当前位置：搜档网 › 专业英语期末试卷.doc

专业英语期末试卷.doc

Part I .Translating the following terms

1、N otes to financial statements

2、A ccounting elements

3、V ariable costs

4、E conomic entity

5、D epreciation expense

6、D eferred income taxes

7、N ominal accounts

8、R OA

9、L IFO

10> Work in process

11、现金收支

12、原材料

13、制造费用

14、相关性

15、持续经营

16、复式记账

17、优先股

18、预付费用

19、购货退回与折让

20、永续盘存制

Part II? True or False

1、The accounting process generates financial reports for both internal ”

and "external" users?

2、T he balance sheet reflects the basic accounting equation and the means of financing the organization，s assets?

3、T he existence of Accounts Receivable on the Balance Sheet indicates that the company has one or more creditors?

4、L iabiIities are classified and presented in increasing order of liquidity?

5、W orking capital equals current assets less current liabilities?

6、D eclaration of dividends reduces the retained earnings portion of the owners5 equity of the corporation and creates a liabilities called

Divi dends Payab1e?

7、A chart of accounts is a listing of the titles of all accounts.

8、T he cash basis of accounting often violates the matching rule?

9、C losing entries convert real and nominal accounts to zero balance?

10> The work sheet is published with the balanee sheet and income statement, as a supplementary statement?

11> A company，s sustainable growth rate is the highest growth rate in sales it can attain without issuing new stock? 12、Only rapidly growing firms have growth management problems.

13> ROE is a measure of the efficiency with which a company employs owners，capita 1.

14、Present value i s the amount of cash infl ows or out fl ows discounted to their present value?

15> It is no accident that Profit Margin and Assets Turnover tend to vary inversely in a certain business?

16> An collection period of 40 days means that the company has an average of 40 days， worth of credit sales tied up in accounts receivable?

17> Pro forma financial statements are the most widely used vehicles for financial forecasting?

18> The percent-of-sales method can provide simple, logical estimates of many important variables in the course of financial forecasting?

Par till. Accounting practice

Use the given information of ABC Company and prepare a Balance sheet.、

interest payable34, 000 prepaid rent30, 000 cash82, 000 accounts payable145, 000 income tax payable39, 800 paid-in capital300,000

store equipment 743, 000

bonds payable289,000

merchandise inventory55, 000

retained earnings110,200 accumulated17&

000 depreciation

wage payable60, 000 accounts receivable 246, 000

2、Use the above completed Balance sheet and the following Income statement to calculate

(1)Debt-to-assets ratio

(2)Return on equity

(3)Collection period

(4)Total assets turnover

(5)Current ratio

Part IV. Journalizing these given transactions for A&B Corporation?

(1)Sold merchandise on credit to Corson $50,000,with terms of 1/10, n/30. (Net method)

(2)Purchased merchandise worthy of $40, 000 from Galen Company on credit.

(3)Estimated uncollectible accounts receivable of $10, 000 for the period.

(4)Merchandise costing $2000 was sold and returned now by the customer.

(5)Accrued interest expense$600.

ACCOUNTING ENGLISH Middle~of-term Test Papers

The Answer Sheet:

Class:Name: No: Grade:

Part HL

1、Balance Sheet

2、Financial ratios

Part IV Journal entries

《汽车专业英语》期末试卷附答案第2套

2、The modern automatic transmission is by far the most complicated mechanical component in today’s automobile. 3、Torque that is produced at the end of the crankshaft by the engine must be transmitted to the driving wheels. 4、A double overhead cam engine has two cams per head. So in-line engines have two cams, and V-type engines have four. 5、所以冷却系统的另一个重要作用是让发动机尽快的升温，并保持在稳定的温度范围内。 .

三、Answer the following questions in English. (3×5’) 1、Why do we need the cooling system in an IEC （内燃机）? 2、What is the function of the braking system? 3、What ’s the displacement of an engine? 四、 Choose the right answer. (5×2’) 1、What do almost all cars use to convert gasoline into motion? A. one-stroke combustion cycle B. two-stroke combustion cycle C. three-stroke combustion cycle D. four-stroke combustion cycle 2、A car uses a four-stroke engine. The four strokes are . A. intake, compression, ignition and exhaust B. injection, rotation, ignition and exhaust C. injection, carburetion, rotation and exhaust 3、What is the core of a car ’s engine?

