易模型,在贸易发生之前,如果各国的某种商品价格相同,这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。 3、如果一国中某生产者通过贸易能使自己的境况得到改善,那么,该国中所有的生产者都会通过贸易来改善自己的境况。 4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下,一国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另一国对该商品的过度需求相等。 5、不存在free lunch,但却存在free trade。 6、一国即便在某种商品的生产上具有绝对劣势,它也可以在该商品的生产上具有相对优势。 7、根据H—O理论,一国如果比他国拥有更多英亩的土地,该国便是“土地丰富”的国家。 8、在成本递增的条件下,各国并不一定要完全专业化于一种商品的生产。 9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。 10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的生产要素定义而解决Leontief Paradox。 11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为,贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收入,同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更高的实际收入。 12、如果各国的生产技术相同,贸易便不会使生产要素价格均等化。 13、一国的非技术性工人会比技术性工人更加反对贸易自由化。 14、大国可投资发展进口替代产业而不是出口产业,进而改善本国的贸易条件。 15、按照定义,小国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发生变化。 16、青春期是一个贫困化增长的好例子。 17、一国生产要素的增长总会使该国更加自给自足,进而减少对国际贸易的依赖。 18、一个与外界隔绝的国家一定会降低其公民的生活水平。 19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。 20、根据H—0理论,各国应进行大量的产业内贸易。 21、规模经济是指资源的平衡增长导致平均成本上升。 22、产业内贸易发生的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收入分配效应。 23、如果瑞士旅行鞋的进口增加,英国皮鞋制造商就会受到损失。 24、自由贸易总是一种比征收关税更好的政策。 25、从量关税的优越性之一是其保护价值量与进口商品的价格上涨保持同步。 26、关税对一个国家来说可能是最优的,但对全球来说不会是最优的。 27、关税给消费者带来的损失要大于它给生产者带来的收益。 28、与关税相比,配额给政府官员以更大的管理灵活性。 29、只要进口许可证是被拍卖的,配额的福利效应就与关税相同。 30、如果一国政府的税收收入很少,它就会倾向于采用关税而不是配额。 31、对于进口国来说,自愿出口限制比进口配额效果更差。 32、自愿出口限制实际上很少是自愿的。 33、对症规则(specificity rule)认为,关税通常不是纠正一国经济中扭曲的最佳方法。 34、贸易保护的国防理论和国家荣誉理论基本上是次优的。 35、如果“learning by doing”意味者今天更多的生产会使未来的成本降低,那么最好的政策就是实行保护性关税。

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2019年自考《国际经济学》章节试题及答案

2019年自考《国际经济学》章节试题及答案 第1章绪论 重点问题:国际经济学的产生、发展、对象及其其他经济学科的关系单选 1.国际经济学分析的最基本的出发点是(B) A经济增长B经济自然增长C制度创新的经济增长D经济发展 2.经济发展是(D) A经济结构的变革B社会和政治体制的变革C经济自然增长D制度创新的经济增长 3.国际经济最基本的出发点是(B ) A社会分工B国际分工C产业内分工D产业之间的分工和合作 4.国际经济交往的主要方式是(A) A生产要跨国界流动B国际分工C商品跨国界流通D开放经济 判断 1.经济的自然增长与人口的自然增长有关。(√) 2.国际经济学的重要出发点和归宿点是国际资源配置、国际经济福利分配和可持续发展。(√) 3.一般而言,国际经济运行中,经济调节手段能够贯彻得比较彻底。( ×) 4.经济产出与经济要素在国际间可以流动但却不能自由流动。(√) 5.个体、企业和国家的跨国经济活动有机结合形成开放经济。( ×) 6.国际经济学的研究对象是国与国之间的经济活动和经济关系。(√)

7.国际经济中不存在公平和效率问题。( ×) 8.无论国际经济的经济主体还是国内经济的经济主体,其运行的主要基础是市场。(√) 名词国际经济学(International Economics):研究国家之间经济的相互依存性 第2章古典国际贸易理论 重点问题:绝对利益说的基本内容及其评价比较利益说的基本内容及其评价 单选 1.在斯密的绝对优势贸易理论中,(C)。 A所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银 B具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额 C如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品,将同时从贸易中获益 D如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业,将丧失绝对优势 2.李嘉图的比较优势理论指出,(B)。 A贸易导致不完全专业化 B即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势,也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比,具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额

国际经济学复习课后答案

第一章练习与答案 1.为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格? 答:经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格,而不是单一价格因素。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下,当一个商品达到均衡时,另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡?试解释原因。 答案:是 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线,试确定过剩供给(或需求)曲线。 答案提示: 5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线(B国)和过剩需求曲线(A国)来确定国际均衡价格,那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示:不一定一致,x商品的价格是Px/Py,而y商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,那么贸易后,国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平? 答案提示:贸易后,国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8.根据上一题的答案,你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些? 答案提示:小国。 第二章答案 1.根据下面两个表中的数据,确定(1)贸易前的相对价格;(2)比较优势型态。 表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入