机械专业英语词汇合集-机械人必背(字母表版)

西南交通大学2013级研究生录 V ocabulary A accessory附件，辅助设备 accordingly因此，从而 accuracy精确性 acetylene乙炔 acrylics丙烯酸树脂 acrylonitrile丙烯腈 adjusted调整过的 advent出现，到来 aligned对齐的，均衡的 aligned排列的 alloy合金 alphanumeric文字数字的，包含文字与数字的aluminum铝 ambiguously含糊不清地 amenable易控制的 amorphous无定形的，非晶态的 analogous类似的 angle角度 annealing退火 anvil铁砧 appendant下垂物 approach接近，方法，接近，靠近 arbor藤架，凉亭 argon氩气 artificial人造的 assist辅助 asymmetric不对称的 atop在顶上 attaching附属的 automatically自动的，机械的 automation自动化 automobile汽车，车辆 auxiliairy辅助的，补助的 axis轴 B bartender酒吧间男招待 batch一批，一组 beam光线 bearing轴承 binder粘合物 biomaterial生物材料

blacksmith铁匠，锻工 blade刀锋，刀口 blanking空白，下料，落料 blast爆破，冲击波 blowtorch吹管 blunt钝的 bolt螺栓 bond键，使粘合，使结合 boost推进 borer钻孔器 boring钻孔 bottleneck瓶颈 brazing硬钎焊 brittleness脆性 bronze青铜 burlap粗麻布 C calibrate校准 cam凸轮 capital首都，资本，资金，首都的，重要的cappuccino卡布奇诺，热牛奶咖啡 carbide碳化物 carburetor化油器 carburize使渗碳 carcass畜体 carriage溜板，拖板 carve雕刻 casino赌博娱乐场 cast铸造 casting铸造 catalysis催化作用 cathode阴极 cavity型腔，模腔，凸模 ceramogrophy陶瓷学 challenging复杂的 choke阻风的，气门的 chore家务杂事 chromium铬 chuck卡盘 clamp夹具，锁紧，夹紧，固定 clay泥土 clumsy笨重的，笨拙的，不灵活的 clutch离合器 coalescence合并，结合，联合

会计专业英语期末试题)

期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese . 1. entity concept 主题概念 2.depreciation折旧 3. double entry system 4.inventories 5. stable monetary unit 6.opening balance 7.current asset 8.financial report 9.prepaid expense 10.internal control 11.cash flow statement 12.cash basis 13.tangible fixed asset 14.managerial accounting 15. current liability 16.internal control 17.sales return and allowance 18.financial position 19.balance sheet 20.direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese . 1. Accounting is often described as an information system. It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers. 2. The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors. Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers. 3. There are two sources of assets. One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity. Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future. 资产有两个来源，一个是负债，另一个是所有者权益。负债是由过去的交易或事件产生的实体的义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务的转让或使用。 4. Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices. They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity. In China, we have six groups of accounting elements. They are assets, liabilities, 可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注！

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

机械专业英语词汇汇总

机械专业英语词汇（大全）金属切削metal cutting 机床machine tool 金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematic 静力学static 分析力学analyse mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 强度intensity 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation 应力stress 硬度rigidity 热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing 脱碳decarburization 渗碳carburization 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding 平面磨削plane grinding 变速箱gearbox 离合器clutch 绞孔fraising 绞刀reamer 螺纹加工thread processing 螺钉screw 铣削mill 铣刀milling cutter 功率power 工件workpiece 齿轮加工gear mechining 齿轮gear 主运动main movement 主运动方向direction of main movement 进给方向direction of feed 进给运动feed movement 合成进给运动resultant movement of feed 合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting 合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth 前刀面rake face 刀尖nose of tool 前角rake angle 后角clearance angle 龙门刨削planing 主轴spindle 主轴箱headstock 卡盘chuck 加工中心machining center

环境工程专业英语期末试卷标准卷

晓庄学院期末考试试卷（ 07 级环境工程专业2010 ～2011 学年度第一学期）课程名称环境工程专业英语 A 卷考试形式闭卷考核类型考试本试卷共六大题，卷面满分100分，答题时间120分钟。一、请根据缩写写出单词全称：（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. VOC ：V olatile Organic Compounds 2. APC ：Air Pollution Control 3. SS ：Suspended Solids 4. COD ：Chemical Oxygen Demand 5. EIA ： Environmental Impact Assessment （评分标准：每小题中单词全部写对，不论大小写，得2分；错一个单词得1分；错两个及以上单词，得0分。）二、请写出下列术语的英文表达：（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. 城市污水：municipal wastewater 2. 废水处理：wastewater disposal 3. 沉降池:sedimentation tank 4. 消毒:disinfection 5. 絮凝作用:flocculation

（评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得2分；错一个单词得1分；错两个及以上单词，得0分。）三、请根据下列英文解释写出相应的英文词汇：（本题共4小题，每题2分，共10分） 1. The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us. Environment 2. A natural gas which is formed from decaying matter and burns easily, sometimes causes explosions in mines. Methane 3. Too many people in a given area, too high a population density. Overpopulation 4. The process by which water passes through a membrane that is impermeable to dissolved ions. Osmosis 5. A kind of chemical which can speed up/down a chemical reaction rate. Catalyst （评分标准：每小题中所用单词意思基本吻合，单词拼写正确，且单词词态正确，得2分；否则得0分。）四、阅读理解：（本题共20分，每小题2分） Passage1 A growing number of these attractions now allow customers to print e-tickets at home with large discounts off the gate price, in part to spur attendance that has declined in recent years. After boom times in the late 1990s, theme park attendance began to decrease, with an overall decline of about 4% over the past few y ears at North America’s 50 most- visited establishments, says James Zola, editor of Amusement Business. “The bloom was off the rose as we turned the corner into 2000, so there’s more discounting now,” he says.

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

电信专业英语期末试卷B及部分谜底

20 07 －20 08 学年第 1 学期课程名称专业英语试卷卷别 A □ B √ 专业级班级考试方式闭卷 √ 开卷 □ 本试卷共八大题( 6 页)，满分100分，考试时间120分钟。请在答题纸上作答，在试卷上作答无效。考生信息栏系专业级班级姓名学号装订线一、根据英文单词或词组，写出中文意思（本题共15小题，每题1 分，共15分） 1. insulator 绝缘子 2. conductor 导体 3. pulse 脉冲 4. sensor 传感器5. manual 手册 6. modulate 调制7. nucleus 核 8. oscilloscope 示波器 9. hardware 硬件10.multimedia 多媒体 11.terminal controllers 终端控制器 12.downlink frequency spectrum 下行频谱 13.wireless telephone 无线电话 14.power cord 电源线 15.forward bias 正向偏压、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

专业英语期末考试试卷AB卷标准答案及评分标准

专业英语期末考试试卷A卷标准答案及评分标准（2009-2010第二学期）一、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into Chinese (20×1=20) 标准答案：1.电气工程 2. 正电荷 3 .信道 4.家庭自动化 5.桌面应用软件 6.下降沿 7.波特率 8.红外线传感器9 数字信号10.激光技术 11光纤12.微处理器13振荡器14.半导体15.远程控制 16触发器17.阴极射线管18 代码错误19.波导管20.通信工程评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 二、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into English(10×1=10) 1.circuit 2.voltage 3.diode 4.triode 5.microwave oven 6.watchdog 7.sensor或transducer 8.current 9.transistor 10. magnifier或amplifier 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×1 四、Multiple choices. (2×10=20） 1-5 BCDBD 6-10 BAAAC 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 五、Translate the following sentences into Chinese (5×2=10) 1、电源有两种：电流源与电压源。 2、电子元器件分为有源元件与无源元件两类。 3、激光技术是用来测量物体的存在、传感器到物体之间的距离以及物体尺寸的一种技术。 4、计算机的“大脑”被称为微处理器。 5、串行口有四种工作模式。六、Choose the right statements according to the following passage .（true(T) or false (F) (5×2=10)） P1: 1-5 T F T F T 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2 七、Reading Comprehension(5×2=10)） 1-5 B C A D C 评分标准：得分=做对的个数×2