A B X Y 6 2 15 12 表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 10 4 5 5 答案提示:首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率,然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。(表2-2(a)和表2-2(b)部分的内容) 2.假设A、B两国的生产技术条件如下所示,那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗?解释原因。 表3 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 4 2 8 4 答案提示:从绝对优势来看,两国当中A国在两种产品中都有绝对优势;从比较优势来看,两国不存在相对技术差异。所以,两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。 3.如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势,那么也必具有比较优势吗? 答案提示:不一定,比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优,两劣取最劣。

国际经济学试卷及答案

试卷(A)国际经济学一、选择题(2x15=30,每题只有一个正确答案) 1、如果dx、sx、dm和sm分别代表出口产品的需求弹性、出口产品的供给弹性、进口产品的需 求弹性和进口产品的供给弹性,则马歇尔—勒纳条件用公式表示为() >1 dx+sx>1 B.||A.|dx+dm|>1 .|sx+sm|C.|dm+sm|>1 D) 2. “贫困化增长”的一个必要条件为:( A.国家的增长偏向于出口产业。B.外国对该国的出口需求具有价格弹性。C.国家的消费 偏好高度偏向于出口商品。D.贸易在国民经济中比重不大。)3、从国际贸易对生产要素收 入分配的短期影响来看,自由贸易会导致( .生产进口竞争品部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高A .生产进口竞争品部门使用的共同 生产要素收入水平下降B C.生产出口品部门使用的共同生产要素收入水平提高 D.生产出口品 部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高)、在商品的国际比价保持不变的情况下,偏向出口的 生产要素增长会(4 .扩大进口品生产规模 BA.扩大出口品生产规模.使贸易规模保持不变C D.使贸易规模缩减)5、在货币主义的汇率决定理论中,与本币价值负相关的变量是(.外 国国民收入A.本国国民收入 B C.外国的利息率 D.外国货币 供给、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论是(6 ) BA.重叠需求理论.规模 经济理论.要素禀赋理论C D.相互倾销理论 7、货币贬值对国内吸收的直接影响效应不包括() A.货币余额效应 B.收入再分配效应 C.货币幻觉效应 D.贸易条件效应、世界贸易组织WT)是关贸总协定主持的 下列哪一回合谈判的结果 .多哈回.乌拉圭回 .东京回.安纳西回 、成员国间实行自由贸易优惠协定并统一外部关税,但成员国间要素尚未实现自由流动是 A.自由贸易 B.关税同 C.共同市 D.经济联 1、在幼稚产业的判定标准中,强调技术外溢和外部规模经济效果的是 .李斯特标.肯普标 .穆勒标.巴斯塔布尔标 1、根据蒙代尔提出的“分配法则,当一国失业和逆差并存时,为实现经济的内外平衡应采取的 政策搭配是 .紧财政、松货.松财政、松货 .松财政、紧货.紧财政、紧货 1、通常与进口替代战略相配合的政策措施包括 .降低关税壁.高估本币价 .放松外汇管.减少非关税壁 1、征收进口关税对于进口国来说 .不利于与进口产品相竞争的生产 .使国内同类产品的生产减

第一章国际经济学教案导论(可编辑修改word版)

一、国际经济学的含义 第一章绪论 第一节国际经济学的产生与发展 研究开放条件下的生产、交换行为以及价格、货币和宏观政策。由国际贸易经济学和国际货币经济学组成。(研究世界范围内商品、服务和资本的生产、分配和消费活动的学科) 二、国际经济学的产生 1、家政学:家庭是经济行为的基本单位,追求在收入既定情况下的福利最大化。 家政学――家庭―――收入既定福利最大 2、微观经济学:微观经济学以企业为经济活动中心,研究企业在资源既定的条件下获得最大的利润,消费者在收入既定的条件下获得最大的效用。 微观经济学着重探讨生产什么、为谁生产、如何生产。 3、宏观经济学:研究国民经济,对一个国家的经济总量(如经济增长、就业等)进行分析。宏观经济的目标包括经济增长、充分就业、稳定物价和国际收支平衡。 4、国际经济学 随着历史的发展,国家间的经济往来日益频繁,彼此经济关系日益紧密,国家于是成为国际经济往来和活动的主体,出现了各种国际经济往来的形式,国际经济因而产生。为了探讨国际经济关系的内在联系,就有必要产生独立的经济学分支学科,即国际经济学。 国际经济学是西方经济学的一般理论在国际经济中的延伸和应用,是西方经济学的分支 学科。 国际经济学的两大特征 (1)国际交易不同于国内交易。国际交易中普遍存在对贸易和要素流动的自然的和人为的阻碍。如,劳动力和资本在国家间的流动性远远低于其在一国之内自由流动的程度;关税和非关税壁垒在一国之内一般是不存在的;各国使用不同的货币,使得国际交易远比国内交易复杂得多。 (2)国际经济关系发生在各个独立的经济实体之间。各国政府制定政策考虑的往往是本国的福利和稳定,而非全世界的福利和稳定,因此往往导致在一国看来是最佳的选择,而在世界范围内看并非最佳;此外,经济间的连锁机制使得一国的经济政策,如财政政策和货币政策,不仅会影响着本国的资源配置,同时还会影响他国的资源配置。 三、国际经济学的发展 1、国际贸易理论的发展 (1)古典贸易理论:斯密的绝对优势理论、李嘉图的比较优势理论 (2)新古典贸易理论:国际贸易理论的标准模型、H-O 模型 (3)当代贸易理论:打破了已往的“规模收益不变和完全竞争”的基本假设,研究重点由国家间的差异转向市场结构和厂商行为方面,着重研究不完全竞争市场下国际贸易的新特点以及贸易政策。 2、国际金融理论的发展 (1)金本位制下的“价格-铸币流动机制” (2)布雷顿森林体系下的国际收支收入调节机制 (3)浮动汇率下的国际收支货币分析方法 (4)开放经济动态变化的跨时分析方法