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷考试科目专业英语考试时间学生姓名所在院系土木学院任课教师徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：

机械工程专业英语(李光布_华中科技大学出版社)课后答案

《机械工程专业英语》翻译李光布饶锡新主编华中科技大学出版社Lesson11 numerical control Introduction One of the most fundamental concepts in the area …………………… 数控就是用一个穿孔的纸带或存储的程序来控制机床，美国电子工业协会对数字控制所下的定义为：“一个各项工作都有在各点上直接插入的数字来控制的系统，该系统必须至少能够自动解释这些数字中的部分。”生产某个零件所需要的数据被称作这个零件程序数控比先前的手工操作生产更多的机械设备，数控机床能够自动的生产不同种类的零件，并且这些零件都有各种各样复杂的加工工艺过程，数字控制使得制造者们可以承担产品的加工，其产品的加工从经济的观点上看使用人工控制机床和加工过程是不太可行的的当一个孔被钻或冲出后，刀具向上撤回快速移动到下一个位置，重复这个步骤，路线沿着一个位置到另一个位置在某一方面是很重要的，他必须挑选一个是经过的时间减少、更有效（的路线）。点对点的系统主要用于钻床、冲床和连续的铣工序中最近对DNC（现在表示分布式数字控制）的定义涵盖了“使用主计算机作为控制系统，来管理大量的带有机载微型计算机的独立的计算机数控机床”的含义。这种系统提供了更大的存储和计算机能力来灵活的克服直接数控的缺陷。计算机数字控制是由控制微型计算机作为机器集成的部分或某种设备一部分的系统（如机载计算机）。零件程序由编程者事先准备好，该程序应结合由绘图软件包和加工仿真中获得的信息，从而确保零件没有程序缺陷。机器操控者可以很容易的通过手工对机载计算机进行控制，操作者能够直接对程序进行修改，并为不同的零件制定和存储程序 Lesson14 CAM TEXT 1.introduction Computer-aided manufacturing involves the use of …………………… 计算机辅佐制造的含义是：使用计算机和计算机技术来协助产品制造的所有环节，其中包括加工工艺和生产的辅助设计、加工、生产计划制定、管理和质量控制等！由CAD开发的数据库首先被存储，然后由CAM做进一步的处理，转化为对生产设备和材料处理设备进行操作和控制所必须的数据和命令，对产品的质量进行自动的检测和测试！ CAD\CAM的出现对制造业有很大的影响，标准化生产的发展和设计努力、试验和原型工作的减少。它已经较大的减少了消耗和提高生产效率成为可能。例如，波音777客机完全被用计算机（无纸的设计），在两千个工作站连接着8台计算机，这个飞机由CAD\CAM软件建造，没有原形或像以前的模型所要求的建立，这个开发的花费大约在60亿。通过工业社会的历史，许多发明取得专利，并且整个新技术在发展，华特的零件互换性概念、瓦特的蒸汽机和福特的装配线是一部分发展却是最显著的在我们的工业时期，像我们知道的那样，这些发展的每一个都影响了制造业，并且赢得了他们个人应受认可在我们的历史课本中。或许数字计算机技术是唯一比以前技术更快、更大影响制造业的发展。在计算机辅助设计或计算机辅助制造中交互式计算机制图起着重要的作用，通过使用交互式计算机制图，设计人员可开发被设计产品的图形图像，同时储存这些生成图形图像的电子数据，图像可以以二维三维的实体的形式表现出来，交互式计算机制图图像是由点、线、圆和曲线这些基本的几何元素构成的这些图像一旦创建他们可以通过放大缩小旋转和移动在内的各种各样的方式轻松的来编辑和操交互式计算机制图系统的典型硬件结构包括计算机、显示器、软盘启动器、、硬盘或两者兼备以及输入设备、如键盘、绘图仪和打印机。这些设备伴随这些软件是现代设计人员用