国际经济学作业答案-第七章

Chapter 7 International Factor Movements Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a) International trade in goods (b) International conflict resolution (c) International trade in services (d) International trade in factors of production (e) International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) the physical increase in output as country grows. (b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) the marginal product of labor. (e) the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) increase total world output. (b) improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) None of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C

国际经济学简答题论述题集(含答案)

简答 1、简述发展中国家汇率制度的主要特征。 1)采取钉住汇率制度,即本国货币钉住主要发达国家货币,保持汇率相 对固定。 2)实施外汇管制。 3)本国货币不能自由兑换外国货币。 2、货币贬值的效应受哪些因素的影响? .(1)一国进出口商品的需求弹性和供给弹性的影响最为突出。 一般而言,一国进出口产品的需求弹性越大,货币贬值对改善贸易收支的效果越好。 (2)货币贬值的效应受时滞的影响。? (3)其他国家是否报复,如实施对等的货币贬值。 3、简述倾销的含义及其构成条件。 倾销,是指一国(地区)的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国(地区)市场的行为。对倾销的调查和确定,由对外贸易经济合作部负责。 其构成要素:?(1)产品以低于正常价值或公平价值的价格销售; (2)这种低价销售的行为给进口国产业造成损害,包括实质性损害、实质性威胁和实质性阻碍;?(3)损害是由低价销售造成的,二者之间存在因果关系。 5、简述恩格尔定理对国际贸易的意义。 1)恩格尔定律是指随着收入水平的提高,收入中用于食品等必需品的支 出比例减少,用于非必需品的比重上升。 2)随着世界收入水平的提高,奢侈品及消费品和耐用消费品的需求增长快, 有利于生产这些产品的国家出口。 3)收入水平的提高,不利于农业生产国的发展,不利于食品等的出口。 6、简述出口补贴对出口国经济的影响。 1)出口补贴有利于出口规模的扩大,有利于增加生产者剩余。 2)出口补贴减少了消费者剩余。 3)增加了政府财政支出。 4)出口补贴使一国经济福利净损失。 7、一国征收关税对商品相对价格的影响及其经济效应。 关税对商品相对价格的影响:关税是自由贸易价格基础的加价,提高了进口产品价格的同时也提高了国内与进口竞争的产品的价格。其经济效应:①减少了本国消费者的消费者剩余,增加了与进口产品相竞争的生产者的生产者剩余,同时政府财政收入会增加,但总体上经济福利水平降低。②影响了一国进口贸易规模从而保护了本国同类商品的生产,增加了受保护商品中密集使用的生产要素收入和阻止了对稀缺要素需求的下降。 8、简述劳动力在国际间流动的作用。 1)最主要的意义就是:有利于劳动力市场的充分竞争,利用劳动力资源的优化配置,我国而言有助于劳动力市场的完善。?2)还可以说有助于提高农民收入水平,缩小城乡收入差距。 9、简述一国货币扩张与财政扩张对一国汇率和产出的影响。

国际经济学作业答案-第六章

Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade Multiple Choice Questions 1. External economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) rises as the industry grows larger. (b) falls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger. (c) falls as the average firm grows larger. (d) remains constant. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 2. Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) rises as the industry grows larger. (b) falls as the industry grows larger. (c) rises as the average firm grows larger. (d) falls as the average firm grows larger. (e) None of the above. Answer: D 3. External economies of scale (a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c) tends to result in one huge monopoly. (d) tends to result in large profits for each firm. (e) None of the above. Answer: A 4. Internal economies of scale (a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c) are associated only with sophisticated products such as aircraft. (d) cannot form the basis for international trade. (e) None of the above. Answer: B

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